1
|
Deshpande VV, Chauhan V, Bandyopadhyay D, Anoop A, Bhattacharyya S. Structure of small yttrium monoxide clusters, chemical bonding, and photoionization: threshold photoionization and density functional theory investigations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:20123-20133. [PMID: 39011880 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02351j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The photoionization (PI) spectra of small gas-phase yttrium monoxide clusters, YnO (n = 1-8), are investigated, and the adiabatic ionization energies are determined. The stable structures are obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The ground state structures are further confirmed by the CCSD(T) method. The PI spectra are calculated for these stable structures and are compared with the experimental PI spectra. The ground-state structures of the neutral and cation clusters are experimentally assigned with confidence on the basis of a favourable agreement between the experimental and calculated PI spectra. New structures are proposed for Y2O, Y6O, and Y8O compared to the previous literature. Y2O is a linear molecule in the ground state that was previously proposed as a C2v bent molecule. The YnO clusters become 3-dimensional from n ≥ 3. The O atom stays outside, bridging a triangular face of yttrium clusters. Chemical bonding between the yttrium and oxygen atoms is mostly ionic. The excess charge on the oxygen atom is around 1.4e-, transferred from the yttrium atoms bonded with it. Yttrium atoms are mostly covalently bonded. However, for the bigger clusters, free charges of both polarities appear on yttrium atoms that are not bonded with oxygen, indicating ionic interactions. Frontier orbitals consist of mainly delocalized 4d electrons with some 5s contributions, forming Y-Y bonding interactions, but with little contribution and zero contribution from the oxygen orbitals, regardless of the cluster size. The lost electron of YnO+ mostly comes from the 5s orbitals of all Y atoms in the cluster up to size n = 4, and then from 4d-5s hybrid orbitals from n ≥ 5, with the d contribution increasing with size. This is contrary to the previous view in the literature that photoionization occurs from a localized 4d orbital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vinayak Deshpande
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Vaibhav Chauhan
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
| | - Debashis Bandyopadhyay
- Physics Department, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- School of Digital Sciences, Kerala University of Digital Science, Innovation, and Technology, Digital University Kerala, Technopark Phase IV, Pallipuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala - 695317, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharyya
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Cui C, Yan M, Geng L, Wu H, Jia Y, Luo Z, Li SD. An oxygen-passivated vanadium cluster [V@V10O15]− with metal–metal coordination produced by reacting Vn− with O2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:921-927. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05385f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An oxygen-passivated vanadium cluster [V@V10O15]− is reported by reacting Vn− with O2, giving rise to superatom features of metal–metal coordination and 3D aromaticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chaonan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Miao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Haiming Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yuhan Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Chen S, Jiang Y, Wang C, Qin Z, Qiu X, Yu J, Chen Y, Tang Z. The photoelectron-imaging spectroscopic study and chemical bonding analysis of VO 2−, NbO 2− and TaO 2−. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41612-41617. [PMID: 35516585 PMCID: PMC9057757 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition-metal di-oxides, namely VO2−, NbO2− and TaO2− have been studied using photoelectron velocity map imaging (PE-VMI) in combination with theoretical calculations. The adiabatic electron affinities of VO2−, NbO2− and TaO2− are confirmed to be 2.029(8), 1.901(10) and 2.415(8) eV, respectively. By combining Franck–Condon (FC) simulation with theoretical calculations, the vibrational feature related to Nb–O and Ta–O stretching modes for the ground state has been unveiled. The photoelectron angular distribution (PAD) for VO2−, NbO2− and TaO2− is correlated to the photo-detachment of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs), which primarily gets involved in s- and d-orbitals of the V, Nb and Ta atoms. A variety of theoretical calculations have been used to analyze the chemical bonding features of VO2−1/0, NbO2−1/0 and TaO2−1/0, which show that the strong M–O (M = V, Nb and Ta) bond is mainly characterized as ionicity. The transition-metal di-oxides, namely VO2−, NbO2− and TaO2− have been studied using photoelectron velocity map imaging (PE-VMI) in combination with theoretical calculations.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangle Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Shanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Yihuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Chen Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology
- Department of Physics
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Zhengbo Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology
- Department of Physics
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Xingtai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Jingxiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Yuwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| | - Zichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lasserus M, Schnedlitz M, Messner R, Lackner F, Ernst WE, Hauser AW. Vanadium(V) oxide clusters synthesized by sublimation from bulk under fully inert conditions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3473-3480. [PMID: 30996937 PMCID: PMC6432649 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05699d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
While laser ablation in combination with electron impact mass spectroscopy yield numerous fragments and reaction products, helium-mediated mass analysis reveals the sublimation from bulk in units of (V2O5)2.
