1
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Ruan M, Liu QY, Zhao YX, Wei GP, Zhao XG, Li Q, He SG. Pyrolysis of Mass-Selected (V 2O 5) NO − ( N = 1−6) Clusters in a High-Temperature Linear Ion Trap Reactor. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:114301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-temperature linear ion trap that can stably run up to 873 K was newly designed and installed into a homemade reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with a laser ablation cluster source and a quadrupole mass filter. The instrument was used to study the pyrolysis behavior of mass-selected (V2O5) NO− ( N = 1−6) cluster anions and the dissociation channels were clarified with atomistic precision. Similar to the dissociation behavior of the heated metal oxide cluster cations reported in literature, the desorption of either atomic oxygen atom or molecular O2 prevailed for the (V2O5) NO− clusters with N = 2−5 at 873 K. However, novel dissociation channels involving fragmentation of (V2O5) NO− to small-sized V xO y− anions concurrent with the release of neutral vanadium oxide species were identified for the clusters with N = 3−6. Significant variations of branching ratios for different dissociation channels were observed as a function of cluster size. The kinetic studies indicate that the dissociation rates of (V2O5) NO− monotonically increased with the increase of cluster size. The internal energies carried by the (V2O5) NO− clusters at 873 K as well as the energetics data for dissociation channels have been theoretically calculated to rationalize the experimental observations. The decomposition behavior of vanadium oxide clusters from this study can provide new insights into the pyrolysis mechanism of metal oxide nanoparticles that are widely used in high temperature catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ruan
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xi-Guan Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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2
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Probing the Structural, Electronic and Adsorptive Properties of $${{\text{V}}_{\text{n}}}{{{\text{O}}}^{-}}\boldsymbol{ }\text{(n}$$ = 10–15) Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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3
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Pei W, Wang P, Zhou S, Zhao J. Inverse Design of Nanoclusters for Light-Controlled CO 2-HCOOH Interconversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2523-2532. [PMID: 35285226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With global push of hydrogen economy, efficient scenarios for hydrogen storage, transportation, and generation are indispensable. Here we devise a strategy for controllable hydrogen fuel storage and retrieval via light-switched CO2-to-HCOOH interconversion. To realize it, palladium sulfide nanocluster catalysts with multiple specific functionalities are directly searched by our home-developed inverse design approach based on genetic algorithm (IDOGA) and ab initio calculations. Over 500 low-energy PdxSy (x + y ≤ 30) clusters are sieved through a multiobjective function combining stability, activity, optical absorption, and reduction capability of photocarriers. The structure-property relationships and key factors governing the trade-off among these stringent criteria are disclosed. Finally, 14 candidate PdxSy clusters with proper sulfidation degree and high stability in an aqueous environment have been screened. Our IDOGA program provides a general approach for inverse search of nanoclusters with any designated elemental compositions and functionalities for any device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pei
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
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4
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Archambault P, Wei Y, Peslherbe GH. Density-functional theory studies of vanadium oxide clusters and their cations. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Eckhard JF, Masubuchi T, Tschurl M, Barnett RN, Landman U, Heiz U. Room-Temperature Methane Activation Mediated by Free Tantalum Cluster Cations: Size-by-Size Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5289-5302. [PMID: 34128681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of small cationic tantalum clusters and their gas-phase adsorption and dehydrogenation reaction pathways with methane are investigated with ion-trap experiments and spin-density-functional-theory calculations. Tan+ clusters are exposed to methane under multicollision conditions in a cryogenic ring electrode ion-trap. The cluster size affects the reaction efficiency and the number of consecutively dehydrogenated methane molecules. Small clusters (n = 1-4) dehydrogenate CH4 and concurrently eliminate H2, while larger clusters (n > 4) demonstrate only molecular adsorption of methane. Unique behavior is found for the Ta+ cation, which dehydrogenates consecutively up to four CH4 molecules and is predicted theoretically to promote formation of a [Ta(CH2-CH2-CH2)(CH2)]+ product, exhibiting C-C coupled groups. Underlying mechanisms, including reaction-enhancing couplings between potential energy surfaces of different spin-multiplicities, are uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Eckhard
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tsugunosuke Masubuchi
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Tschurl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Robert N Barnett
