1
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Ayala-Orozco C, Galvez-Aranda D, Corona A, Seminario JM, Rangel R, Myers JN, Tour JM. Molecular jackhammers eradicate cancer cells by vibronic-driven action. Nat Chem 2024; 16:456-465. [PMID: 38114816 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Through the actuation of vibronic modes in cell-membrane-associated aminocyanines, using near-infrared light, a distinct type of molecular mechanical action can be exploited to rapidly kill cells by necrosis. Vibronic-driven action (VDA) is distinct from both photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy as its mechanical effect on the cell membrane is not abrogated by inhibitors of reactive oxygen species and it does not induce thermal killing. Subpicosecond concerted whole-molecule vibrations of VDA-induced mechanical disruption can be achieved using very low concentrations (500 nM) of aminocyanines or low doses of light (12 J cm-2, 80 mW cm-2 for 2.5 min), resulting in complete eradication of human melanoma cells in vitro. Also, 50% tumour-free efficacy in mouse models for melanoma was achieved. The molecules that destroy cell membranes through VDA have been termed molecular jackhammers because they undergo concerted whole-molecule vibrations. Given that a cell is unlikely to develop resistance to such molecular mechanical forces, molecular jackhammers present an alternative modality for inducing cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Galvez-Aranda
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arnoldo Corona
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge M Seminario
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Roberto Rangel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, NanoCarbon Center, Smalley-Curl Institute and The Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Laboe M, Lahiri J, Mohan T M N, Liang F, Levine BG, Beck WF, Dantus M. Linear and Nonlinear Optical Processes Controlling S 2 and S 1 Dual Fluorescence in Cyanine Dyes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9770-9784. [PMID: 34747598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the changes in the dual fluorescence of two cyanine dyes IR144 and IR140 as a function of viscosity and probe their internal conversion dynamics from S2 to S1 via their dependence on a femtosecond laser pulse chirp. Steady-state and time-resolved measurements performed in methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol solutions are presented. Quantum calculations reveal the presence of three excited states responsible for the experimental observations. Above the first excited state, we find an excited state, which we designate as S1', that relaxes to the S1 minimum, and we find that the S2 state has two stable configurations. Chirp-dependence measurements, aided by numerical simulations, reveal how internal conversion from S2 to S1 depends on solvent viscosity and pulse duration. By combining solvent viscosity, transform-limited pulses, and chirped pulses, we obtain an overall change in the S2/S1 population ratio of a factor of 86 and 55 for IR144 and IR140, respectively. The increase in the S2/S1 ratio is explained by a two-photon transition to a higher excited state. The ability to maximize the population of higher excited states by delaying or bypassing nonradiative relaxation may lead to the increased efficiency of photochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann Laboe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jurick Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Nila Mohan T M
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Fangchun Liang
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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3
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Kumar Das D, Makhal K, Goswami D. Observing ground state vibrational coherence and excited state relaxation dynamics of a cyanine dye in pure solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13400-13411. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a degenerate pump probe technique at 800 nm, Ground State Vibrational Coherence (GSVC) of a cyanine dye (IR780) is explored in various solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur – 208016
- India
| | - Krishnandu Makhal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur – 208016
- India
| | - Debabrata Goswami
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur – 208016
- India
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4
