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Wang P, Lin Q, Xiao C, Yang X, Liu K, Pan H. Unraveling the Photodissociation Branching and Pathways of Methane at 118 nm by Imaging the CH 3, CH 2, and CH Fragments. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5273-5284. [PMID: 38946501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Under irradiation of a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photon, methane dissociates and yields multiple fragments. This photochemical behavior is not only of fundamental importance but also with wide-ranging implications in several branches of science. Despite that and numerous previous investigations, the product channel branching is still under debate, and the underlying dissociation mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the photofragment imaging technique was exploited for the first time to map out the momentum and anisotropy parameter distributions of the CH3, CH2, and CH fragments at the 118 nm photolysis wavelength (10.48 eV photon energy). In conjunction with previously reported results of the H atom fragment at 121.6 nm (10.2 eV), a complete set of product channel branching in both two-body and three-body fragmentations is accurately determined. We concluded that extensive nonadiabatic transitions partake in the processes with two-body fragmentations accounting for more than 90% of overall photodissociation, for which the channel branching values for CH2 + H2 and CH3 + H are about 0.66 and 0.25, respectively. Careful kinematic analysis enables us to untangle the intertwined triple fragmentations into the CH2(X̃ 3B1 and ã 1A1) + H + H and CH(X2Π) + H + H2 channels and to evidence their underlying sequential (or stepwise) mechanisms. With the aid of electronic correlation and prior theoretical calculations of the potential energy surfaces, the most probable or dominant dissociation pathways are elucidated. Comparisons with fragmentary reports in the literature on various photochemical aspects are also documented, and discrepancies are clarified. This comprehensive study benchmarks the VUV photochemistry of methane and advances our understanding of this important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiaosong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kopin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Huilin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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Han L, Gao Q, Li B, Li Z. Pump-probe strategy for instantaneous 2D detection of CH 3 in flames using a single laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:7361-7365. [PMID: 36256035 DOI: 10.1364/ao.463442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of the reaction zone of flames using CH radicals as markers is restricted by the low concentration of CH in fuel-lean conditions. To address this, methyl radicals (CH3) are employed as a substitution of CH in premixed methane/air flames. A pump-probe method was adopted with the pump laser photolyzing CH3 and the probe laser detecting the photolyzed CH (X2Π) fragments. Laser excitation scans were performed to ensure that the fluorescence detected was from CH only. Visualization of the reaction zone of flames was accomplished by a CH3 photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence technique in fuel-lean conditions (the equivalence ratio of 0.4), where CH planar laser-induced fluorescence did not work in both laminar and turbulent jet flames. The proposed pump-probe method of CH3 can be used to visualize the reaction zone of hydrocarbon combustion under both fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions with a superior signal-to-noise ratio.
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Ghoshal S, Pramanik A, Sarkar P. Theoretical Investigations on the Possibility of Prebiotic HCN Formation via O-Addition Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4782-4792. [PMID: 32401514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Until now, reactions between methane photolysis products (CH3•, CH2) and active N atom or reactive NO radical are proposed as routes of HCN formation in the prebiotic Earth. Scientists think that the reducing atmosphere of primitive Earth was made of H2, He, N2, NO, CH4, H2O, CO2, etc., and there was no molecular oxygen. However, it has been evident from experiments that the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis of CO2 can produce atomic oxygen. Therefore, it can be presumed that atomic oxygen was likely present in early Earth's atmosphere. Was there any impact of atomic oxygen in production of early atmospheric HCN for the emergence of life? To hunt for the answer, we have employed computational methods to study the mechanism and kinetics of CH3NO + O(1D) and CH2NO• + O(3P) addition reactions. Current study suggests that the addition of O(1D) into nitrosomethane (CH3NO) and the addition of O(3P) into nitrosomethylene radical (CH2NO•) can efficiently produce HCN through an effectively barrierless pathway. At STP, Bartis-Widom phenomenological loss rate coefficients of O(1D) and O(3P) are obtained as 2.47 × 10-12 and 4.67 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. We propose that addition reactions of atomic oxygen with CH3NO and CH2NO• might act as a potential source for early atmospheric HCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghoshal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, India.,Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia-723104, India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, India