Oxide nanoparticles in the size range of a few nanometers are typically synthesized in solution or via laser ablation techniques, which open numerous channels for structural change via chemical reactions or fragmentation processes. In this work, neutral vanadium oxide nanoparticles are instead synthesized by sublimation from bulk in combination with a pickup by superfluid helium droplets. Mass spectroscopy measurements clearly demonstrate the preservation of the bulk stoichiometric ratio of vanadium to oxygen in He-grown nanoparticles, indicating a tendency towards tetrahedral coordination of the vanadium centers in finite geometries. This unexpected finding opens up new possibilities for a combined on-the-fly synthesis of nanoparticles consisting of metal and metal-oxide layers. In comparison to mass spectra obtained via direct ionization of vanadium oxide in an effusive beam, where strong fragmentation occurred, we observe a clear preference for (V2O5)n oligomers with even n inside the He nanodroplets, which is further investigated and explained using the electronic structure theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lasserus
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Martin Schnedlitz
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Roman Messner
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Florian Lackner
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Wolfgang E Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| | - Andreas W Hauser
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16 , A-8010 Graz , Austria . ; ; ; Tel: +43 316 873 8157 ; Tel: +43 316 873 8140
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Multiple Metal-Metal Bond or No Bond? The Electronic Structure of V 2 O 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12340-12343. [PMID: 28759144 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Detailed knowledge of the electronic structure of vanadium oxide clusters provides the basis for understanding and tuning their significant catalytic properties. However, already for the simple four-atom V2 O2 molecule, there are contradictory reports in the literature regarding the electronic ground state and a possible vanadium-vanadium bond. We herein show through a combination of experimental (matrix isolation) studies and theoretical results that there is a multiple vanadium-vanadium bond in this benchmark vanadium oxide molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Metall-Metall-Mehrfachbindung oder keine Bindung? Die elektronische Struktur von V2
O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Investigation of structures and energy properties of molybdenum carbide clusters: Insight from theory. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
On the Ground State Structures and Energy Properties of ConPdn (n=1–10) Clusters. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Ding XL, Wang D, Wu XN, Li ZY, Zhao YX, He SG. High reactivity of nanosized niobium oxide cluster cations in methane activation: A comparison with vanadium oxides. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124312. [PMID: 26429016 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactions between methane and niobium oxide cluster cations were studied and compared to those employing vanadium oxides. Hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) reactions were identified over stoichiometric (Nb2O5)N(+) clusters for N as large as 14 with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The reactivity of (Nb2O5)N(+) clusters decreases as the N increases, and it is higher than that of (V 2O5)N(+) for N ≥ 4. Theoretical studies were conducted on (Nb2O5)N(+) (N = 2-6) by density functional calculations. HAA reactions on these clusters are all favorable thermodynamically and kinetically. The difference of the reactivity with respect to the cluster size and metal type (Nb vs V) was attributed to thermodynamics, kinetics, the electron capture ability, and the distribution of the unpaired spin density. Nanosized Nb oxide clusters show higher HAA reactivity than V oxides, indicating that niobia may serve as promising catalysts for practical methane conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Lei Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim JB, Weichman ML, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of the Fe3O– and Co3O– anions. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:174307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4900646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jongjin B. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang LF, Xie L, Fang HL, Li YF, Zhang XB, Wang B, Zhang YF, Huang X. On the structural and electronic properties of hexanuclear vanadium oxide clusters V6On(-/0) (n=12-15): is V6O12 cluster planar or cage-like? SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 131:446-454. [PMID: 24835948 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to investigate the structural and electronic properties of a series of hexanuclear vanadium oxide clusters V6On(-/0) (n=12-15). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES) for V6On(-) (n=12-15) clusters. Extensive DFT calculations are performed in search of the lowest-energy structures for both the anions and neutrals. All of these clusters appear to prefer the polyhedral cage structures, in contrast to the planar star-like structures observed in prior model surface studies for the V6O12 cluster. Molecular orbitals are performed to analyze the chemical bonding in the hexanuclear vanadium oxide clusters and provide insights into the sequential oxidation of V6On(-) (n=12-15) clusters. The V6On(-) (n=12-15) clusters possess well-defined V(5+) and V(3+) sites, and may serve as molecular models for surface defects. Electron spin density analyses show that the unpaired electrons in V6On(-) (n=12-14) clusters are primarily localized on the V(3+) sites rather than on the V(5+) sites. The difference gas phase versus model surface structures of V6O12 hints the critical roles of cluster-substrate interactions in stabilizing the planar V6O12 cluster on model surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ray M, Waller SE, Saha A, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Comparative study of water reactivity with Mo2Oy− and W2Oy− clusters: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:104310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4894760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Sarah E. Waller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cruz-Olvera D, de la Trinidad Vasquez A, Geudtner G, Vásquez-Pérez JM, Calaminici P, Köster AM. Transition-State Searches in Metal Clusters by First-Principle Methods. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:1494-501. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Cruz-Olvera
- Departamento de
Quı́mica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico
Nacional 2508,
AP 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| | | | - Gerald Geudtner
- Departamento de
Quı́mica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico
Nacional 2508,
AP 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| | - José Manuel Vásquez-Pérez
- Departamento de
Quı́mica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico
Nacional 2508,
AP 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| | - Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de
Quı́mica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico
Nacional 2508,
AP 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| | - Andreas M. Köster
- Departamento de
Quı́mica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico
Nacional 2508,
AP 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Group VB transition metal oxide clusters M4O n −/0 (M = Nb, Ta; n = 8–11): structural evolution and chemical bonding. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Ramabhadran RO, Mann JE, Waller SE, Rothgeb DW, Jarrold CC, Raghavachari K. New Insights on Photocatalytic H2 Liberation from Water Using Transition-Metal Oxides: Lessons from Cluster Models of Molybdenum and Tungsten Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17039-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4076309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer E. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah E. Waller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David W. Rothgeb
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline C. Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Calaminici P, Pérez-Romero M, Vásquez-Pérez JM, Köster AM. On the ground state structure of neutral Cun (n=12,14,16,18,20) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
A density functional study was performed for the Rh13 cluster using the linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals density functional theory (LCGTO-DFT) approach. The calculations employed both the local density approximation (LDA) as well as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in combination with a quasi-relativistic effective core potential (QECP). Initial structures for the geometry optimization were taken along Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) trajectories. The BOMD trajectories were performed at different temperatures and considered different potential energy surfaces (PES). As a result, several hundred isomers of the Rh13 cluster in different spin multiplicities were optimized with the aim to determine the lowest energy structures. All geometry optimizations were performed without any symmetry restriction. A vibrational analysis was performed to characterize these isomers. Structural parameters, relative stability energy, harmonic frequencies, binding energy, and most relevant Kohn–Sham (KS) molecular orbitals are reported. The obtained results are compared with available data from the literature. This study predicts a low symmetry biplanarlike structure as the ground-state structure of Rh13 with 11 unpaired electrons. This isomer was first noticed by inspection of first-principle Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations between 300 and 600 K. This represents the most extensive theoretical study on the ground-state structure of the Rh13 cluster and underlines the importance of BOMD simulations to fully explore the PES landscapes of complicated systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de Quimica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508 A.P. 14-740 Mexico D.F. 07000, Mexico
| | - José M. Vásquez-Pérez
- Departamento de Quimica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508 A.P. 14-740 Mexico D.F. 07000, Mexico
| | - Diego A. Espíndola Velasco
- Departamento de Quimica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508 A.P. 14-740 Mexico D.F. 07000, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen WJ, Zhang CF, Zhang XH, Zhang YF, Huang X. Computational study on the molecular structures and photoelectron spectra of bimetallic oxide clusters MW2O9(-/0) (M=V, Nb, Ta). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 109:125-132. [PMID: 23523755 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)) calculations are carried out to investigate the electronic and structural properties of a series of bimetallic oxide clusters MW2O9(-/0) (M=V, Nb, Ta). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES). Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP level yield singlet and doublet ground states for the bimetallic anionic and neutral clusters, respectively. All the clusters present the six-membered ring structures with different symmetries, except that the TaW2O9(-) cluster shows a chained style with a penta-coordinated tantalum atom. Spin density analyses reveal oxygen radical species in all neutral clusters, consistent with their structural characteristics. Moreover, additional calculations are performed to study the oxidation reaction of CO molecule with the W3O9(+) cation and the isoelectronic VW2O9 cluster, and results indicate that the introduction of vanadium at tungsten site can efficiently improve the oxidation reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu L, Zhang C, Krasnokutski SA, Yang DS. Mass-analyzed threshold ionization and structural isomers of M3O4 (M = Sc, Y, and La). J Chem Phys 2012; 137:084312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4747530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