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie, Chemistry Department & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Zhang H, Cui C, Yan M, Geng L, Wu H, Jia Y, Luo Z, Li SD. An oxygen-passivated vanadium cluster [V@V10O15]− with metal–metal coordination produced by reacting Vn− with O2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:921-927. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05385f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An oxygen-passivated vanadium cluster [V@V10O15]− is reported by reacting Vn− with O2, giving rise to superatom features of metal–metal coordination and 3D aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chaonan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Miao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Haiming Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yuhan Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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7
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Wensink FJ, Münst MG, Heller J, Ončák M, Bakker JM, van der Linde C. IR multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of MO2+ (M = V, Nb, Ta). J Chem Phys 2020; 153:171101. [PMID: 33167645 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A laser vaporization cluster source is coupled to the Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer beamline of the free-electron laser for intracavity experiments. Gas phase metal ions and their oxides (VO2 +, NbO2 +, and TaO2 +) are formed and spectroscopically characterized using IR multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy via loss of atomic oxygen and overcoming fragmentation energies of 3 eV-6 eV. The signal is observed for all MO2 + fundamental modes: the symmetric and anti-symmetric ν1 and ν3 stretch modes in the 900 cm-1-1000 cm-1 range and the ν2 bending mode in the 300 cm-1-450 cm-1 range. A remarkable substructure is observed for the bending vibration, which is at least partly due to the rovibrational substructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Wensink
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian G. Münst
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Heller
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gui-duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zi-yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Merriles DM, Sevy A, Nielson C, Morse MD. The bond dissociation energy of VO measured by resonant three-photon ionization spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:024303. [PMID: 32668947 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The predissociation threshold of VO has been measured using resonant three-photon ionization (R3PI) spectroscopy. Given the high density of electronic states in the molecule, it is argued that the molecule dissociates rapidly as soon as the thermochemical bond dissociation energy (BDE) is exceeded, allowing the measured predissociation threshold to be assigned as the BDE. This is the first time a BDE has been measured using the R3PI method. The first photon is provided by an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser that promotes VO into a high-energy, discrete vibronic state. A tunable dye laser then excites the molecule further to a resonant state close to the dissociation limit where there is a quasi-continuum of states. A second photon from the same dye laser pulse ionizes the molecule, generating VO+ ions. The dye laser is then scanned to higher energies, and when the energy of one OPO photon plus one dye photon exceeds the BDE, the molecule dissociates before another dye photon can be absorbed to induce ionization. The combined photon energy at the sharp drop in the ion signal is assigned as the BDE. The experiment has been repeated using four different intermediate states, all yielding the same BDE, D0(VO) = 6.545(2) eV. Using thermochemical cycles, a revised value for the BDE of cationic VO is obtained, D0(V+-O) = 6.053(2) eV. The 0 K enthalpy of formation for VO(g) is also derived as ΔfH0K 0VO(g) = 128.6(1.0) kJ mol-1. Previous spectroscopic and thermochemical studies of VO are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota M Merriles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Andrew Sevy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Christopher Nielson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Michael D Morse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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10
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Kaur N, Gupta S, Goel N. Understanding structure-activity relation in V xO y clusters of varied stoichiometry and sizes through conceptual density functional approach. J Mol Model 2019; 25:319. [PMID: 31598882 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Computations have been performed on VxOy clusters (with x = 1-8, y = 1-21) to explore their structure, stability, and reactivity based on local and global reactivity descriptors defined within the formalism of density functional theory (DFT). The vertical and adiabatic ionization energies and electron affinities are in accordance with Franck-Condon principle and suggest that the VxOy clusters are more likely to be electron acceptors than donors. The structure and reactivity of VxOy clusters delicately depend on their oxygen content and environment. Distinct active sites have been identified for each cluster species on the basis of coordination, symmetry, and charge distribution. The propensity of all the reactive