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Chang Y, Yang J, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Li Q, He Z, Zhang W, Wu G, Ingle RA, Bain M, Ashfold MNR, Yuan K, Yang X, Hansen CS. Ultraviolet photochemistry of ethane: implications for the atmospheric chemistry of the gas giants. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5089-5097. [PMID: 34122966 PMCID: PMC8159213 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical processing in the stratospheres of the gas giants is driven by incident vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light. Ethane is an important constituent in the atmospheres of the gas giants in our solar system. The present work describes translational spectroscopy studies of the VUV photochemistry of ethane using tuneable radiation in the wavelength range 112 ≤ λ ≤ 126 nm from a free electron laser and event-triggered, fast-framing, multi-mass imaging detection methods. Contributions from at least five primary photofragmentation pathways yielding CH2, CH3 and/or H atom products are demonstrated and interpreted in terms of unimolecular decay following rapid non-adiabatic coupling to the ground state potential energy surface. These data serve to highlight parallels with methane photochemistry and limitations in contemporary models of the photoinduced stratospheric chemistry of the gas giants. The work identifies additional photochemical reactions that require incorporation into next generation extraterrestrial atmospheric chemistry models which should help rationalise hitherto unexplained aspects of the atmospheric ethane/acetylene ratios revealed by the Cassini-Huygens fly-by of Jupiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Informatics of Anhui Higher Education Institutions, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Fuyang Normal University Fuyang Anhui 236041 China
| | - Yong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhigang He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Rebecca A Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, University College London London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Matthew Bain
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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Ghoshal S, Pramanik A, Biswas S, Sarkar P. CH 3NO as a potential intermediate for early atmospheric HCN: a quantum chemical insight. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25126-25138. [PMID: 31691697 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03874d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has played a central role in the production of several biological molecules under prebiotic conditions on primitive Earth. Previously, K. J. Zahnle (J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 1986, 91, 2819) and Tian et al. (Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2011, 308, 417) emphasized that HCN production in the early Earth's CH4-rich atmosphere could have been possible through the reaction between active nitrogen atoms (N) and methane photolysis products. Here, we have proposed alternative pathways for the formation of early atmospheric HCN via the decomposition of CH3NO as an intermediate. In the early Earth's O2-free atmosphere, CH3˙ could preferentially attach to NO, which was generated via early atmospheric volcanism or lightning and photochemical processes. We have quantum chemically explored both unimolecular and bimolecular decomposition pathways of CH3NO via the assistance of another CH3NO molecule and via H2O, NH3, HCl, HCOOH, HNO3 and H2SO4 catalysis. Both energetic and kinetic analyses reveal that H2SO4 is more efficient in this regard than other atmospheric species. Overall, it has been suggested that the proposed bimolecular decomposition pathways might have been alternative pathways for the formation of HCN under certain conditions on prebiotic Earth, while the unimolecular decomposition of CH3NO could lead to the formation of HCN in the high temperature volcanic environment on early Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghoshal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, India.
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, India.
| | - Santu Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, India.
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan-731235, India.
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Gao H, Ng CY. Quantum state-to-state vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of small molecules. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1812290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cheuk-Yiu Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
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Ashfold MNR, Ingle RA, Karsili TNV, Zhang J. Photoinduced C–H bond fission in prototypical organic molecules and radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13880-13901. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We survey and assess current knowledge regarding the primary photochemistry of hydrocarbon molecules and radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
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8
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Navid HA, Irani E, Sadighi-Bonabi R. Possibility of methane conversion into heavier hydrocarbons using nanosecond lasers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 156:118-122. [PMID: 26655072 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Effect of nanosecond lasers on the methane dissociation is experimentally studied by using three different laser wavelengths at 248 nm, 355 nm and 532 nm. C2H2 generation is measured as a major reaction product in experiments and the energy consumptions in production of this component are measured as 5.8 MJ/mol, 3.1 MJ/mol and 69.0 MJ/mol, for 355 nm, 532 nm and 248 nm wavelengths, respectively. The mechanism of conversion and production of new stable hydrocarbons is also theoretically investigated. It is found that in theoretical calculations, the ion-molecule reactions should be included and this leads to a unique approach in proper explanation of the experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Navid
- Department of laser and Optical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran; Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9567, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Irani
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9567, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Sadighi-Bonabi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9567, Tehran, Iran.
