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Jiang S, Wang Y, Luo L, Shi F, Zou J, Lin H, Ying Y, Luo Y, Zhan Z, Liu P, Zhu B, Huang D, Luo Z. AMP-activated protein kinase regulates cancer cell growth and metabolism via nuclear and mitochondria events. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3951-3961. [PMID: 30993829 PMCID: PMC6533503 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a fuel sensing enzyme that is activated in shortage of energy and inhibited in its surplus. Cancer is a metabolic disease characteristic of aerobic glycolysis, namely Warburg effect, and possesses heterogeneity featured by spatiotemporal hypoxia and normoxia, where AMPK is deeply implicated. The present study delineates the regulation of mitochondrial functions by AMPK in cancer cells. On the one hand, AMPKα subunit binds to mitochondria independently of β subunit and targeting AMPK to mitochondria facilitates oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, and inhibits glycolysis. As such, mitochondrial AMPK inhibits the growth of cancer cells and tumorigenesis. On the other hand, ablation of the β subunits completely abolishes AMPK activity and simultaneously leads to decreases in mitochondria DNA and protein contents. The effect of the β deletion is rescued by overexpression of the active mutant of bulky AMPKα1 subunit. In conjunction, the transcriptional factors PGC1α and Nrf‐1 are up‐regulated by LKB1/AMPK, an event that is abolished in the absence of the β subunits. Intriguingly, the stimulation of mitochondria biogenesis is not achieved by mitochondria‐targeted AMPK. Therefore, our study suggests that AMPK inhibits cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis via regulation of mitochondria‐mediated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang, China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuli Shi
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang, China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhan Zhan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang, China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Schools of Basic Sciences, Nanchang, China
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Yin T, Wang G, Ye T, Wang Y. Sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, mediates breast cancer inhibition as an immune modulator. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19534. [PMID: 26777116 PMCID: PMC4725989 DOI: 10.1038/srep19534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cooperation of adaptive immunity with pharmacologic therapy influences cancer progression. Though non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a long history of cancer prevention, it is unclear whether adaptive immune system affects the action of those drugs. In present study, we revealed a novel immunological mechanism of sulindac. Our data showed that sulindac had substantial efficacy as a single agent against 4T1 murine breast cancer and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. However, in the athymic nude mice, sulindac treatment was ineffective. Further in vivo T cell subsets depletion experiments showed that CD8+ T lymphocytes deficiency reversed the anti-tumor effect of sulindac. In addition, sulindac significantly reduced M2 macrophages recruitment, cancer-related inflammation and tumor angiogenesis. Our results advance our understanding of the mechanisms of NSAIDs, and more importantly, this will provide insight into rational drug design or antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Guoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Fuchs CS, Beck AH, Giovannucci E, Ogino S. Etiologic field effect: reappraisal of the field effect concept in cancer predisposition and progression. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:14-29. [PMID: 24925058 PMCID: PMC4265316 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term 'field effect' (also known as field defect, field cancerization, or field carcinogenesis) has been used to describe a field of cellular and molecular alteration, which predisposes to the development of neoplasms within that territory. We explore an expanded, integrative concept, 'etiologic field effect', which asserts that various etiologic factors (the exposome including dietary, lifestyle, environmental, microbial, hormonal, and genetic factors) and their interactions (the interactome) contribute to a tissue microenvironmental milieu that constitutes a 'field of susceptibility' to neoplasia initiation, evolution, and progression. Importantly, etiological fields predate the acquisition of molecular aberrations commonly considered to indicate presence of filed effect. Inspired by molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) research, which examines the influence of etiologic factors on cellular and molecular alterations during disease course, an etiologically focused approach to field effect can: (1) broaden the horizons of our inquiry into cancer susceptibility and progression at molecular, cellular, and environmental levels, during all stages of tumor evolution; (2) embrace host-environment-tumor interactions (including gene-environment interactions) occurring in the tumor microenvironment; and, (3) help explain intriguing observations, such as shared molecular features between bilateral primary breast carcinomas, and between synchronous colorectal cancers, where similar molecular changes are absent from intervening normal colon. MPE research has identified a number of endogenous and environmental exposures which can influence not only molecular signatures in the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and interactome, but also host immunity and tumor behavior. We anticipate that future technological advances will allow the development of in vivo biosensors capable of detecting and quantifying 'etiologic field effect' as abnormal network pathology patterns of cellular and microenvironmental responses to endogenous and exogenous exposures. Through an 'etiologic field effect' paradigm, and holistic systems pathology (systems biology) approaches to cancer biology, we can improve personalized prevention and treatment strategies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lochhead
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew T Chan