sites towards an approaching electrophile and/or nucleophile has been studied using local reactivity descriptor. In oxygen-poor clusters, the vanadium atoms are more prone to nucleophilic attack. With an increase in oxygen concentration, the coordination number of vanadium increases and reaches four-fold, the site for nucleophilic attack shifts to terminal oxygens. We conclude that of all the stoichiometries, the stable VxOy clusters have the (VO3)a(V2O5)b formula unit. The localization of positive charge density in cubic cage structure of V8O20 successfully traps halide ions (F-, Cl-, and Br-). In view of increasing use of metal oxide clusters in heterogeneous catalysis, the understanding of structure-activity relationship in vanadium oxides' clusters provided in the current study is highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shuchi Gupta
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Neetu Goel
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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11
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Lasserus M, Schnedlitz M, Messner R, Lackner F, Ernst WE, Hauser AW. Vanadium(V) oxide clusters synthesized by sublimation from bulk under fully inert conditions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3473-3480. [PMID: 30996937 PMCID: PMC6432649 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05699d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
While laser ablation in combination with electron impact mass spectroscopy yield numerous fragments and reaction products, helium-mediated mass analysis reveals the sublimation from bulk in units of (V2O5)2.
Oxide nanoparticles in the size range of a few nanometers are typically synthesized in solution or via laser ablation techniques, which open numerous channels for structural change via chemical reactions or fragmentation processes. In this work, neutral vanadium oxide nanoparticles are instead synthesized by sublimation from bulk in combination with a pickup by superfluid helium droplets. Mass spectroscopy measurements clearly demonstrate the preservation of the bulk stoichiometric ratio of vanadium to oxygen in He-grown nanoparticles, indicating a tendency towards tetrahedral coordination of the vanadium centers in finite geometries. This unexpected finding opens up new possibilities for a combined on-the-fly synthesis of nanoparticles consisting of metal and metal-oxide layers. In comparison to mass spectra obtained via direct ionization of vanadium oxide in an effusive beam, where strong fragmentation occurred, we observe a clear preference for (V2O5)n oligomers with even n inside the He nanodroplets, which is further investigated and explained using the electronic structure theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lasserus
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Martin Schnedlitz
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Roman Messner
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Florian Lackner
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Wolfgang E Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Andreas W Hauser
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
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12
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Cai W, Ning H, Zhu Z, Wei J, Zhou S, Yao R, Fang Z, Huang X, Lu X, Peng J. Investigation of direct inkjet-printed versus spin-coated ZrO 2 for sputter IGZO thin film transistor. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:80. [PMID: 30838466 PMCID: PMC6401082 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a low leakage current ZrO2 was fabricated for sputter indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistor using direct inkjet-printing technology. Spin-coated and direct inkjet-printed ZrO2 were prepared to investigate the film formation process and electrical performance for different process. Homogeneous ZrO2 films were observed through the high-resolution TEM images. The chemical structure of ZrO2 films were investigated by XPS measurements. The inkjet-printed ZrO2 layer upon IGZO showed a superior performance on mobility and off state current, but a large Vth shift under positive bias stress. As a result, the TFT device based on inkjet-printed ZrO2 exhibited a saturation mobility of 12.4 cm2/Vs, an Ion/Ioff ratio of 106, a turn on voltage of 0 V and a 1.4-V Vth shift after 1-h PBS strain. Higher density films with less oxygen vacancy were responsible for low off state current for the printed ZrO2 device. The mechanism of deteriorated performance on PBS test can be ascribed to the In-rich region formed at the back channel which easily absorbs H2O and oxygen. The absorbed H2O and oxygen capture electrons under positive bias stress, serving as acceptors in TFT device. This work demonstrates the film formation process of direct inkjet-printed and spin-coated oxide films and reveals the potential of direct inkjet-printed oxide dielectric in high-performance oxide TFT device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Honglong Ning
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Zhennan Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jinglin Wei
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shangxiong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Rihui Yao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Xiuqi Huang
- Gu’an New Industry Demonstration Zone, Langfang, 065500 Hebei People’s Republic of China
| | - Xubing Lu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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13