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Sebree JA, Stern JC, Mandt KE, Domagal-Goldman SD, Trainer MG. 13C and 15N fractionation of CH 4/N 2 mixtures during photochemical aerosol formation: Relevance to Titan. ICARUS 2015; 270:421-428. [PMID: 31068732 PMCID: PMC6501594 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ratios of the stable isotopes that comprise each chemical species in Titan's atmosphere provide critical information towards understanding the processes taking place within its modern and ancient atmosphere. Several stable isotope pairs, including 12C/13C and 14N/15N, have been measured in situ or probed spectroscopically by Cassini-borne instruments, space telescopes, or through ground-based observations. Current attempts to model the observed isotope ratios incorporate fractionation resulting from atmospheric diffusion, hydrodynamic escape, and primary photochemical processes. However, the effect of a potentially critical pathway for isotopic fractionation - organic aerosol formation and subsequent deposition onto the surface of Titan - has not been considered due to insufficient data regarding fractionation during aerosol formation. To better understand the nature of this process, we have conducted a laboratory study to measure the isotopic fractionation associated with the formation of Titan aerosol analogs, commonly referred to as 'tholins', via far-UV irradiation of several methane (CH4) and dinitrogen (N2) mixtures. Analysis of the δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures of the photochemical aerosol products using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) show that fractionation direction and magnitude are dependent on the initial bulk composition of the gas mixture. In general, the aerosols showed enrichment in 13C and 14N, and the observed fractionation trends can provide insight into the chemical mechanisms controlling photochemical aerosol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Sebree
- University of Northern Iowa, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Cedar Falls, IA 50614, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar System Exploration Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Stern
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar System Exploration Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Mandt
- Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | | | - Melissa G. Trainer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar System Exploration Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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10
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Koseki S, Shimakura N, Teranishi Y, Lin SH, Fujimura Y. Neutral-fragmentation paths of methane induced by intense ultrashort IR laser pulses: ab initio molecular orbital approach. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:333-41. [PMID: 23231683 DOI: 10.1021/jp309931c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Instantaneous (laser-field-dependent) potential energy curves leading to neutral fragmentations of methane were calculated at several laser intensities from 1.4 × 10(13) to 1.2 × 10(14) W/cm(2) (from 1.0 × 10(10) to 3.0 × 10(10) V/m) using ab initio molecular orbital (MO) methods to validate the observation of neutral fragmentations induced by intense femtosecond IR pulses (Kong et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125, 133320). Two fragmentation paths, CH(2) + 2H and CH(2) + H(2), in (1)T(2) superexcited states that are located in the energy range of 12-16 eV were considered as the reaction paths because these states are responsible for Jahn-Teller distortion opening up reaction paths during ultrashort pulses. As field intensity increased, the low-lying excited (1)A(1) states originated from the Jahn-Teller (1)T(2) states were substantially stabilized along the neutral-fragment path CH(4) → CH(2) + 2H and were located below the ionization threshold. On the other hand, the low-lying excited (1)B(1) states, which also originate from the Jahn-Teller (1)T(2) states, were embedded on the ionized state along the dissociation path to CH(2) + H(2). This indicates that ionic fragments, rather than neutral ones, are produced along the CH(2) + H(2) path. The computational results support neutral fragmentations through superexcited states proposed by Kong et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koseki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
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Mandt KE, Gell DA, Perry M, Hunter Waite J, Crary FA, Young D, Magee BA, Westlake JH, Cravens T, Kasprzak W, Miller G, Wahlund JE, Ågren K, Edberg NJT, Heays AN, Lewis BR, Gibson ST, de la Haye V, Liang MC. Ion densities and composition of Titan's upper atmosphere derived from the Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Analysis methods and comparison of measured ion densities to photochemical model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012je004139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Laboratory studies of photochemistry and gas phase radical reaction kinetics relevant to planetary atmospheres. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6318-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Gans B, Boyé-Péronne S, Broquier M, Delsaut M, Douin S, Fellows CE, Halvick P, Loison JC, Lucchese RR, Gauyacq D. Photolysis of methane revisited at 121.6 nm and at 118.2 nm: quantum yields of the primary products, measured by mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8140-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Gannon KL, Blitz MA, Liang CH, Pilling MJ, Seakins PW, Glowacki DR, Harvey JN. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the competition between chemical reaction and relaxation for the reactions of 1CH2 with acetylene and ethene: implications for the chemistry of the giant planets. Faraday Discuss 2010; 147:173-88; discussion 251-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c004131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Kaiser RI, Maksyutenko P, Ennis C, Zhang F, Gu X, Krishtal SP, Mebel AM, Kostko O, Ahmed M. Untangling the chemical evolution of Titan's atmosphere and surface–from homogeneous to heterogeneous chemistry. Faraday Discuss 2010; 147:429-78; discussion 527-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c003599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Ashfold MNR, King GA, Murdock D, Nix MGD, Oliver TAA, Sage AG. πσ* excited states in molecular photochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1218-38. [DOI: 10.1039/b921706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Lodriguito MD, Lendvay G, Schatz GC. Trajectory surface-hopping study of methane photodissociation dynamics. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:224320. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3271242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Gans B, Mendes LAV, Boyé-Péronne S, Douin S, Garcia G, Soldi-Lose H, de Miranda BKC, Alcaraz C, Carrasco N, Pernot P, Gauyacq D. Determination of the Absolute Photoionization Cross Sections of CH3 and I Produced from a Pyrolysis Source, by Combined Synchrotron and Vacuum Ultraviolet Laser Studies. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:3237-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909414d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bérenger Gans
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Luiz A. Vieira Mendes
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Séverine Boyé-Péronne
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Stéphane Douin
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Héloïse Soldi-Lose
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Barbara K. Cunha de Miranda
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Christian Alcaraz
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Nathalie Carrasco
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Pascal Pernot
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Dolores Gauyacq
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
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Wilson EH, Atreya SK. Titan’s Carbon Budget and the Case of the Missing Ethane. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11221-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905535a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric H. Wilson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive M/S 169-237, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
| | - Sushil K. Atreya
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive M/S 169-237, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143
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Huang CH, Kaiser RI, Chang AHH. Theoretical Study on the Reaction of Ground State Cyano Radical with Propylene in Titan’s Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:12675-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905081u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - R. I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - A. H. H. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
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Zhang F, Kim YS, Kaiser RI, Krishtal SP, Mebel AM. Crossed Molecular Beams Study on the Formation of Vinylacetylene in Titan’s Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11167-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9032595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Gu X, Zhang F, Kaiser RI. Reaction dynamics on the formation of 1- and 3-cyanopropylene in the crossed beams reaction of ground-state cyano radicals (CN) with propylene (C3H6) and its deuterated isotopologues. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9607-13. [PMID: 18681396 DOI: 10.1021/jp8039059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crossed molecular beams experiments were utilized to explore the chemical reaction dynamics of ground-state cyano radicals, CN(X(2)Sigma(+)), with propylene (CH3CHCH2) together with two d3-isotopologues (CD3CHCH2, CH3CDCD2) as potential pathways to form organic nitriles under single collision conditions in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan and in the interstellar medium. On the basis of the center-of-mass translational and angular distributions, the reaction dynamics were deduced to be indirect and commenced via an addition of the electrophilic cyano radical with its radical center to the alpha-carbon atom of the propylene molecule yielding a doublet radical intermediate: CH3CHCH2CN. Crossed beam experiments with propylene-1,1,2-d3 (CH3CDCD2) and propylene-3,3,3-d3 (CD3CHCH2) indicated that the reaction intermediates CH3CDCD2CN (from propylene-1,1,2-d3) and CD3CHCH2CN (from propylene-3,3,3-d3) eject both atomic hydrogen through tight exit transition states located about 40-50 kJ mol(-1) above the separated products: 3-butenenitrile [H2CCDCD2CN] (25%), and cis/trans-2-butenenitrile [CD3CHCHCN] (75%), respectively, plus atomic hydrogen. Applications of our results to the chemical processing of cold molecular clouds like TMC-1 and OMC-1 are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibin Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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23
