Vibration–rotation transfer in molecular super rotors

Direct observation of coherence transfer and rotational-to-vibrational energy exchange in optically centrifuged CO2 super-rotors

Optical centrifuges are laser-based molecular traps that can rotationally accelerate molecules to energies rivalling or exceeding molecular bond energies. Here we report time and frequency-resolved ultrafast coherent Raman measurements of optically centrifuged CO₂ at 380 Torr spun to energies beyond its bond dissociation energy of 5.5 eV (J_max = 364, E_rot = 6.14 eV, E_rot/k_B = 71, 200 K). The entire rotational ladder from J = 24 to J = 364 was resolved simultaneously which enabled a more accurate measurement of the centrifugal distortion constants for CO₂. Remarkably, coherence transfer was directly observed, and time-resolved, during the field-free relaxation of the trap as rotational energy flowed into bending-mode vibrational excitation. Vibrationally excited CO₂ (ν₂ > 3) was observed in the time-resolved spectra to populate after 3 mean collision times as a result of rotational-to-vibrational (R-V) energy transfer. Trajectory simulations show an optimal range of J for R-V energy transfer. Dephasing rates for molecules rotating up to 5.5 times during one collision were quantified. Very slow decays of the vibrational hot band rotational coherences suggest that they are sustained by coherence transfer and line mixing.