|
20
|
Wu L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li S, Dixon DA, Yang DS. Mass-analyzed threshold ionization of an excited state of lanthanum dioxide. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:034307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4734312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
21
|
Li RZ, Xu HG, Cao GJ, Zhao YC, Zheng WJ. Photodissociation and Density Functional Calculations of Small VmOn+ Clusters. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/05/572-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
22
|
Mann JE, Waller SE, Rothgeb DW, Chick Jarrold C. Study of Nb2Oy (y = 2–5) anion and neutral clusters using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:104317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3634011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
23
|
Zhai HJ, Zhang XH, Chen WJ, Huang X, Wang LS. Stoichiometric and Oxygen-Rich M2On− and M2On (M = Nb, Ta; n = 5−7) Clusters: Molecular Models for Oxygen Radicals, Diradicals, and Superoxides. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3085-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110061v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Xian-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kulik HJ, Marzari N. Systematic study of first-row transition-metal diatomic molecules: A self-consistent DFT+U approach. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:114103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3489110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
25
|
Fielicke A, Gruene P, Haertelt M, Harding DJ, Meijer G. Infrared Spectroscopy and Binding Geometries of Oxygen Atoms Bound to Cationic Tantalum Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9755-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102084n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Gruene
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Haertelt
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan J. Harding
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen WJ, Zhai HJ, Zhang YF, Huang X, Wang LS. On the Electronic and Structural Properties of Tri-Niobium Oxide Clusters Nb3On− (n = 3−8): Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5958-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102439v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dryza V, Alvino JF, Metha GF. Onset of Carbon−Carbon Bonding in Ta5Cy(y= 0−6) Clusters: A Threshold Photoionization and Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4080-5. [PMID: 20192196 DOI: 10.1021/jp100118r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoras Dryza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jason F. Alvino
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Gregory F. Metha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Zhai HJ, Wang B, Huang X, Wang LS. Structural evolution, sequential oxidation, and chemical bonding in tritantalum oxide clusters: Ta(3)O(n)(-) and Ta(3)O(n) (n = 1-8). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9804-13. [PMID: 19681631 DOI: 10.1021/jp905478w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a combined photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and density functional theory (DFT) study on a series of tritantalum oxide clusters, Ta(3)O(n)(-). Well-resolved PES spectra are obtained for Ta(3)O(n)(-) (n = 1-8) at several detachment photon energies, yielding electronic structure information which is used for comparison with the DFT calculations. A trend of sequential oxidation is observed as a function of O content until Ta(3)O(8)(-), which is a stoichiometric cluster. Extensive DFT calculations are performed in search of the lowest energy structures for both the anions and neutrals. The first three O atoms are shown to successively occupy the bridging sites in the Ta(3) triangle. The next three O atoms each occupy a terminal site, with the seventh and eighth O atoms forming a double-bridge and a double-terminal, respectively. The Ta(3)O(7)(-) anion is found to possess a localized electron pair on a single Ta center, making it an interesting molecular model for Ta(3+) surface sites. Molecular orbital analyses are performed to elucidate the chemical bonding in the Ta(3)O(n)(-) clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gong Y, Zhou M, Andrews L. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Transition Metal Oxides and Dioxygen Complexes. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6765-808. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhai HJ, Wang B, Huang X, Wang LS. Probing the Electronic and Structural Properties of the Niobium Trimer Cluster and Its Mono- and Dioxides: Nb3On− and Nb3On (n = 0−2). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3866-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809945n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Harding D, Mackenzie S, Walsh T. Density functional theory calculations of vibrational spectra of rhodium oxide clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Reed ZD, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Yttrium and Lanthanum Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5354-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800588r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. D. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Molek KS, Anfuso-Cleary C, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Iron Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9238-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8009436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - C. Anfuso-Cleary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Calaminici P. Is the trend of the polarizability per atom for all small 3d transition metal clusters the same? The case of Nin (n⩽5) clusters. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:164317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2909201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