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Derk AR, Funke HH, Falconer JL. Methane Conversion to Higher Hydrocarbons by UV Irradiation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0712840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Derk
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424
| | - Hans H. Funke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424
| | - John L. Falconer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424
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Landera A, Krishtal SP, Kislov VV, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Theoretical study of the C6H3 potential energy surface and rate constants and product branching ratios of the C2H(Σ+2)+C4H2(Σg+1) and C4H(Σ+2)+C2H2(Σg+1) reactions. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:214301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2929821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Oh J, Matsumoto T, Nakamura J. Photocoupling of Methane in Water Vapor to Saturated Hydrocarbons. Catal Letters 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-008-9477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Laeuter A, Volpp HR, Mittal JP, Vatsa RK. Lyman-α photodissociation of CH3CFCl2 (HCFC-141b): Quantum yield and translational energy of hydrogen atoms. J CHEM SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-007-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Zhao YL, Laufer AH, Halpern JB, Fahr A. Hydrogen Migration and Vinylidene Pathway for Formation of Methane in the 193 nm Photodissociation of Propene: CH3CHCH2 and CD3CDCD2. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8330-5. [PMID: 17685497 DOI: 10.1021/jp072475j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation channels and the final product yields from the 193 nm photolysis of propene-h6 (CH(2)=CHCH(3)) and propene-d6 (CD(2)=CDCD(3)) have been investigated, employing gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy, and flame ionization (GC/MS/FID) detection methods. The yields of methane as well as butadiene relative to ethane show considerable variations when propene-h6 or propene-d6 are photolyzed. This suggests significant variances in the relative importance of primary photolytic processes and/or secondary radical reactions, occurring subsequent to the photolysis. Theoretical calculations suggest the potential occurrence of an intramolecular dissociation through a mechanism involving vinylidene formation, accompanied by an ethylenic H-migration through the pi-orbitals. This process affects the final yields of methane-h4 versus methane-d4 with respect to other products. The product yields from previous studies of the 193 nm photolysis of methyl vinyl ketone-h6 and -d6 (CH(2)=CHCOCH(3), CD(2)=CDCOCD(3)), alternative precursors for generating methyl and vinyl radicals, are compared with the current results for propene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Zhao
- Computational Chemistry Group, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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29
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Umemoto H. Production yields of H(D) atoms in the reactions of N2(AΣu+3) with C2H2, C2H4, and their deuterated variants. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:014304. [PMID: 17627343 DOI: 10.1063/1.2746851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The production yields of H(D) atoms in the reactions of N(2)(A (3)Sigma(u) (+)) with C(2)H(2), C(2)H(4), and their deuterated variants were determined. N(2)(A (3)Sigma(u) (+)) was produced by excitation transfer between Xe(6s[32](1)) and ground-state N(2) followed by collisional relaxation. Xe(6s[32](1)) was produced by two-photon laser excitation of Xe(6p[12](0)) followed by concomitant amplified spontaneous emission. H(D) atoms were detected by using vacuum-ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The H(D)-atom yields were evaluated from the LIF intensities and the overall rate constants for the quenching, which were determined from the temporal profiles of the NO tracer emission. The absolute yields were evaluated by assuming that the yield for NH(3)(ND(3)) is 0.9. Although no HD isotope effects were observed in the overall rate constants, there were isotope effects in the H(D)-atom yields. The H-atom yields for C(2)H(2) and C(2)H(4) were 0.52 and 0.30, respectively, while the D-atom yields for C(2)D(2) and C(2)D(4) were 0.33 and 0.13, respectively. The presence of isotope effects in yields suggests that H(2)(D(2)) molecular elimination processes are competing and that molecular elimination is more dominant in deuterated species than in hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Umemoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Johoku, Naka, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.