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Zhang H, Wu H, Geng L, Jia Y, Yang M, Luo Z. Furthering the reaction mechanism of cationic vanadium clusters towards oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11234-11241. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We prepared well-resolved Vn+ clusters and clarified the reactivity with oxygen involving both etching effect and building block addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Haiming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lijun Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yuhan Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Mengzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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14
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Multiple Metal-Metal Bond or No Bond? The Electronic Structure of V 2 O 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12340-12343. [PMID: 28759144 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Detailed knowledge of the electronic structure of vanadium oxide clusters provides the basis for understanding and tuning their significant catalytic properties. However, already for the simple four-atom V2 O2 molecule, there are contradictory reports in the literature regarding the electronic ground state and a possible vanadium-vanadium bond. We herein show through a combination of experimental (matrix isolation) studies and theoretical results that there is a multiple vanadium-vanadium bond in this benchmark vanadium oxide molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Metall-Metall-Mehrfachbindung oder keine Bindung? Die elektronische Struktur von V2
O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
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16
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Masuzaki D, Nagata T, Mafuné F. Desorption of Oxygen from Cationic Niobium Oxide Clusters Revealed by Gas Phase Thermal Desorption Spectrometry and Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2079-2085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Masuzaki
- Department of Basic Science, School of
Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nagata
- Department of Basic Science, School of
Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Mafuné
- Department of Basic Science, School of
Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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17
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Kaur N, Kumari I, Gupta S, Goel N. Spin Inversion Phenomenon and Two-State Reactivity Mechanism for Direct Benzene Hydroxylation by V4O10 Cluster. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9588-9597. [PMID: 27933914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Indu Kumari
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shuchi Gupta
- University
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neetu Goel
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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18
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Moriyama R, Wu JWJ, Ohshimo K, Misaizu F. Structures of Vanadium Oxide Cluster Ions up to Nanometer Diameter Investigated by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Johnson GE, Laskin J. Understanding ligand effects in gold clusters using mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:3573-89. [PMID: 27221357 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00263c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent research on the influence of phosphine ligands on the size, stability, and reactivity of gold clusters synthesized in solution. Sub-nanometer clusters exhibit size- and composition-dependent properties that are unique from those of larger nanoparticles. The highly tunable properties of clusters and their high surface-to-volume ratio make them promising candidates for a variety of technological applications. However, because "each-atom-counts" toward defining cluster properties it is critically important to develop robust synthesis methods to efficiently prepare clusters of predetermined size. For decades phosphines have been known to direct the size-selected synthesis of gold clusters. Despite the preparation of numerous species it is still not understood how different functional groups at phosphine centers affect the size and properties of gold clusters. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) it is possible to characterize the effect of ligand substitution on the distribution of clusters formed in solution at defined reaction conditions. In addition, ligand exchange reactions on preformed clusters may be monitored using ESI-MS. Collision induced dissociation (CID) may also be employed to obtain qualitative insight into the fragmentation of mixed ligand clusters and the relative binding energies of differently substituted phosphines. Quantitative ligand binding energies and cluster stability may be determined employing surface induced dissociation (SID) in a custom-built Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) based modeling of the SID data allows dissociation energies and entropy values to be extracted. The charge reduction and reactivity of atomically precise gold clusters, including partially ligated species generated in the gas-phase by in source CID, on well-defined surfaces may be explored using ion soft landing (SL) in a custom-built instrument combined with in situ time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Jointly, this