1
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Crane S, Garrow M, Lane PD, Robertson K, Waugh A, Woolley JM, Stavros VG, Paterson MJ, Greaves SJ, Townsend D. The Value of Different Experimental Observables: A Transient Absorption Study of the Ultraviolet Excitation Dynamics Operating in Nitrobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6425-6436. [PMID: 37494478 PMCID: PMC10424241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Excess energy redistribution dynamics operating in nitrobenzene under hexane and isopropanol solvation were investigated using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) with a 267 nm pump and a 340-750 nm white light continuum probe. The use of a nonpolar hexane solvent provides a proxy to the gas-phase environment, and the findings are directly compared with a recent time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TRPEI) study on nitrobenzene using the same excitation wavelength [L. Saalbach et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 2021, 125, 7174-7184]. Of note is the observation of a 1/e lifetime of 3.5-6.7 ps in the TAS data that was absent in the TRPEI measurements. This is interpreted as a dynamical signature of the T2 state in nitrobenzene─analogous to observations in the related nitronaphthalene system, and additionally supported by previous quantum chemistry calculations. The discrepancy between the TAS and TRPEI measurements is discussed, with the overall findings providing an example of how different spectroscopic techniques can exhibit varying sensitivity to specific steps along the overall reaction coordinate connecting reactants to photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart
W. Crane
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Malcolm Garrow
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Paul D. Lane
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Kate Robertson
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Alex Waugh
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Martin J. Paterson
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Stuart J. Greaves
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute
of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
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2
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Kotsina N, Jackson SL, Malcomson T, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Photochemical carbon-sulfur bond cleavage in thioethers mediated via excited state Rydberg-to-valence evolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29423-29436. [PMID: 36453640 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging and supporting ab initio quantum chemistry calculations were used to investigate non-adiabatic excess energy redistribution dynamics operating in the saturated thioethers diethylsulfide, tetrahydrothiophene and thietane. In all cases, 200 nm excitation leads to molecular fragmentation on an ultrafast (<100 fs) timescale, driven by the evolution of Rydberg-to-valence orbital character along the S-C stretching coordinate. The C-S-C bending angle was also found to be a key coordinate driving initial internal conversion through the excited state Rydberg manifold, although only small angular displacements away from the ground state equilibrium geometry are required. Conformational constraints imposed by the cyclic ring structures of tetrahydrothiophene and thietane do not therefore influence dynamical timescales to any significant extent. Through use of a high-intensity 267 nm probe, we were also able to detect the presence of some transient (bi)radical species. These are extremely short lived, but they appear to confirm the presence of two competing excited state fragmentation channels - one proceeding directly from the initially prepared 4p manifold, and one involving non-adiabatic population of the 4s state. This is in addition to a decay pathway leading back to the S0 electronic ground state, which shows an enhanced propensity in the 5-membered ring system tetrahydrothiophene over the other two species investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sebastian L Jackson
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Thomas Malcomson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.,Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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3
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Schuurman MS, Blanchet V. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: the continuing evolution of a mature technique. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20012-20024. [PMID: 35297909 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) has become one of the most widespread techniques for probing nonadiabatic dynamics in the excited electronic states of molecules. Furthermore, the complementary development of ab initio approaches for the simulation of TRPES signals has enabled the interpretation of these transient spectra in terms of underlying coupled electronic-nuclear dynamics. In this perspective, we discuss the current state-of-the-art approaches, including efforts to push femtosecond pulses into vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray regimes as well as the utilization of novel polarizations to use time-resolved optical activity as a probe of nonadiabatic dynamics. We close this perspective with a forward-looking prospectus on the new areas of application for this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Schuurman
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6B9, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Dr, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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4
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Wang Y, Wei J, Cao L, Zhang B, Zhang S. The ultrafast nonradiative processes and photodissociation dynamics investigation of S1 state in propanal. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:074306. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology CAS, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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5