36
|
Jakubikova E, Rappé AK, Bernstein ER. Density Functional Theory Study of Small Vanadium Oxide Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12938-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0745844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Anthony K. Rappé
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Elliot R. Bernstein
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Molek KS, Reed ZD, Ricks AM, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Chromium Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8080-9. [PMID: 17665887 DOI: 10.1021/jp073789+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromium oxide cluster cations, Cr(n)O(m)+, are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle cluster source and detected with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass spectrum exhibits a limited number of stoichiometries for each value of n, where m > n. The cluster cations are mass selected and photodissociated using the second (532 nm) or third (355 nm) harmonic output of a Nd:YAG laser. At either wavelength, multiphoton absorption is required to dissociate these clusters, which is consistent with their expected strong bonding. Cluster dissociation occurs via elimination of molecular oxygen, or by fission processes producing stable cation species and/or eliminating stable neutrals such as CrO3, Cr(2)O(5), or Cr(4)O(10). Specific cation clusters identified to be stable because they are produced repeatedly in the decomposition of larger clusters include Cr(2)O(4)+, Cr(3)O(6)+, Cr(3)O(7)+, Cr(4)O(9)+, and Cr(4)O(10)+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Asmis KR, Sauer J. Mass-selective vibrational spectroscopy of vanadium oxide cluster ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:542-62. [PMID: 17523146 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A corner stone in the study of the size-dependent properties of cluster ions in the gas phase is their structural characterization. Over the last 10 years, significant progress has been in this research field because of significant advances in the gas phase vibrational spectroscopy of mass-selected ions. Using a combination of modern experimental and quantum chemical approaches, it is now in most cases possible to uniquely identify the geometric structure of cluster ions, based on the comparison of the experimental and simulated infrared spectra. In this article, we highlight the progress made in this research area by reviewing recent infrared photodissociation (IR-PD) experiments on small and medium sized (up to 30 atoms) vanadium oxide ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Knut R Asmis
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
López Arvizu G, Calaminici P. Assessment of density functional theory optimized basis sets for gradient corrected functionals to transition metal systems: The case of small Nin (n⩽5) clusters. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:194102. [PMID: 17523793 DOI: 10.1063/1.2735311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional calculations have been performed for small nickel clusters, Ni(n), Ni(n) (+), and Ni(n)(-) (n<or=5), using the linear combination of Gaussian-type orbital density functional theory approach. Newly developed nickel all-electron basis sets optimized for generalized gradient approximation (GGA) as well as an all-electron basis set optimized for the local density approximation were employed. For both neutral and charged systems, several isomers and different multiplicities were studied in order to determine the lowest energy structures. A vibrational analysis was performed in order to characterize these isomers. Structural parameters, harmonic frequencies, binding energies, ionization potentials, and electron affinities are reported. This work shows that the employed GGA basis sets for the nickel atom are important for the correct prediction of the ground state structures of small nickel clusters and that the structural assignment of these systems can be performed, with a good resolution, over the ionization potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio López Arvizu
- Departamento de Quimica, CINVESTAV, Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, Apartado Postal 14-740 07000 Mexico, Distrito Federal Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Calaminici P, Köster AM, Gómez-Sandoval Z. Density Functional Study of the Structure and Properties of Cu9 and Cu9-. J Chem Theory Comput 2007; 3:905-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ct600358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, AP 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| | - Andreas M. Köster
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, AP 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| | - Zeferino Gómez-Sandoval
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, AP 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wu Z, Kawazoe Y, Meng J. Geometries and electronic properties of Tan, TanO and TaOn (n=1–3) clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
42
|
