TERRACCIANO E, AMADORI F, PETTINICCHIO V, ZARATTI L, FRANCO E. Strategies for elimination of rubella in pregnancy and of congenital rubella syndrome in high and upper-middle income countries.
JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020;
61:E98-E108. [PMID:
32490275 PMCID:
PMC7225652 DOI:
10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.1.1310]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rubella infection generally leads to mild symptoms; otherwise, in pregnant women it can cause severe damages. The only way to prevent rubella is vaccine. Before the introduction of the vaccine, up to 4 babies in 1000 live births were born with CRS.
This work aims to review the most important strategies for the elimination of CRS in upper and high-income countries.
Papers were selected through a PubMed search up to January 2019, using keywords rubella, congenital rubella syndrome and epidemiology. Articles published in the last 12 years and referred to upper income and high-income countries in title or abstract were included.
Sixty-five papers were selected dealing with one or more of the following strategies: increasing of rubella vaccination coverage in childbearing age women, males, immigrants; exploitation of all appropriate occasions; improving of rubella surveillance.
Despite numerous suggestions and indications for valid strategies to eliminate rubella in pregnancy and congenital rubella syndrome, a practical application is often missing.
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