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30
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van Harrevelt R. First ultraviolet absorption band of methane: Anab initiostudy. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:204313. [PMID: 17552768 DOI: 10.1063/1.2741551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum mechanical calculations of the cross sections for photodissociation of CH4 and CD4 in the 1t2-->3s band are presented. The potential energy surfaces for the three states correlating with the 1 1T2 state at tetrahedral geometries are calculated. The elements of the (3x3) matrix representing the electronic Hamiltonian in the diabatic basis are expanded in powers of nuclear coordinates, up to the second order. The expansion coefficients are based on accurate multireference configuration interaction calculations. The electronically nonadiabatic dynamics is treated with the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree approach. All nine internal degrees of methane are included in the quantum dynamics simulations. The calculated cross section agrees well with experiment. Semiclassical calculations using the reflection principle suggest that the peaks in the spectrum correspond to the three adiabatic electronic states correlating with the 1 1T2 state at Td geometries. However, the non-Born-Oppenheimer terms in the Hamiltonian have a strong effect on the positions of the peaks in the absorption spectrum. The results of semiclassical calculations, which neglect these terms, are therefore quite different from the accurate quantum results and experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob van Harrevelt
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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31
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Matsumoto Y. Photochemistry and Photo-Induced Ultrafast Dynamics at Metal Surfaces. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Hébrard E, Dobrijevic M, Bénilan Y, Raulin F. Photochemical kinetics uncertainties in modeling Titan’s atmosphere: A review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Loison JC, Bergeat A, Caralp F, Hannachi Y. Rate Constants and H Atom Branching Ratios of the Gas-Phase Reactions of Methylidyne CH(X2Π) Radical with a Series of Alkanes. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:13500-6. [PMID: 17165876 DOI: 10.1021/jp065831r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the CH radical with several alkanes were studied, at room temperature, in a low-pressure fast-flow reactor. CH(X2Pi, v = 0) radicals were obtained from the reaction of CHBr(3) with potassium atoms. The overall rate constants at 300 K are (0.76 +/- 0.20) x 10(-10) [Fleurat-Lessard, P.; Rayez, J. C.; Bergeat, A.; Loison, J. C. Chem. Phys. 2002, 279, 87],1 (1.60 +/- 0.60) x 10(-10)[Galland, N.; Caralp, F.; Hannachi, Y.; Bergeat, A.; Loison, J.-C. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 5419],2 (2.20 +/- 0.80) x 10(-10), (2.80 +/- 0.80) x 10(-10), (3.20 +/- 0.80) x 10(-10), (3.30 +/- 0.60) x 10(-10), and (3.60 +/- 0.80) x 10(-10) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1), (errors refer to +/-2sigma) for methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, n-pentane, neo-pentane, and n-hexane respectively. The experimental overall rate constants correspond to those obtained using a simple classical capture theory. Absolute atomic hydrogen production was determined by V.U.V. resonance fluorescence, with H production from the CH + CH4 reaction being used as a reference. Observed H branching ratios were for CH4, 1.00[Fleurat-Lessard, P.; Rayez, J. C.; Bergeat, A.; Loison, J. C. Chem. Phys. 2002, 279, 87];1 C(2)H(6), 0.22 +/- 0.08 [Galland, N.; Caralp, F.; Hannachi, Y.; Bergeat, A.; Loison, J.-C. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 5419];2 C(3)H(8), 0.19 +/- 0.07; C(4)H(10) (n-butane), 0.14 +/- 0.06; C(5)H(12) (n-pentane), 0.52 +/- 0.08; C(5)H(12) (neo-pentane), 0.51 +/- 0.08; C(5)H(12) (iso-pentane), 0.12 +/- 0.06; C(6)H(14) (n-hexane), 0.06 +/- 0.04.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Loison
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5803, Université Bordeaux I, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France.
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34
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van Harrevelt R. Photodissociation of methane: Exploring potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:124302. [PMID: 17014169 DOI: 10.1063/1.2335441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential energy surface for the first excited singlet state (S(1)) of methane is explored using multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction calculations, employing a valence triple zeta basis set. A larger valence quadruple zeta basis is used to calculate the vertical excitation energy and dissociation energies. All stationary points found on the S(1) surface are saddle points and have imaginary frequencies for symmetry-breaking vibrations. By studying several two-dimensional cuts through the potential energy surfaces, it is argued that CH(4) in the S(1) state will distort to planar structures. Several conical intersection seams between the ground state surface S(0) and the S(1) surface have been identified at planar geometries. The conical intersections provide electronically nonadiabatic pathways towards products CH(3)((approximately)X (2)A"(2))+H, CH(2)((approximately)a (1)A(1))+H(2), or CH(2)((approximately)X (3)B(1))+H+H. The present results thereby make it plausible that the CH(3)((approximately)X (2)A"(2))+H and CH(2)((approximately)a (1)A(1))+H(2) channels are major dissociation channels, as has been observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob van Harrevelt
- Instituut voor Theoretische Chemie, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Umemoto H. H(D)-atom yields in the quenching of Xe(6s[3∕2]1) by methane, ethane, ethene, ethyne, and their deuterated isotopologues. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:34306. [PMID: 16863349 DOI: 10.1063/1.2213256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The yields for the production of H(D) atoms in the reactions of Xe(6s[3/2]1) with simple hydrocarbons and their deuterated variants were determined. Xe(6s[32](1)) was produced by two-photon laser excitation of Xe(6p[1/2]0) followed by concomitant amplified spontaneous emission. H(D) atoms are detected using a vacuum-ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. The H(D)-atom yields were evaluated from the LIF intensities and the overall rate constants for the quenching, which were determined from the temporal profile measurements of the resonance fluorescence from Xe(6s[3/2](1)). HD isotope effects were observed not only in the overall rate constants but also in the H(D)-atom yields. The yields for CH4, C2H4, and C2H2 were determined to be 0.89, 1.43, 1.03, respectively, while those for CD4, C2D4, and C2D2 were found to be smaller; 0.63, 0.86, and 0.79, respectively. The HD yield ratio for CH2D2 was 1.76. The presence of the isotope effects both in the rate constants and the yields suggests that electronic-to-electronic energy transfer processes and abstractive processes are competing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Umemoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.
