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Nowotarski MS, Potnuru LR, Straub JS, Chaklashiya R, Shimasaki T, Pahari B, Coffaro H, Jain S, Han S. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced Multiple-Quantum Spin Counting of Molecular Assemblies in Vitrified Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7084-7094. [PMID: 38953521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Crystallization pathways are essential to various industrial, geological, and biological processes. In nonclassical nucleation theory, prenucleation clusters (PNCs) form, aggregate, and crystallize to produce higher order assemblies. Microscopy and X-ray techniques have limited utility for PNC analysis due to the small size (0.5-3 nm) and time stability constraints. We present a new approach for analyzing PNC formation based on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin counting of vitrified molecular assemblies. The use of glassing agents ensures that vitrification generates amorphous aqueous samples and offers conditions for performing dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-amplified NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate that molecular adenosine triphosphate along with crystalline, amorphous, and clustered calcium phosphate materials formed via a nonclassical growth pathway can be differentiated from one another by the number of dipolar coupled 31P spins. We also present an innovative approach for examining spin counting data, demonstrating that a knowledge-based fitting of integer multiples of cosine wave functions, instead of the traditional Fourier transform, provides a more physically meaningful retrieval of the existing frequencies. This is the first report of multiquantum spin counting of assemblies formed in solution as captured under vitrified DNP conditions, which can be useful for future analysis of PNCs and other aqueous molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesopotamia S Nowotarski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Lokeswara Rao Potnuru
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua S Straub
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Raj Chaklashiya
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Toshihiko Shimasaki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bholanath Pahari
- School of Physical and Applied Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa 403206, India
| | - Hunter Coffaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sheetal Jain
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Gaboardi M, Milanese C, Magnani G, Girella A, Pontiroli D, Cofrancesco P, Marini A, Riccò M. Optimal hydrogen storage in sodium substituted lithium fullerides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21980-21986. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04353h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A relevant improvement in the hydrogen storage capability of lithium fullerides is obtained by the co-intercalation of a small amount of sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Pavia Hydrogen Lab
- C.S.G.I. & Department of Chemistry – Physical Chemistry Division
- University of Pavia
- I-27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Giacomo Magnani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
- Fisiche ed Informatiche
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- I-43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Girella
- Pavia Hydrogen Lab
- C.S.G.I. & Department of Chemistry – Physical Chemistry Division
- University of Pavia
- I-27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Daniele Pontiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
- Fisiche ed Informatiche
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- I-43124 Parma
- Italy
| | - Pacifico Cofrancesco
- Pavia Hydrogen Lab
- C.S.G.I. & Department of Chemistry – Physical Chemistry Division
- University of Pavia
- I-27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Amedeo Marini
- Pavia Hydrogen Lab
- C.S.G.I. & Department of Chemistry – Physical Chemistry Division
- University of Pavia
- I-27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Mauro Riccò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche
- Fisiche ed Informatiche
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- I-43124 Parma
- Italy
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Yao M, Pischedda V, Wågberg T, Sundqvist B, Floch SL, Miguel AS. Laser-induced transformation of Li4C60 and Na4C60 polymers into metallic monomeric fulleride phases. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dodd AJ, van Eck ERH. Multiple quantum spin counting techniques with quadrupolar nuclei. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2004; 26:121-131. [PMID: 15388176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2004] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phase incremented and continuous irradiation multiple spin correlation methods are applied to spin [Formula: see text] nuclei with small quadrupole couplings such as (7)Li in LiCl and are shown to successfully produce a coherently coupled dipolar spin network. Application to the analogous Na salt shows successful spin correlation evolving at a slower rate due to the weaker homonuclear dipolar coupling strength between Na nuclei. The results are analysed using a statistical approach. Spin counting is non-trivial as not only multiple quantum coherences between spins are generated but also within the quadrupolar spin levels. Na(2)C(2)O(4) is investigated as a material with non-negligible quadrupole coupling and it is in this limit that the spin correlation techniques are found to break down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Dodd
- Centre for Materials Research, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK
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Schurko RW, Willans MJ, Skadtchenko B, Antonelli DM. Solid-state 23Na and 13C NMR characterization of Na3C60. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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