multipronged experimental approach allows characterization of the full spectrum of relevant phenomena including cluster synthesis, ligand exchange, thermochemistry, surface immobilization, and reactivity. The fundamental insights obtained from this work will facilitate the directed synthesis of gold clusters with predetermined size and properties for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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Wu JWJ, Moriyama R, Tahara H, Ohshimo K, Misaizu F. Compositions and Structures of Vanadium Oxide Cluster Ions VmOn(±) (m = 2-20) Investigated by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3788-96. [PMID: 27172006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stable compositions and geometrical structures of vanadium oxide cluster ions, VmOn(±), were investigated by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS). The most stable compositions of vanadium oxide cluster cations were (V2O4)(V2O5)(m-2)/2(+) and (VO2)(V2O5)(m-1)/2(+), depending on the clusters with even and odd numbers of vanadium atoms. Compositions one-oxygen richer than the cations, such as (V2O5)m/2(-) and (VO3)(V2O5)(m-1)/2(-), were predominantly observed for cluster anions. Assignments of these stable cluster ion compositions, which were determined as a result of collision-induced dissociations in IM-MS, can partly be explained with consideration of spin density distribution. By comparing the experimental collision cross sections (CCSs) obtained from ion mobility measurement with CCSs of the theoretically calculated structures, we confirmed the patterned growth of geometrical structures partially discussed in previous theoretical and spectroscopic studies. We showed that even sized (V2O5)m/2(±) where m = 6-12 had right polygonal prism structures except for the anionic V12O30(-), and for the clusters of odd numbers of vanadium m, cations and anions can either have bridged or pyramid structures. Both of the odd sized structures proposed were derivatives from the even sized right polygonal prism structures. The exception, V12O30(-), which had a CCS almost equal to that of the neighboring smaller V11O28(-), should have a structure of higher density than the right hexagonal prism, in which it was proposed to be a captured pyramid structure, derived from V11O28(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna W J Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ohshimo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University , 41 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Fuminori Misaizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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21
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22
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Ding XL, Wang D, Li RJ, Liao HL, Zhang Y, Zhang HY. Adsorption of a single gold or silver atom on vanadium oxide clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9497-503. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The single Au atom can be adsorbed on both V and O sites of vanadium oxide clusters with quite large binding energies, illustrating the stabilization of noble atoms in single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Lei Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Rui-Jie Li
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Heng-Lu Liao
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Research Center for Ecological Engineering and Nonlinear Science
| | - Hua-Yong Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Research Center for Ecological Engineering and Nonlinear Science
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23
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Wang LF, Xie L, Fang HL, Li YF, Zhang XB, Wang B, Zhang YF, Huang X. On the structural and electronic properties of hexanuclear vanadium oxide clusters V6On(-/0) (n=12-15): is V6O12 cluster planar or cage-like? SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 131:446-454. [PMID: 24835948 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to investigate the structural and electronic properties of a series of hexanuclear vanadium oxide clusters V6On(-/0) (n=12-15). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES) for V6On(-) (n=12-15) clusters. Extensive DFT calculations are performed in search of the lowest-energy structures for both the anions and neutrals. All of these clusters appear to prefer the polyhedral cage structures, in contrast to the planar star-like structures observed in prior model surface studies for the V6O12 cluster. Molecular orbitals are performed to analyze the chemical bonding in the hexanuclear vanadium oxide clusters and provide insights into the sequential oxidation of V6On(-) (n=12-15) clusters. The V6On(-) (n=12-15) clusters possess well-defined V(5+) and V(3+) sites, and may serve as molecular models for surface defects. Electron spin density analyses show that the unpaired electrons in V6On(-) (n=12-14) clusters are primarily localized on the V(3+) sites rather than on the V(5+) sites. The difference gas phase versus model surface structures of V6O12 hints the critical roles of cluster-substrate interactions in stabilizing the planar V6O12 cluster on model surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
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24