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Saalbach L, Kotsina N, Crane SW, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Ultraviolet Excitation Dynamics of Nitrobenzenes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7174-7184. [PMID: 34379417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging was used to investigate nonadiabatic processes operating in the excited electronic states of nitrobenzene and three methyl-substituted derivatives: 3,5-, 2,6-, and 2,4-dimethylnitrobenzene. The primary goal was evaluating the dynamical impact of the torsional angle between the NO2 group and the benzene ring plane-something previously implicated in mediating the propensity for branching into different photodissociation pathways (NO vs NO2 elimination). Targeted, photoinitiated release of NO radicals is of interest for clinical medicine applications, and there is a need to establish basic structure-dynamics-function principles in systematically varied model systems following photoexcitation. Within our 200 ps experimental detection window, we observed no significant differences in the excited-state lifetimes exhibited by all species under study using a 267 nm pump and ionization with an intense 400 nm probe. In agreement with previous theoretical predictions, this suggests that the initial energy redistribution dynamics within the singlet and triplet manifolds are driven by motions localized predominantly on the NO2 group. Our findings also imply that both NO and NO2 elimination occur from a vibrationally hot ground state on extended (nanosecond) timescales, and any variations in NO vs NO2 branching upon site-selective methylation are due to steric effects influencing isomerization prior to dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Stuart W Crane
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.,Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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6
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Kotsina N, Townsend D. Improved insights in time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10736-10755. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review new light source developments and data analysis considerations relevant to the time-resolved photoelectron imaging technique. Case studies illustrate how these themes may enhance understanding in studies of excited state molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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7
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Kotsina N, Candelaresi M, Saalbach L, Zawadzki MM, Crane SW, Sparling C, Townsend D. Short-wavelength probes in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: an extended view of the excited state dynamics in acetylacetone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4647-4658. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a vacuum ultraviolet probe brings new insight to the excited state dynamics operating in acetylacetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Marco Candelaresi
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | - Stuart W. Crane
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Chris Sparling
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics & Quantum Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
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8
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Wolf TJA, Parrish RM, Myhre RH, Martínez TJ, Koch H, Gühr M. Observation of Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in Thymine by Extreme Ultraviolet Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6897-6903. [PMID: 31319031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied the photoinduced ultrafast relaxation dynamics of the nucleobase thymine using gas-phase time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. By employing extreme ultraviolet pulses from high harmonic generation for photoionization, we substantially extend our spectral observation window with respect to previous studies. This enables us to follow relaxation of the excited state population all the way to low-lying electronic states including the ground state. In thymine, we observe relaxation from the optically bright 1ππ* state of thymine to a dark 1nπ* state within 80 ± 30 fs. The 1nπ* state relaxes further within 3.5 ± 0.3 ps to a low-lying electronic state. By comparison with quantum chemical simulations, we can unambiguously assign its spectroscopic signature to the 3ππ* state. Hence, our study draws a comprehensive picture of the relaxation mechanism of thymine including ultrafast intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Robert M Parrish
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Rolf H Myhre
- Department of Chemistry , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , NO-7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Henrik Koch
- Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7 , 56126 Pisa , PI , Italy
| | - Markus Gühr
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States.,Institut für Physik und Astronomie , Universität Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
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9
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Larsen MAB, Sølling TI, Forbes R, Boguslavskiy AE, Makhija V, Veyrinas K, Lausten R, Stolow A, Zawadzki MM, Saalbach L, Kotsina N, Paterson MJ, Townsend D. Vacuum ultraviolet excited state dynamics of small amides. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:054301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5079721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. B. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Theis I. Sølling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
| | - Andrey E. Boguslavskiy
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
- National Research Council Canada,
100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A2, Canada
| | - Varun Makhija
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
| | - Kévin Veyrinas
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
| | - Rune Lausten
- National Research Council Canada,
100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A2, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
- National Research Council Canada,
100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5,
Canada
| | - Magdalena M. Zawadzki
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Saalbach
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Nikoleta Kotsina
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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10