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Venkatesh Y, Venkatesan M, Ramakrishna B, Bangal PR. Ultrafast Time-Resolved Emission and Absorption Spectra of meso-Pyridyl Porphyrins upon Soret Band Excitation Studied by Fluorescence Up-Conversion and Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9410-21. [PMID: 27494567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of ultrafast molecular relaxation processes of isomeric meso-(pyridyl) porphyrins (TpyPs) has been carried out by using femtosecond time-resolved emission and absorption spectroscopic techniques upon pumping at 400 nm, Soret band (B band or S2), in 4:1 dichloromethane (DCM) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent mixture. By combined studies of fluorescence up-conversion, time-correlated single photon counting, and transient absorption spectroscopic techniques, a complete model with different microscopic rate constants associated with elementary processes involved in electronic manifolds has been reported. Besides, a distinct coherent nuclear wave packet motion in Qy state is observed at low-frequency mode, ca. 26 cm(-1) region. Fluorescence up-conversion studies constitute ultrafast time-resolved emission spectra (TRES) over the whole emission range (430-710 nm) starting from S2 state to Qx state via Qy state. Careful analysis of time profiles of up-converted signals at different emission wavelengths helps to reveal detail molecular dynamics. The observed lifetimes are as indicated: A very fast decay component with 80 ± 20 fs observed at ∼435 nm is assigned to the lifetime of S2 (B) state, whereas being a rise component in the region of between 550 and 710 nm emission wavelength pertaining to Qy and Qx states, it is attributed to very fast internal conversion (IC) occurring from B → Qy and B → Qx as well. Two distinct components of Qy emission decay with ∼200-300 fs and ∼1-1.5 ps time constants are due to intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) induced by solute-solvent inelastic collisions and vibrational redistribution induced by solute-solvent elastic collision, respectively. The weighted average of these two decay components is assigned as the characteristic lifetime of Qy, and it ranges between 0.3 and 0.5 ps. An additional ∼20 ± 2 ps rise component is observed in Qx emission, and it is assigned to the formation time of thermally equilibrated Qx state by vibrational cooling/relaxations of excess energy within solvent. This relaxed Qx state decays to ground as well as triplet state by 7-8 ns time scale. The femtosecond transient absorption studies of TpyPs in three different excitations at S2 (400 nm), Qy (515 nm), and Qx (590 nm) along with extensive global and target model analysis of TA data exclusively generate the true spectra of each excited species/state with their respective lifetimes along with microscopic rate constants associated with each state. The following five exponential components with lifetime values of 65-70 fs, ∼0.3-0.5 ps, ∼20 ± 2 ps, ∼7 ± 1 ns, and 1-2 μs are observed which are associated with S2, Qy, hot Qx, thermally relaxed Qx, and lowest triplet (T1) states, respectively, when excited at S2, and four (Qy, hot Qx, thermally relaxed Qx, and lowest triplet (T1) states) and three (hot Qx, thermally relaxed Qx, and lowest triplet (T1) states) states are obtained when excited at 515 nm (Qy) and 590 nm (Qx), respectively, as expected. The TA results parallel the fluorescence up-conversion studies, and both the results not only compliment each other but also unveil the ultrafast internal conversion from S2 to Qy, S2 to Qx, and Qy to Qx for all three isomers in a similar fashion with nearly equal characteristic decay times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeduru Venkatesh
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , 2-Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - M Venkatesan
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - B Ramakrishna
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Prakriti Ranjan Bangal
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , 2-Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
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5
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Nuernberger P, Ruetzel S, Brixner T. Multidimensionale elektronische Spektroskopie photochemischer Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Nuernberger P, Ruetzel S, Brixner T. Multidimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of Photochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11368-86. [PMID: 26382095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Coherent multidimensional electronic spectroscopy can be employed to unravel various channels in molecular chemical reactions. This approach is thus not limited to analysis of energy transfer or charge transfer (i.e. processes from photophysics), but can also be employed in situations where the investigated system undergoes permanent structural changes (i.e. in photochemistry). Photochemical model reactions are discussed by using the example of merocyanine/spiropyran-based molecular switches, which show a rich variety of reaction channels, in particular ring opening and ring closing, cis-trans isomerization, coherent vibrational wave-packet motion, radical ion formation, and population relaxation. Using pump-probe, pump-repump-probe, coherent two-dimensional and three-dimensional, triggered-exchange 2D, and quantum-control spectroscopy, we gain intuitive pictures on which product emerges from which reactant and which reactive molecular modes are associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nuernberger
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Stefan Ruetzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany).