Molek KS, Jaeger TD, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum oxide cluster cations. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:144313. [PMID: 16238397 DOI: 10.1063/1.2050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal oxide clusters of the form M(n)O(m) (+)(M=V,Nb,Ta) are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle cluster source and detected with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Consistent with earlier work, cluster oxides for each value of n produce only a limited number of stoichiometries, where m>n. The cluster cations are mass selected and photodissociated using the second (532 nm) or third (355 nm) harmonic of a Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser. All of these clusters require multiphoton conditions for dissociation, consistent with their expected strong bonding. Dissociation occurs by either elimination of oxygen or by fission, repeatedly producing clusters having the same specific stoichiometries. In oxygen elimination, vanadium species tend to lose units of O(2), whereas niobium and tantalum lose O atoms. For each metal increment n, oxygen elimination proceeds until a terminal stoichiometry is reached. Clusters having this stoichiometry do not eliminate more oxygen, but rather undergo fission, producing smaller M(n)O(m) (+) species. The smaller clusters produced as fission products represent the corresponding terminal stoichiometries for those smaller n values. The terminal stoichiometries identified are the same for V, Nb, and Ta oxide cluster cations. This behavior suggests that these clusters have stable bonding networks at their core, but additional excess oxygen at their periphery. These combined results determine that M(2)O(4) (+), M(3)O(7) (+), M(4)O(9) (+), M(5)O(12) (+), M(6)O(14) (+), and M(7)O(17) (+) have the greatest stability for V, Nb, and Ta oxide clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Matsuda Y, Bernstein ER. Identification, Structure, and Spectroscopy of Neutral Vanadium Oxide Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:3803-11. [PMID: 16833696 DOI: 10.1021/jp040718r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neutral vanadium oxide clusters are studied by photoionization time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Mass spectra of vanadium oxide clusters are observed by photoionization with lasers of three different wavelengths: 118, 193, and 355 nm. Mechanisms of 118 nm single photon ionization and 193 and 355 nm multiphoton ionization/fragmentation of vanadium oxide clusters are discussed on the basis of observed mass spectral patterns and line widths of the mass spectral features. Only the 118 nm laser light can ionize vanadium oxide neutral species by single photon ionization without fragmentation. The stable vanadium oxide neutral clusters under saturated oxygen growth conditions are found to be of the form (VO2)x(V2O5)y. Structures of the first few members of this series of clusters are determined through high level DFT calculations. Fragmentation of this series of clusters through 355 and 193 nm multiphoton ionization processes is discussed in light of these calculated structures. The B(2)B2 <-- X(2)A1 transition is observed for the VO2 neutral species, and nu1 and nu2 vibrations are assigned for both electronic states. From this spectrum, the VO2 rotational and vibrational temperatures are found to be approximately 50 and approximately 700 K, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Calaminici P, Flores-Moreno R, Köster AM. Structures and vibrations of Nb3O and Nb3O−: A density functional study. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:3558-62. [PMID: 15303921 DOI: 10.1063/1.1775788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional calculations of neutral and anionic niobium trimer monoxides are presented. The calculations were performed employing scalar quasirelativistic effective core potentials. In order to test the accuracy of the used effective core potentials in the framework of density functional theory the pulsed field ionization-zero electron kinetic energy photoelectron spectrum of Nb(3)O was simulated and compared to experiment. Different isomers of Nb(3)O and Nb(3)O(-) were studied in order to determine the ground state structures. For both neutral and anionic systems a planar C(2v) structure with an edge-bound oxygen atom was found as a ground state. Equilibrium structure parameters, harmonic frequencies, and adiabatic electron affinity are reported. The calculated electron affinity and frequencies are in good agreement with the available experimental data obtained recently from vibrationally resolved negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de Quimica, CINVESTAV, Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, Apartado Postal 14-740, Distrito Federal 07000, Mexico, Mexico.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Calaminici P, Köster AM, Salahub DR. Negative ion photoelectron spectra simulation of V3O from a density functional study. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1545775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
46
|
Pramann A, Koyasu K, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of VnOm− (n=4–15;m=0–2). J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1461824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99352, and W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pramann A, Nakamura Y, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Yttrium Oxide Cluster Anions: Effects of Oxygen and Metal Atom Addition. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Pramann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Koji Kaya
- Institute of Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang DS. 6 Zero electron kinetic energy photoelectron spectra of metal clusters and complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1075-1629(01)80008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|