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Jia MY, Xu B, Deng K, He SG, Ge MF. Consecutive Oxygen-for-Sulfur Exchange Reactions between Vanadium Oxide Cluster Anions and Hydrogen Sulfide. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8106-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411961q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ye Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Fa Ge
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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25
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Johnson GE, Priest T, Laskin J. Size-dependent stability toward dissociation and ligand binding energies of phosphine ligated gold cluster ions. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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26
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Al Hasan NM, Johnson GE, Laskin J. Gas-phase synthesis of singly and multiply charged polyoxovanadate anions employing electrospray ionization and collision induced dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1385-1395. [PMID: 23817833 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) combined with in-source fragmentation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments were used to generate a wide range of singly and multiply charged vanadium oxide cluster anions including VxOy(n-) and VxOyCl(n-) ions (x = 1-14, y = 2-36, n = 1-3), protonated clusters, and ligand-bound polyoxovanadate anions. The cluster anions were produced by electrospraying a solution of tetradecavanadate, V14O36Cl(L)5 (L = Et4N(+), tetraethylammonium), in acetonitrile. Under mild source conditions, ESI-MS generates a distribution of doubly and triply charged VxOyCl(n-) and VxOyCl(L)((n-1)-) clusters predominantly containing 14 vanadium atoms as well as their protonated analogs. Accurate mass measurement using a high-resolution LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometer (m/Δm = 60,000 at m/z 410) enabled unambiguous assignment of the elemental composition of the majority of peaks in the ESI-MS spectrum. In addition, high-sensitivity mass spectrometry allowed the charge state of the cluster ions to be assigned based on the separation of the major from the much less abundant minor isotope of vanadium. In-source fragmentation resulted in facile formation of smaller VxOyCl((1-2)-) and VxOy ((1-2)-) anions. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments enabled systematic study of the gas-phase fragmentation pathways of the cluster anions originating from solution and from in-source CID. Surprisingly simple fragmentation patterns were obtained for all singly and doubly charged VxOyCl and VxOy species generated through multiple MS/MS experiments. In contrast, cluster anions originating directly from solution produced comparatively complex CID spectra. These results are consistent with the formation of more stable structures of VxOyCl and VxOy anions through low-energy CID. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that solution-phase synthesis of one precursor cluster anion combined with gas-phase CID is an efficient approach for the top-down synthesis of a wide range of singly and multiply charged gas-phase metal oxide cluster anions for subsequent investigations of structure and reactivity using mass spectrometry and ion spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila M Al Hasan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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27
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Lee EMY, Zhu X, Yarkony DR. On the electronic structure of the low lying electronic states of vanadium trioxide. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:044303. [PMID: 23901976 DOI: 10.1063/1.4813232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure of transition metal oxides is frequently studied using density functional theory. Nonetheless, the electronic structure of VO3 has been found to be sensitive to the choice of functional. As a consequence, the basic question of whether or not the ground electronic state exhibits a Jahn-Teller distortion has yet to be resolved. Using basis sets of triple zeta quality and multireference configuration interaction wave functions as large as 700 million configuration state functions, we determine that the ground electronic state of VO3 is a (2)A2 state in C3v symmetry. The first two excited electronic states are also characterized and found to be the components of a degenerate (2)E state, in C3v symmetry, which exhibits a small Jahn-Teller distortion. The Jahn-Teller stabilization energy is only 40 cm(-1) and the barrier to pseudo-rotation is 9 cm(-1). This (2)E state exhibits some unexpected properties. In the vicinity of the minimum energy conical intersection, the local topography appears almost quadratic, rather than linear, in the Jahn-Teller active coordinates. This gives rise to three symmetry-related seams of conical intersections in addition to the symmetry-required seam and results in the suppression of the geometric phase effect. These features, attributable to small linear Jahn-Teller parameters, are usually found in states characterized by e(2) (or e(3)e(')) electron configurations rather than the e(3) configuration found here. In addition to its Jahn-Teller minimum, the first excited state exhibits a second minimum with a structure significantly distorted from C3v. A conical intersection with Cs symmetry connects the two minima and puts an upper limit of 190 cm(-1) on the barrier connecting these minima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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28