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ogino S, Lochhead P, Giovannucci E, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Chan AT. Discovery of colorectal cancer PIK3CA mutation as potential predictive biomarker: power and promise of molecular pathological epidemiology. Oncogene 2014; 33:2949-55. [PMID: 23792451 PMCID: PMC3818472 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regular use of aspirin reduces incidence and mortality of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. Anticancer effect of aspirin represents one of the 'Provocative Questions' in cancer research. Experimental and clinical studies support a carcinogenic role for PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase-2), which is an important enzymatic mediator of inflammation, and a target of aspirin. Recent 'molecular pathological epidemiology' (MPE) research has shown that aspirin use is associated with better prognosis and clinical outcome in PIK3CA-mutated colorectal carcinoma, suggesting somatic PIK3CA mutation as a molecular biomarker that predicts response to aspirin therapy. The PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphonate 3-kinase) enzyme has a pivotal role in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Activating PIK3CA oncogene mutations are observed in various malignancies including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, brain tumor, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer and colon cancer. The prevalence of PIK3CA mutations increases continuously from rectal to cecal cancers, supporting the 'colorectal continuum' paradigm, and an important interplay of gut microbiota and host immune/inflammatory reaction. MPE represents an interdisciplinary integrative science, conceptually defined as 'epidemiology of molecular heterogeneity of disease'. As exposome and interactome vary from person to person and influence disease process, each disease process is unique (the unique disease principle). Therefore, MPE concept and paradigm can extend to non-neoplastic diseases including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and so on. MPE research opportunities are currently limited by paucity of tumor molecular data in the existing large-scale population-based studies. However, genomic, epigenomic and molecular pathology testings (for example, analyses for microsatellite instability, MLH1 promoter CpG island methylation, and KRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal tumors) are becoming routine clinical practices. In order for integrative molecular and population science to be routine practice, we must first reform education curricula by integrating both population and molecular biological sciences. As consequences, next-generation hybrid molecular biological and population scientists can advance science, moving closer to personalized precision medicine and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ogino
- 1] Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Lochhead
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - E Giovannucci
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA [3] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C S Fuchs
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A T Chan
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Aspirin is arguably the synthesized drug that has been used most commonly in human history. Aspirin was originally developed and marketed for the treatment of inflammatory disorders at the end of the 19th century, but its mechanism of action remained unknown until the second half of the 20th century. Since the latter part of the 20th century aspirin also has been used for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases given its anti-thrombotic properties. An association between intake of aspirin and decreased cancer risk was identified in the past decades. Whether aspirin can be used as an anticancer agent in patients with a diagnosis of cancer was unknown until recently. Recent studies suggest that aspirin might provide therapeutic benefit in the adjuvant treatment of certain forms of cancer. This review provides a critical update on this topic, which has potential implications for oncologists and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Michael Pennison
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Hugo Jimenez
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC
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A novel molecular marker of prognosis in colorectal cancer: Vasohibin-1. Med Oncol 2013; 31:816. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:465-84. [PMID: 23307060 PMCID: PMC3637979 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics acts as an interface between environmental/exogenous factors, cellular responses, and pathological processes. Aberrant epigenetic signatures are a hallmark of complex multifactorial diseases (including neoplasms and malignancies such as leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and breast, lung, prostate, liver, and colorectal cancers). Epigenetic signatures (DNA methylation, mRNA and microRNA expression, etc) may serve as biomarkers for risk stratification, early detection, and disease classification, as well as targets for therapy and chemoprevention. In particular, DNA methylation assays are widely applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue specimens as clinical pathology tests. To better understand the interplay between etiological factors, cellular molecular characteristics, and disease evolution, the field of 'molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE)' has emerged as an interdisciplinary integration of 'molecular pathology' and 'epidemiology'. In contrast to traditional epidemiological research including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), MPE is founded on the unique disease principle, that is, each disease process results from unique profiles of exposomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, microbiomes, and interactomes in relation to the macroenvironment and tissue microenvironment. MPE may represent a logical evolution of GWAS, termed 'GWAS-MPE approach'. Although epigenome-wide association study attracts increasing attention, currently, it has a fundamental problem in that each cell within one individual has a unique, time-varying epigenome. Having a similar conceptual framework to systems biology, the holistic MPE approach enables us to link potential etiological factors to specific molecular pathology, and gain novel pathogenic insights on causality. The widespread application of epigenome (eg, methylome) analyses will enhance our understanding of disease heterogeneity, epigenotypes (CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 (long interspersed nucleotide element-1; also called long interspersed nuclear element-1; long interspersed element-1; L1) hypomethylation, etc), and host-disease interactions. In this article, we illustrate increasing contribution of modern pathology to broader public health sciences, which attests pivotal roles of pathologists in the new integrated MPE science towards our ultimate goal of personalized medicine and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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