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Sala M, Egorova D. Imaging large amplitude out-of-plane motion in photoexcited pentafluorobenzene using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: a computational study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1036-1048. [PMID: 29999080 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state dynamics of pentafluorobenzene is studied in detail for a quartic vibronic coupling model including the six b1 vibrational modes of the molecule and the two lowest excited electronic states. The study analyzes the influence of the large-amplitude out-of-plane vibrational motion on the electronic dynamics and extends to the simulation of the emerging time-resolved photoelectron spectra. The mapping of coherent non-separable electron-nuclear motion into oscillatory photoelectron signals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Sala
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
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11
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Kus JA, Hüter O, Temps F. Real-time observation of multi-mode vibronic coherence in pentafluoropyridine. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:013938. [PMID: 28688425 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of pentafluoropyridine in the 1 1B2 (ππ*) electronic state excited at λpump = 255 nm is investigated by femtosecond time-resolved time-of-flight mass spectrometry and photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. A pronounced, long-lived, and complex periodic modulation of the transient ion yield signal with contributions by four distinct frequency components, 72 cm-1, 144 cm-1, 251 cm-1, and 281 cm-1, is observed for up to 9 ps. The recorded photoelectron images display a spectral band from the excited 1 1B2 (ππ*) state only in the oscillation maxima; the signal is strongly reduced in the oscillation minima. Supported by electronic structure calculations at the RI-SCS-CC2 and XMCQDPT2 levels of theory, the oscillating components of the signal are identified as frequencies of b1 symmetry coupling modes in a vibronic coherence of the 1 1B2 (ππ*) and 1 1A2 (πσ*) electronic states. The optical excitation initiates regular and periodic wavepacket motion along those out-of-plane modes. In the distorted molecular structure, the initially excited state acquires substantial πσ* character that modulates the transition dipole moment for ionization and results in the observed oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kus
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - O Hüter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - F Temps
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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12
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Boguslavskiy AE, Schalk O, Gador N, Glover WJ, Mori T, Schultz T, Schuurman MS, Martínez TJ, Stolow A. Excited state non-adiabatic dynamics of the smallest polyene, trans 1,3-butadiene. I. Time-resolved photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:164302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5016452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E. Boguslavskiy
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Oliver Schalk
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Niklas Gador
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - William J. Glover
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Toshifumi Mori
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Schultz
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Michael S. Schuurman
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Albert Stolow
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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13
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Monitoring non-adiabatic dynamics in CS2 with time- and energy-resolved photoelectron spectra of wavepackets. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Hüter O, Sala M, Neumann H, Zhang S, Studzinski H, Egorova D, Temps F. Long-lived coherence in pentafluorobenzene as a probe of ππ* – πσ* vibronic coupling. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:014302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. Hüter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - M. Sala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - S. Zhang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Studzinski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - D. Egorova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - F. Temps
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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15
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Following the decay dynamics of photoexcited 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Tan EMM, Amirjalayer S, Bakker BH, Buma WJ. Excited state dynamics of Photoactive Yellow Protein chromophores elucidated by high-resolution spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Faraday Discuss 2013; 163:321-40; discussion 393-432. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Hemberger P, Köhler J, Fischer I, Piani G, Poisson L, Mestdagh JM. Femtosecond dynamics of cyclopropenylidene, c-C3H2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6173-8. [PMID: 22173743 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23728h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of the B (1)B(1) state of isolated cyclopropenylidene, c-C(3)H(2), has been studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoionisation and photoelectron spectroscopy. The carbene was produced by flash pyrolysis of 3-chlorocycloprop-1-ene. The bands at 266.9 nm and 264.6 nm have been investigated. The excited state deactivates in a two step process. The first time constant of less than 50 fs corresponds most likely to a nonradiative transition to the A-state, the second one on the order of 200 fs describes the internal conversion to the electronic ground state. The data are compared to those measured for the chlorinated carbene c-C(3)HCl. In the photoelectron spectrum of c-C(3)H(2) resonances were observed which can be assigned to members of a Rydberg d-series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hemberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Grumbling ER, Sanov A. Photoelectron angular distributions in negative-ion photodetachment from mixed sp states. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:164302. [PMID: 22047234 DOI: 10.1063/1.3653234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an approach for constructing analytical models for the energy-dependence of photoelectron angular distributions in the one-electron, non-relativistic approximation. We construct such a model for electron emission from an orbital described as a superposition of s- and p-type functions, using linearly polarized light. In the limits of pure s or pure p electron photodetachment or photoionization, the model correctly reproduces the familiar Cooper-Zare formula. The model predictions are compared to experimental results for strongly solvated H(-) and NH(2)(-), corresponding to predominantly s and predominantly p character parent states, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Grumbling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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19
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Brogaard RY, Møller KB, Sølling TI. Real-Time Probing of Structural Dynamics by Interaction between Chromophores. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:12120-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2072588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus B. Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Building 207, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Theis I. Sølling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Wu G, Hockett P, Stolow A. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: from wavepackets to observables. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18447-67. [PMID: 21947027 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) is a powerful tool for the study of intramolecular dynamics, particularly excited state non-adiabatic dynamics in polyatomic molecules. Depending on the problem at hand, different levels of TRPES measurements can be performed: time-resolved photoelectron yield; time- and energy-resolved photoelectron yield; time-, energy-, and angle-resolved photoelectron yield. In this pedagogical overview, a conceptual framework for time-resolved photoionization measurements is presented, together with discussion of relevant theory for the different aspects of TRPES. Simple models are used to illustrate the theory, and key concepts are further amplified by experimental examples. These examples are chosen to show the application of TRPES to the investigation of a range of problems in the excited state dynamics of molecules: from the simplest vibrational wavepacket on a single potential energy surface; to disentangling intrinsically coupled electronic and nuclear motions; to identifying the electronic character of the intermediate states involved in non-adiabatic dynamics by angle-resolved measurements in the molecular frame, the most complete measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Wu
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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21
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Stolow A. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: Non-adiabatic dynamics in polyatomic molecules. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235031000092448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- a Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences , National Research Council of Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa , Ontario , K1A 0R6 , Canada
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22
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Femtosecond pump-probe photoionization-photofragmentation spectroscopy: Photoionization-induced twisting and coherent vibrational motion of azobenzene cation. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:134308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3236813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Montero R, Castaño F, Martínez R, Longarte A. Relaxation Dynamics of Naphthalene and 1-Aminonaphthalene in Superexcited States. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:952-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8056064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Montero
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco. Apart. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fernando Castaño
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco. Apart. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco. Apart. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Asier Longarte
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco. Apart. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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24
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Stolow A, Underwood JG. Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Dynamics in Polyatomic Molecules. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470259498.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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25
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Hudock HR, Levine BG, Thompson AL, Satzger H, Townsend D, Gador N, Ullrich S, Stolow A, Martínez TJ. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Electronically Excited Uracil and Thymine. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8500-8. [PMID: 17685594 DOI: 10.1021/jp0723665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction dynamics of excited electronic states in nucleic acid bases is a key process in DNA photodamage. Recent ultrafast spectroscopy experiments have shown multicomponent decays of excited uracil and thymine, tentatively assigned to nonadiabatic transitions involving multiple electronic states. Using both quantum chemistry and first principles quantum molecular dynamics methods we show that a true minimum on the bright S2 electronic state is responsible for the first step that occurs on a femtosecond time scale. Thus the observed femtosecond decay does not correspond to surface crossing as previously thought. We suggest that subsequent barrier crossing to the minimal energy S2/S1 conical intersection is responsible for the picosecond decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneli R Hudock
- Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute, and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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26
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Noller B, Maksimenka R, Fischer I, Armone M, Engels B, Alcaraz C, Poisson L, Mestdagh JM. Femtosecond Dynamics of the tert-Butyl Radical, t-C4H9. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1771-9. [PMID: 17309242 DOI: 10.1021/jp0660839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of the tert-butyl radical, t-C4H9, was investigated by femtosecond time-resolved photoionization and photoelectron spectroscopy. The experiments were supported by ab initio calculations. tert-Butyl radicals, generated by flash pyrolysis of azo-tert-butane, were excited into the A 2A1 (3s) state between 347 and 307 nm and the 3p band at 274 and 268 nm and ionized by 810-nm radiation, in a [1 + 2'] or [1 + 3'] process. Electronic structure calculations confirm that the two states are of s and p Rydberg characters, respectively. The carbon framework becomes planar and thus ion-like in both states. The photoelectron spectra are broad and seem to be mediated by accidental intermediate resonances in the probe step. All time-resolved photoelectron spectra can be described by a single decay time. For the A 2A1 state, lifetimes between 180 and 69 fs were measured. Surprisingly, a much longer lifetime of around 2 ps was found for the 3p state. To understand the decay dynamics, the potential energy was computed as a function of several important nuclear coordinates. A [1,2] H-atom shift to the isobutyl radical seems not to be important for the excited-state dynamics. Qualitative considerations indicate curve crossings between the ground state, the 3s state, and a valence state along the asymmetric C-C stretch coordinate that correlates to the dimethylcarbene + methyl product channel. The implications of the present study for earlier work on the nanosecond time scale are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Noller
- University of Würzburg, Institutes of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Poisson L, Raffael KD, Soep B, Mestdagh JM, Buntinx G. Gas-Phase Dynamics of Spiropyran and Spirooxazine Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3169-78. [PMID: 16522097 DOI: 10.1021/ja055079s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase dynamics of two classes of photochromic molecules, three spiropyrans and one spirooxazine, have been investigated here using both time-resolved mass spectrometry and photoelectron spectroscopy approaches. It is, to our knowledge, the first gas-phase experiment done of these kinds of molecules. The molecules are excited at 266 nm and probed at 800 nm. The comparison of the dynamics of these four molecules has been used to propose a sequential photoisomerization mechanism involving four steps occurring in the first 100 ps. Each of these steps is discussed and related to the observed condensed-phase dynamics and to theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Poisson
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CEA/DSM/DRECAM/SPAM-CNRS URA 2453, DSM CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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28
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Wang SM, Cong SL, Yuan KJ, Niu YY. Photoionization of NO molecule in two-color femtosecond pulse laser fields. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Neutral-to-ionic ZEKE transition dipole couplings beyond Koopmans’ picture: Application to femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Mabbs R, Pichugin K, Sanov A. Time-resolved imaging of the reaction coordinate. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:174305. [PMID: 15910030 DOI: 10.1063/1.1887170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of negative ions is employed to study the dynamics along the reaction coordinate in the photodissociation of IBr(-). The results are discussed in a side-by-side comparison with the dissociation of I(2) (-), examined under similar experimental conditions. The I(2) (-) anion, extensively studied in the past, is used as a reference system for interpreting the IBr(-) results. The data provide rigorous dynamical tests of the anion electronic potentials. The evolution of the energetics revealed in the time-resolved (780 nm pump, 390 nm probe) I(2) (-) and IBr(-) photoelectron images is compared to the predictions of classical trajectory calculations, with the time-resolved photoelectron spectra modeled assuming a variety of neutral states accessed in the photodetachment. In light of good overall agreement of the experimental data with the theoretical predictions, the results are used to construct an experimental image of the IBr(-) dissociation potential as a function of the reaction coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mabbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721-0041, USA
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31
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Zierhut M, Noller B, Schultz T, Fischer I. Excited-state decay of hydrocarbon radicals, investigated by femtosecond time-resolved photoionization: Ethyl, propargyl, and benzyl. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:094302. [PMID: 15836123 DOI: 10.1063/1.1857475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited state decay of the hydrocarbon radicals ethyl, C(2)H(5); propargyl, C(3)H(3); and benzyl, C(7)H(7) was investigated by femtosecond time-resolved photoionization. Radicals were generated by flash pyrolysis of n-propyl nitrite, propargyl bromide, and toluene, respectively. It is shown that the 2 (2)A(') (3s) Rydberg state of ethyl excited at 250 nm decays with a time constant of 20 fs. No residual signal was observed at longer delay times. For the 3 (2)B(1) state of propargyl excited at 255 nm a slower decay with a time constant 50+/-10 fs was determined. The 4 (2)B(2) state of benzyl excited at 255 nm decays within 150+/-30 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zierhut
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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32
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Wang SM, Cong SL, Yuan KJ, Yu J. Probing wave packet dynamics of B2Π and C2Π states of NO molecule with time- and energy-resolved photoelectron spectra. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada.