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Chen WJ, Zhang CF, Zhang XH, Zhang YF, Huang X. Computational study on the molecular structures and photoelectron spectra of bimetallic oxide clusters MW2O9(-/0) (M=V, Nb, Ta). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 109:125-132. [PMID: 23523755 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)) calculations are carried out to investigate the electronic and structural properties of a series of bimetallic oxide clusters MW2O9(-/0) (M=V, Nb, Ta). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES). Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP level yield singlet and doublet ground states for the bimetallic anionic and neutral clusters, respectively. All the clusters present the six-membered ring structures with different symmetries, except that the TaW2O9(-) cluster shows a chained style with a penta-coordinated tantalum atom. Spin density analyses reveal oxygen radical species in all neutral clusters, consistent with their structural characteristics. Moreover, additional calculations are performed to study the oxidation reaction of CO molecule with the W3O9(+) cation and the isoelectronic VW2O9 cluster, and results indicate that the introduction of vanadium at tungsten site can efficiently improve the oxidation reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
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29
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Composition dependent selectivity in the coadsorption of H2O and CO on pure and binary silver–gold clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Surnev S, Fortunelli A, Netzer FP. Structure-property relationship and chemical aspects of oxide-metal hybrid nanostructures. Chem Rev 2012; 113:4314-72. [PMID: 23237602 DOI: 10.1021/cr300307n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlozar Surnev
- Surface and Interface Physics, Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University, Graz A-8010 Graz, Austria
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31
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Wang HQ, Li HF. Probing the structural and electronic properties of small vanadium dioxide clusters by density functional theory and comparison with experimental photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:164304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4760658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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32
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Duncan MA. Invited review article: laser vaporization cluster sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:041101. [PMID: 22559508 DOI: 10.1063/1.3697599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The laser vaporization cluster source has been used for the production of gas phase atomic clusters and metal-molecular complexes for 30 years. Numerous experiments in the chemistry and physics of clusters have employed this source. Its operation is simple in principle, but there are many subtle design features that influence the number and size of clusters produced, as well as their composition, charge state, and temperature. This article examines all aspects of the design of these cluster sources, discussing the relevant chemistry, physics, and mechanical aspects of experimental configurations employed by different labs. The principles detailed here provide a framework for the design and implementation of this source for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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33
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Wang HQ, Li HF, Kuang XY. Probing the structural and electronic properties of small vanadium monoxide clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5272-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Tyo EC, Nöβler M, Rabe S, Harmon CL, Mitrić R, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Castleman AW. Exploring similarities in reactivity of superatom species: a combined theoretical and experimental investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:1846-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Janssens E, Lang SM, Brümmer M, Niedziela A, Santambrogio G, Asmis KR, Sauer J. Kinetic study of the reaction of vanadium and vanadium–titanium oxide cluster anions with SO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14344-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42201h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Li S, Demuth J, Mirabal A, Wöste L, Siebert T. On the role of thermal activation in selective photochemistry: mechanistic insight into the oxidation of propene on the V4O11−cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:148-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Reber AC, Khanna SN, Tyo EC, Harmon CL, Castleman AW. Cooperative effects in the oxidation of CO by palladium oxide cations. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:234303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3669428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Li RZ, Xu HG, Cao GJ, Zhao YC, Zheng WJ. Photodissociation and Density Functional Calculations of Small VmOn+ Clusters. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/05/572-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sayres SG, Ross MW, Castleman AW. Delocalized electronic behavior observed in transition metal oxide clusters under strong-field excitation. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:054312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3617231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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41