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7
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Das DK, Makhal K, Bandyopadhyay SN, Goswami D. Direct observation of coherent oscillations in solution due to microheterogeneous environment. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6097. [PMID: 25130204 PMCID: PMC4135331 DOI: 10.1038/srep06097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report, for the first time, direct observation of coherent oscillations in the ground-state of IR775 dye due to microheterogeneous environment. Using ultrafast near-infrared degenerate pump-probe technique centered at 800 nm, we present the dynamics of IR775 in a binary mixture of methanol and chloroform at ultra-short time resolution of 30 fs. The dynamics of the dye in binary mixtures, in a time-scale of a few fs to ~740 ps, strongly varies as a function of solvent composition (volume fraction). Multi-oscillation behavior of the coherent vibration was observed, which increased with decreasing percentage of methanol in the dye mixture. Maximum number of damped oscillations were observed in 20% methanol. The observed vibrational wavepacket motion in the ground-state is periodic in nature. We needed two cosine functions to fit the coherent oscillation data as two different solvents were used. Dynamics of the dye molecule in binary mixtures can be explained by wavepacket motion in the ground potential energy surface. More is the confinement of the dye molecule in binary mixtures, more is the number of damped oscillations. The vibrational cooling time, τ₂, increases with increase in the confinement of the system. The observed wavepacket oscillations in ground-state dynamics continued until 1.6 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnandu Makhal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Debabrata Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Konar A, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Solvent Environment Revealed by Positively Chirped Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:924-928. [PMID: 26274090 DOI: 10.1021/jz500291h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The spectroscopy of large organic molecules and biomolecules in solution has been investigated using various time-resolved and frequency-resolved techniques. Of particular interest is the early response of the molecule and the solvent, which is difficult to study due to the ambiguity in assigning and differentiating inter- and intramolecular contributions to the electronic and vibrational populations and coherence. Our measurements compare the yield of fluorescence and stimulated emission for two laser dyes IR144 and IR125 as a function of chirp. While negatively chirped pulses are insensitive to solvent viscosity, positively chirped pulses are found to be uniquely sensitive probes of solvent viscosity. The fluorescence maximum for IR125 is observed near transform-limited pulses; however, for IR144, it is observed for positively chirped pulses once the pulses have been stretched to hundreds of femtoseconds. We conclude that chirped pulse spectroscopy is a simple one-beam method that is sensitive to early solvation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Konar
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Vadim V Lozovoy
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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9
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Mooney J, Saari JI, Myers Kelley A, Krause MM, Walsh BR, Kambhampati P. Control of Phonons in Semiconductor Nanocrystals via Femtosecond Pulse Chirp-Influenced Wavepacket Dynamics and Polarization. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15651-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406323f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mooney
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan I. Saari
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Myers Kelley
- Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, University of California at Merced, Merced, California, United States
| | - Michael M. Krause
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brenna R. Walsh
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Caram JR, Fidler AF, Engel GS. Excited and ground state vibrational dynamics revealed by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:024507. [PMID: 22803547 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) can assist in understanding complex electronic and vibrational signatures. In this paper, we use 2DES to examine the electronic structure and dynamics of a long chain cyanine dye (1,1-diethyl-4,4-dicarbocyanine iodide, or DDCI-4), a system with a vibrational progression. Using broadband pulses that span the resonant electronic transition, we measure two-dimensional spectra that show a characteristic six peak pattern from coherently excited ground and excited state vibrational modes. We model these features using a spectral density formalism and the vibronic features are assigned to Feynman pathways. We also examine the dynamics of a particular set of peaks demonstrating anticorrelated peak motion, a signature of oscillatory wavepacket dynamics on the ground and excited states. These dynamics, in concert with the general structure of vibronic two-dimensional spectra, can be used to distinguish between pure electronic and vibrational quantum coherences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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11