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36
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Moses JI, Fouchet T, Bézard B, Gladstone GR, Lellouch E, Feuchtgruber H. Photochemistry and diffusion in Jupiter's stratosphere: Constraints from ISO observations and comparisons with other giant planets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Moses
- Lunar and Planetary Institute; Houston Texas USA
| | - T. Fouchet
- LESIA; Observatoire de Paris; Meudon France
- Université Paris 6; Paris France
| | - B. Bézard
- LESIA; Observatoire de Paris; Meudon France
| | - G. R. Gladstone
- Space Sciences Department; Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | | | - H. Feuchtgruber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik; Garching Germany
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37
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Pimentel AS, Payne WA, Nesbitt FL, Cody RJ, Stief LJ. Rate Constant for the Reaction H + C2H5 at T = 150−295 K. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040204s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André S. Pimentel
- Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, and Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Walter A. Payne
- Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, and Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Fred L. Nesbitt
- Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, and Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Regina J. Cody
- Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, and Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
| | - Louis J. Stief
- Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, and Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
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Phifer CC, Thomes WJ, Simmons-Potter K, Potter BG. Vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy of poly(methylphenylsilylene). J Chem Phys 2004; 120:1613-6. [PMID: 15268288 DOI: 10.1063/1.1633252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first vacuum-ultraviolet spectrum of a polysilylene (chain-type polysilane) with aromatic substituents is presented. Assignments of the absorption bands of the model compound poly(methylphenylsilylene) are based on previous experimental data and theoretical electronic band structure calculations for poly(alkylsilylenes) and on ultraviolet spectra of phenyl-containing monomers and polymers. Although aryl orbitals mix with the sigma-conjugated orbitals located along the catenated silicon backbone, some transitions are largely localized on the phenyl groups. These assignments elucidate the nature of the bonding in polysilylenes and should be useful in understanding photodegradation mechanisms and in the design of related new optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol C Phifer
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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Yoon S, Holiday RJ, Crim FF. Control of bimolecular reactions: Bond-selected reaction of vibrationally excited CH3D with Cl (2P3/2). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1591176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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40
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Umemoto H, Oku M. Production Yields of H(D) Atoms in the Reactions of N2(a′1Σu−) with H2O, D2O, and HOD. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
We discuss experiments on the dynamics of photodissociation that employ methods to select the energy, sometimes quantum states, of the reactant and to determine the quantum states and energy, sometimes also the orientation and alignment, of products. A summary of new advances of experimental methods is followed by applications to photodissociation of various types. Representative examples of simple bond fission, molecular elimination, and three-body dissociation with determined electronic states-sometimes the orientation of their angular momentum-of product atoms or distributions of electronic and internal states of product molecules illustrate the detailed information and insight that one can derive from such experiments. Photodissociation of van der Waals complexes, ions, species adsorbed on surfaces, and species in solution is excluded from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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42
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Umemoto H, Ozeki R, Ueda M, Oku M. Reactions of N2(a′ 1Σu−) with H2, CH4, and their isotopic variants: Rate constants and the production yields of H(D) atoms. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1502642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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43
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Läuter A, Lee K, Jung K, Vatsa R, Mittal J, Volpp HR. Absolute primary H atom quantum yield measurements in the 193.3 and 121.6 nm photodissociation of acetylene. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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