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34
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35
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Ino D, Watanabe K, Takagi N, Matsumoto Y. Ultrafast excited state dynamics in 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) thin films. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Mabbs R, Pichugin K, Surber E, Sanov A. Time-resolved electron detachment imaging of the I[sup −] channel in I[sub 2]Br[sup −] photodissociation. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:265-72. [PMID: 15260544 DOI: 10.1063/1.1756869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the I(-) channel in I(2)Br(-) photodissociation is examined using time-resolved negative-ion photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. The 388 nm photodetachment images obtained at variable delays following 388 nm excitation reveal the transformation of the excess electron from that belonging to an excited trihalide anion to that occupying an atomic orbital localized on the I(-) fragment. With increasing pump-probe delay, the corresponding photoelectron band narrows on a approximately 300 fs time scale. This trend is attributed to the localization of the excess-electron wave function on the atomic-anion fragment and the establishment of the fragment's electronic identity. The corresponding band position drifts towards larger electron kinetic energies on a significantly longer, approximately 1 ps, time scale. The gradual spectral shift is attributed to exit-channel interactions affecting the photodetachment energetics, as well as the photoelectron anisotropy. The time-resolved angular distributions are analyzed and found consistent with the formation of the asymptotic I(-) fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mabbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, USA
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37
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Eppink ATJB, Whitaker BJ, Gloaguen E, Soep B, Coroiu AM, Parker DH. Dissociative multiphoton ionization of NO[sub 2] studied by time-resolved imaging. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:7776-83. [PMID: 15485239 DOI: 10.1063/1.1795654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied dissociative multiphoton ionization of NO2 by time-resolved velocity map imaging in a two-color pump-probe experiment using the 400 and 266 nm harmonics of a regeneratively amplified titanium-sapphire laser. We observe that most of the ion signal appears as NO+ with approximately 0.28 eV peak kinetic energy. Approximately 600 fs period oscillations indicative of wave packet motion are also observed in the NO+ decay. We attribute the signal to two competitive mechanisms. The first involving three-photon 400 nm absorption followed by dissociative ionization of the pumped state by a subsequent 266 nm photon. The second involving one-photon 400 nm absorption to the 2B2 state of NO2 followed by two-photon dissociative ionization at 266 nm. This interpretation is derived from the observation that the total NO+ ion signal exhibits biexponential decay, 0.72 exp(-t/90+/-10)+0.28 exp(-t/4000+/-400), where t is the 266 nm delay in femtoseconds. The fast decay of the majority of the NO+ signal suggests a direct dissociation via the bending mode of the pumped state. .