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Konar A, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Solvation Stokes-Shift Dynamics Studied by Chirped Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:2458-2464. [PMID: 26292133 DOI: 10.1021/jz300761x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The early optical dynamic response, resulting population, and electronic coherence are investigated experimentally and modeled theoretically for IR144 in solution. The fluorescence and stimulated emission response are studied systematically as a function of chirp. The magnitude of the chirp effect on fluorescence and stimulated emission is found to depend quadratically on pulse energy, even where excitation probabilities range from 0.02 to 5%, in the so-called "linear excitation regime". Interestingly, the shape of the chirp dependence on fluorescence and stimulated emission is found to be independent of pulse energy. The chirp dependence reveals dynamics related to solvent rearrangement following excitation and also depends on electronic relaxation of the chromophore. The experimental results are successfully simulated using a four-level model in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening of the electronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Konar
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Vadim V Lozovoy
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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12
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Sakaibara H, Ikegaya Y, Katayama I, Takeda J. Single-shot time-frequency imaging spectroscopy using an echelon mirror. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:1118-1120. [PMID: 22446244 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate single-shot time-frequency imaging spectroscopy with an echelon mirror for measuring ultrashort laser pulses as well as ultrafast responses of materials using the same optical setup. The echelon mirror produces a spatially encoded time delay for the probe pulse whereby both the probe and pump pulses are focused on samples with small spot size. Using the optical Kerr gate apparatus, we successfully mapped the time-frequency images of ultrashort laser pulses and subsequently evaluated the chirp characteristics with the phase-retrieval procedure on a single-shot basis. By simply replacing the Kerr medium with samples, we could also visualize the phonon-polariton oscillations in ferroelectric LiNbO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sakaibara
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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13
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Hauer J, Buckup T, Motzkus M. Quantum control spectroscopy of vibrational modes: Comparison of control scenarios for ground and excited states in β-carotene. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Tiwari AK, Møller KB, Henriksen NE. Controlling the spreading of wave packets of a dissociating molecule. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Ishida K, Aiga F, Misawa K. Nonlinear optical response of wave packets on quantized potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:194304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2805091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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16
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Fainberg BD, Gorbunov VA. Adiabatic Passage in a Three-State System with Non-Markovian Relaxation: The Role of Excited-State Absorption and Two-Exciton Processes. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:9560-9. [PMID: 17803286 DOI: 10.1021/jp0728611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The influence of excited-state absorption (ESA) and two-exciton processes on a coherent population transfer with intense ultrashort chirped pulses in molecular systems in solution has been studied. A unified treatment of adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) in such systems has been developed using a three-state electronic system with relaxation treated as a diffusion on electronic potential energy surfaces. We have shown that ESA has a profound effect on coherent population transfer in large molecules that necessitates a more accurate interpretation of experimental data. A simple and physically clear model for ARP in molecules with three electronic states in solution has been developed by extending the Landau-Zener calculations putting in a third level to random crossing of levels. A method for quantum control of two-exciton states in molecular complexes has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Fainberg
- Faculty of Sciences, Physics Department, Holon Institute of Technology, 52 Golomb Street, Holon 58102, Israel.
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17
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Florean AC, Carroll EC, Spears KG, Sension RJ, Bucksbaum PH. Optical control of excited-state vibrational coherences of a molecule in solution: The influence of the excitation pulse spectrum and phase in LD690. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:20023-31. [PMID: 17020390 DOI: 10.1021/jp0627628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spectral and phase shaping of femtosecond laser pulses is used to selectively excite vibrational wave packets on the ground (S0) and excited (S1) electronic states in the laser dye LD690. The transient absorption signals observed following excitation near the peak of the ground-state absorption spectrum are characterized by a dominant 586 cm(-1) vibrational mode. This vibration is assigned to a wave packet on the S0 potential energy surface. When the excitation pulse is tuned to the blue wing of the absorption spectrum, a lower frequency 568 cm(-1) vibration dominates the response. This lower frequency mode is assigned to a vibrational wave packet on the S1 electronic state. The spectrum and phase of the excitation pulse also influence both the dephasing of the vibrational wave packet and the amplitude profiles of the oscillations as a function of probe wavelength. Excitation by blue-tuned, positively chirped pulses slows the apparent dephasing of the vibrational coherences compared with a transform-limited pulse having the same spectrum. Blue-tuned negatively chirped excitation pulses suppress the observation of coherent oscillations in the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Florean