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Blumling DE, Sayres SG, Castleman AW. Strong-Field Ionization and Dissociation Studies on Small Early Transition Metal Carbide Clusters via Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5038-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Blumling
- Departments of Chemistry and §Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott G. Sayres
- Departments of Chemistry and §Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and §Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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42
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Wang ZC, Wu XN, Zhao YX, Ma JB, Ding XL, He SG. CH Activation on Aluminum-Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Anions. Chemistry 2011; 17:3449-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Popolan DM, Nössler M, Mitrić R, Bernhardt TM, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Tuning Cluster Reactivity by Charge State and Composition: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of CO Binding Energies to AgnAum+/− (n + m = 3). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:951-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106884p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisia M. Popolan
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Nössler
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Physics Department, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten M. Bernhardt
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang ZG, Xu HG, Kong X, Zheng W. Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Study of Small Aluminum−Vanadium Oxide Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:13-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109221m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Guang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Lang SM, Bernhardt TM, Barnett RN, Landman U. Size-Dependent Binding Energies of Methane to Small Gold Clusters. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1570-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Roithová J, Schröder D. Selective activation of alkanes by gas-phase metal ions. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1170-211. [PMID: 20041696 DOI: 10.1021/cr900183p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Ma YP, Ding XL, Zhao YX, He SG. A Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of C2H4 Oxidation over a Neutral V3O8 Cluster. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1718-25. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhang X, Schwarz H. Generation of Gas-Phase Nanosized Vanadium Oxide Clusters from a Mononuclear Precursor by Solution Nucleation and Electrospray Ionization. Chemistry 2010; 16:1163-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xie Y, Dong F, Heinbuch S, Rocca JJ, Bernstein ER. Oxidation reactions on neutral cobalt oxide clusters: experimental and theoretical studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 12:947-59. [PMID: 20066380 DOI: 10.1039/b915590b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of neutral cobalt oxide clusters (Co(m)O(n), m = 3-9, n = 3-13) with CO, NO, C(2)H(2), and C(2)H(4) in a fast flow reactor are investigated by time of flight mass spectrometry employing 118 nm (10.5 eV) single photon ionization. Strong cluster size dependent behavior is observed for all the oxidation reactions; the Co(3)O(4) cluster has the highest reactivity for reactions with CO and NO. Cluster reactivity is also highly correlated with either one or more following factors: cluster size, Co(iii) concentration, the number of the cobalt atoms with high oxidation states, and the presence of an oxygen molecular moiety (an O-O bond) in the Co(m)O(n) clusters. The experimental cluster observations are in good agreement with condensed phase Co(3)O(4) behavior. Density functional theory calculations at the BPW91/TZVP level are carried out to explore the geometric and electronic structures of the Co(3)O(4) cluster, reaction intermediates, transition states, as well as reaction mechanisms. CO, NO, C(2)H(2), and C(2)H(4) are predicted to be adsorbed on the Co(ii) site, and react with one of the parallel bridge oxygen atoms between two Co(iii) atoms in the Co(3)O(4) cluster. Oxidation reactions with CO, NO, and C(2)H(2) on the Co(3)O(4) cluster are estimated as thermodynamically favorable and overall barrierless processes at room temperature. The oxidation reaction with C(2)H(4) is predicted to have a very small overall barrier (<0.23 eV). The oxygen bridge between two Co(iii) sites in the Co(3)O(4) cluster is responsible for the oxidation reactions with CO, NO, C(2)H(2), and C(2)H(4). Based on the gas phase experimental and theoretical cluster studies, a catalytic cycle for these oxidation reactions on a condensed phase cobalt oxide catalyst is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Johnson GE, Mitrić R, Nössler M, Tyo EC, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Castleman AW. Influence of Charge State on Catalytic Oxidation Reactions at Metal Oxide Clusters Containing Radical Oxygen Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5460-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ja807499z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Nössler
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric C. Tyo
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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