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38
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Gessner O, Chrysostom ETH, Lee AMD, Wardlaw DM, Ho ML, Lee SJ, Cheng BM, Zgierski MZ, Chen IC, Shaffer JP, Hayden CC, Stolow A. Non-adiabatic intramolecular and photodissociation dynamics studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron and coincidence imaging spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2004; 127:193-212. [PMID: 15471347 DOI: 10.1039/b316742a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) is emerging as a useful tool for the study of non-adiabatic dynamics in isolated polyatomic molecules and clusters due to its sensitivity to both electronic and vibrational dynamics. A powerful extension of TRPES, coincidence imaging spectroscopy (CIS), based upon femtosecond time-resolved 3D momentum vector imaging of both photoions and photoelectrons in coincidence, is a new technique for the study of complex dissociative processes. Here we show how these spectroscopies can be used to study both non-adiabatic intramolecular and photodissociation dynamics in polyatomic molecules. Intramolecular dynamics in the alpha, beta-enones acrolein, crotonaldehyde and methyl vinyl ketone are studied using both TRPES and laser-induced fluorescence of HCO(X) product yields. The location of the methyl group is seen to have very dramatic effects on the relative electronic relaxation rates and the HCO(X) yield. Applying both TRPES and CIS to the 200 nm and 209 nm photodissociation of the nitric oxide dimer, (NO)2, we observe the fs time-scale evolution of the excited parent neutral via its photoelectron spectrum and the emergence of the NO(A) photofragment including its energy and angular distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gessner
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa ON, Canada
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39
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Zamith S, Blanchet V, Girard B, Andersson J, Sorensen SL, Hjelte I, Björneholm O, Gauyacq D, Norin J, Mauritsson J, L’Huillier A. The predissociation of highly excited states in acetylene by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1589479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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40
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Schultz T, Quenneville J, Levine B, Toniolo A, Martínez TJ, Lochbrunner S, Schmitt M, Shaffer JP, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Mechanism and dynamics of azobenzene photoisomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:8098-9. [PMID: 12837068 DOI: 10.1021/ja021363x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of trans-azobenzene were investigated by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics. Two near-degenerate pipi* excited states, S2 and S3,4, were identified in a region hitherto associated with only one excited state. These results help to explain contradictory reports about the photoisomerization mechanism and the wavelength dependence of the quantum yield. A new model for the isomerization mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schultz
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 0R6
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41
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Wollenhaupt M, Assion A, Graefe O, Liese D, Sarpe-Tudoran C, Winter M, Baumert T. Changes of the electronic structure along the internuclear coordinate studied by ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy: the 21Σu+ Na2 double-minimum state. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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ter Steege DHA, Buma WJ. Spectroscopy and dynamics of excited states in maleimide and N-methyl maleimide: Ionic projection and ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1574803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Weinkauf R, Lehr L, Metsala A. Local Ionization in 2-Phenylethyl-N,N-dimethylamine: Charge Transfer and Dissociation Directly after Ionization. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Weinkauf
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - L. Lehr
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Metsala
- Institute of Chemistry at Tallinn Technical University, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
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44
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Heitz MC, Durand G, Spiegelman F, Meier C. Time-resolved photoelectron spectra as probe of excited state dynamics: A full quantum study of the Na2F cluster. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1524625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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45
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Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is emerging as a useful technique for investigating excited state dynamics in isolated polyatomic molecules. The sensitivity of photoelectron spectroscopy to both electronic configurations and vibrational dynamics makes it well suited to the study of ultrafast nonadiabatic processes. We review the conceptual interpretation of wavepacket dynamics experiments, emphasizing the role of the final state. We discuss the advantages of the molecular ionization continuum as the final state in polyatomic wavepacket experiments and show how the electronic structure of the continuum can be used to disentangle electronic from vibrational dynamics. We illustrate these methods with examples from diatomic wavepacket dynamics, internal conversion in polyenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, excited state intramolecular proton transfer, and azobenzene photoiosomerization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
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46
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Lee SH, Tang KC, Chen IC, Schmitt M, Shaffer JP, Schultz T, Underwood JG, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Substituent Effects in Molecular Electronic Relaxation Dynamics via Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy: ππ* States in Benzenes. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Kuo-Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - I-Chia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - M. Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - J. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - T. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Jonathan G. Underwood
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - M. Z. Zgierski
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
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47
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ter Steege DHA, Wirtz AC, Buma WJ. Vibronic coupling in excited states of acetone. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1423946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Frischkorn C, Bragg AE, Davis AV, Wester R, Neumark DM. Electronic relaxation dynamics of carbon cluster anions: Excitation of the C̃ 2Πg←X̃ 2Πu transition in C6−. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1421378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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