- FOCUS Center, Randall Laboratory, 450 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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18
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Nuernberger P, Vogt G, Brixner T, Gerber G. Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2470-97. [PMID: 17508081 DOI: 10.1039/b618760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the progress in controlling quantum dynamical processes in the condensed phase with femtosecond laser pulses. Due to its high particle density the condensed phase has both high relevance and appeal for chemical synthesis. Thus, in recent years different methods have been developed to manipulate the dynamics of condensed-phase systems by changing one or multiple laser pulse parameters. Single-parameter control is often achieved by variation of the excitation pulse's wavelength, its linear chirp or its temporal subpulse separation in case of pulse sequences. Multiparameter control schemes are more flexible and provide a much larger parameter space for an optimal solution. This is realized in adaptive femtosecond quantum control, in which the optimal solution is iteratively obtained through the combination of an experimental feedback signal and an automated learning algorithm. Several experiments are presented that illustrate the different control concepts and highlight their broad applicability. These fascinating achievements show the continuous progress on the way towards the control of complex quantum reactions in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nuernberger
- Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Matsumoto Y, Watanabe K. Coherent Vibrations of Adsorbates Induced by Femtosecond Laser Excitation. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4234-60. [PMID: 17031985 DOI: 10.1021/cr050165w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Matsumoto
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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20
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Nuernberger P, Vogt G, Gerber G, Improta R, Santoro F. Femtosecond study on the isomerization dynamics of NK88. I. Ground-state dynamics after photoexcitation. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:44512. [PMID: 16942161 DOI: 10.1063/1.2210482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, optimal control of a photoisomerization reaction in the liquid phase was demonstrated for the first time on the system 3,3(')-diethyl-2,2(')-thiacyanine (NK88). Additionally, the class of cyanines to which the molecule NK88 belongs draws a lot of attention in different recent theoretical publications. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular dynamics of this molecular system is of special interest. Experiments using the femtosecond pump-supercontinuum probe technique with an excitation wavelength of 400 nm and a spectral range from 370 to 620 nm for the probe beam have been performed. In order to analyze the dynamics properly the time window has been chosen to comprise the characteristic times of the contributing processes, additionally we have employed two solvents, methanol and ethylene glycol, and have conducted anisotropy measurements. The spectroscopic data have been assigned to different molecular states with the help of density functional theory and second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory calculations. The analysis of the data has revealed in the most likely model that three different isomers exist with different lifetimes. On the basis of experimental and theoretical data, a conclusive scheme of the isomerization reaction is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nuernberger
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Vogt G, Nuernberger P, Gerber G, Improta R, Santoro F. Femtosecond study on the isomerization dynamics of NK88. II. Excited-state dynamics. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:44513. [PMID: 16942162 DOI: 10.1063/1.2210939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecule 3,3(')-diethyl-2,2(')-thiacyanine isomerizes after irradiation with light of the proper wavelength. After excitation, it undergoes a transition, in which one or more conical intersections are involved, back to the ground state to form different product photoisomers. The dynamics before and directly after the transition back to the ground state is investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy in a wavelength region of 360-950 nm, as well as by fluorescence upconversion. It is shown that the excited-state dynamics are governed by two time scales: a short one with a decay time of less than 2 ps and a long one with about 9 ps. A thorough comparison of the experimental results with those of configuration interaction singles and time-dependent density functional theory calculations suggests that these dynamics are related to two competing pathways differing in the molecular twisting on the excited surface after photoexcitation. From the experimental point of view this picture arises taking into account the time scales for ground-state bleach, excited-state absorption, stimulated emission, fluorescence, and assumed hot ground-state absorption both in the solvent methanol and ethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Vogt
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Gelman D, Kosloff R. Minimizing broadband excitation under dissipative conditions. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:234506. [PMID: 16392930 DOI: 10.1063/1.2136155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal control theory is employed for the task of minimizing the excited-state population of a dye molecule in solution. The spectrum of the excitation pulse is contained completely in the absorption band of the molecule. Only phase control is studied which is equivalent to optimizing the transmission of the pulse through the medium. The molecular model explicitly includes two electronic states and a single vibrational mode. The other degrees of freedom are classified as bath modes. The surrogate Hamiltonian method is employed to incorporate these bath degrees of freedom. Their influence can be classified as electronic dephasing and vibrational relaxation. In accordance with experimental results, minimal excitation is associated with a negatively chirped pulses. Optimal pulses with more complex transient structure are found to be superior to linearly chirped pulses. The difference is enhanced when the fluence is increased. The improvement degrades when dissipative effects become more dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gelman
- Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Abstract
This critical review is intended to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in femtosecond laser technology and recent applications in ultrafast gas phase chemical dynamics. Although "femtochemistry" is not a new subject, there have been some tremendous advances in experimental techniques during the last few years. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ultrafast electron diffraction have enabled us to observe molecular dynamics through a wider window. Attosecond laser sources, which have so far only been exploited in atomic physics, have the potential to probe chemical dynamics on an even faster timescale and observe the motions of electrons. Huge progress in pulse shaping and pulse characterisation methodology is paving the way for exciting new advances in the field of coherent control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Carley
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Watanabe K, Takagi N, Matsumoto Y. Mode-selective excitation of coherent surface phonons on alkali-covered metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2697-700. [PMID: 16189581 DOI: 10.1039/b507128c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the mode-selective excitation of coherent phonons at Pt(111) surfaces covered with submonolayer caesium atoms. A burst of 150 fs laser pulses with the repetition rate of 2.0-2.9 THz was synthesized by using a spatial-light modulator, and used for the coherent surface phonon excitation. The coherent nuclear motion was monitored by time-resolved second harmonic generation. By tuning the repetition rate, we succeeded in controlling the relative amplitude of the vibrational coherence of the Cs-Pt stretching mode (2.3-2.4 THz) to that of the Pt surface Rayleigh phonon mode (2.6 or 2.9 THz, depending on the Cs coverage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Watanabe
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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Yabushita A, Fuji T, Kobayashi T. Nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses in cyanine dye solution investigated by SHG FROG. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Femtosecond Coherent Spectroscopic Study of Zn(II)porphyrin Using Chirped Ultrashort Pulses. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2003.24.8.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Reid GD, Whittaker DJ, Roth W, Whitaker BJ, Williamson MJI, Beddard GS. Excited state dynamics and rapid internal conversion in a stable dipole molecule. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2003; 2:585-90. [PMID: 12803082 DOI: 10.1039/b301728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excited singlet state of an azomethine ylide or 'stable dipole' exhibits an ultrafast radiationless relaxation after femtosecond laser excitation. These transients are observed before the excited state decays in an almost activationless manner, the barrier is 440 cm-1, to the ground state with a 1.5 ps lifetime. Cooling of the hot ground state is also apparent in the transient absorption data and in methanol decays with a 5.7 ps lifetime. The viscosity dependence of the fluorescence yield and lifetime in different solvents is small and far less pronounced than in triphenylmethane dyes. Surprisingly, the excited state decay is not due to twisting about the C-N bond of the ylide but it is caused by buckling of one of the rings as the nitrogen atom changes character from sp2 to sp3 hybridisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
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Yoon MC, Jeong DH, Cho S, Kim D, Rhee H, Joo T. Ultrafast transient dynamics of Zn(II) porphyrins: Observation of vibrational coherence by controlling chirp of femtosecond pulses. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1524175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Fainberg BD, Gorbunov VA. Coherent population transfer in molecules coupled with a dissipative environment by an intense ultrashort chirped pulse. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1505869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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31
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Fainberg BD, Narbaev V. Chirped pulse excitation in condensed phases involving intramolecular modes. II. Absorption spectrum. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1446042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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32
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Fainberg BD, Narbaev B. Solvent-Controlled Theory Analysis of Chirped Pulse Excitation of Molecules in Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. D. Fainberg
- Holon Academic Institute of Technology, Department of Exact Sciences, 52 Golomb Street, Holon 58102, Israel, and Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - B. Narbaev
- Holon Academic Institute of Technology, Department of Exact Sciences, 52 Golomb Street, Holon 58102, Israel, and Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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