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Petrillo C, Sacchetti F. Future applications of the high-flux thermal neutron spectroscopy: the ever-green case of collective excitations in liquid metals. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1871862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Petrillo
- Department of Physics & Earth Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sacchetti
- Department of Physics & Earth Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute IOM-CNR, Perugia, Italy
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2
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Buttersack T, Mason PE, McMullen RS, Schewe HC, Martinek T, Brezina K, Crhan M, Gomez A, Hein D, Wartner G, Seidel R, Ali H, Thürmer S, Marsalek O, Winter B, Bradforth SE, Jungwirth P. Photoelectron spectra of alkali metal–ammonia microjets: From blue electrolyte to bronze metal. Science 2020; 368:1086-1091. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Buttersack
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0482, USA
| | - Philip E. Mason
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ryan S. McMullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0482, USA
| | - H. Christian Schewe
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Martinek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Brezina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Crhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Axel Gomez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dennis Hein
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Garlef Wartner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hebatallah Ali
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Thürmer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ondrej Marsalek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bernd Winter
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0482, USA
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Investigation of structural and dynamical properties of hafnium(IV) ion in liquid ammonia: An ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulation. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Lithium(I) in liquid ammonia: A quantum mechanical charge field (QMCF) molecular dynamics simulation study. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Thermoelectric Power Generation in a Vacuum Cell of Decomposing Liquid Potassium-Ammonia Solutions. ENERGIES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/en6115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Lee J, Kim M, Shim K, Kim J, Jeon J. Thermoelectric Efficiency Improvement in Vacuum Tubes of Decomposing Liquid Lithium-Ammonia Solutions. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2013.51.3.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Seng Tan K, Grimsdale AC, Yazami R. Synthesis and Characterization of Biphenyl-Based Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9056-60. [PMID: 22747199 DOI: 10.1021/jp302160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Seng Tan
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science & Engineering, ERI@N, TUM-Create Centre of Electromobility, Blk N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Andrew C. Grimsdale
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science & Engineering, ERI@N, TUM-Create Centre of Electromobility, Blk N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Rachid Yazami
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science & Engineering, ERI@N, TUM-Create Centre of Electromobility, Blk N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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8
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Park HW, Kim JB, Jeon JH. Experimental Study of Thermo-electric material using Lithium-Ammonia(Li(NH 3) n) Solution. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2011.49.2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Zurek E, Edwards P, Hoffmann R. Lithium-Ammoniak-Lösungen: eine molekulare Betrachtung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Zurek E, Edwards P, Hoffmann R. A Molecular Perspective on Lithium-Ammonia Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:8198-232. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Kittaka S, Morimura M, Ishimaru S, Morino A, Ueda K. Effect of confinement on the fluid properties of ammonia in mesopores of MCM-41 and SBA-15. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:1718-1724. [PMID: 19170649 DOI: 10.1021/la803019h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pore size on capillary condensation and solid-liquid phase changes of ammonia in MCM-41 and SBA-15 was studied by adsorption and FTIR measurements of condensed phases at low temperatures. Adsorption isotherms are all typical type IV on the fully hydroxylated surfaces, without hysteresis loops in the smaller pores (d < 2.4 nm). In the larger pores, hysteresis loops appear at lower temperatures and disappear with increasing temperature, i.e., the capillary critical phenomenon was detected (hysteresis critical point). The criticality of the adsorption hysteresis loop is very similar to that for nonpolar nitrogen in mesopores of various shapes, suggesting that this is a universal phenomenon among fluids in mesopores. Freezing and melting of capillary-condensed ammonia were observed by FTIR spectroscopy. The melting temperature of capillary-condensed ammonia decreased with decreasing pore size, which is similar in the behavior of freezing. In the smaller pores (d < 2.4 nm); however, ammonia was not frozen. It is suggested that the capillary-condensed inner part, i.e., inside the ammonia monolayer, is affected too much by the pore wall and/or is too small in volume to crystallize. In the larger pores of SBA-15, crystallization is remarkably segregated from ammonia molecules strongly coordinated to surface hydroxyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Kittaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho,Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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12
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Pinsook U, Scheicher RH, Ahuja R, Hannongbua S. Internal Vibrations of the Li(NH3)4+ Complex Analyzed from Ab Initio, Density Functional Theory, And the Classical Spring Network Model. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5323-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801359s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udomsilp Pinsook
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Condensed Matter Theory Group,
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box
530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Applied Materials Physics, Department
of Materials and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),
S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Ralph H. Scheicher
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Condensed Matter Theory Group,
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box
530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Applied Materials Physics, Department
of Materials and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),
S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Condensed Matter Theory Group,
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box
530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Applied Materials Physics, Department
of Materials and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),
S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Supot Hannongbua
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Condensed Matter Theory Group,
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box
530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Applied Materials Physics, Department
of Materials and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),
S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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13
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Shkrob IA. Ammoniated electron as a solvent stabilized multimer radical anion. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:3967-76. [PMID: 16539419 DOI: 10.1021/jp055500z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The excess electron in liquid ammonia ("ammoniated electron") is commonly viewed as a cavity electron in which the s-type wave function fills the interstitial void between 6 and 9 ammonia molecules. Here we examine an alternative model in which the ammoniated electron is regarded as a solvent stabilized multimer radical anion in which most of the excess electron density resides in the frontier orbitals of N atoms in the ammonia molecules forming the solvation cavity. The cavity is formed due to the repulsion between negatively charged solvent molecules. Using density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that such core anions would semiquantitatively account for the observed pattern of Knight shifts for 1H and 14N nuclei observed by NMR spectroscopy and the downshifted stretching and bending modes observed by infrared spectroscopy. We speculate that the excess electrons in other aprotic solvents might be, in this respect, analogous to the ammoniated electron, with substantial transfer of the spin density into the frontier N and C orbitals of methyl, amino, and amide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Shkrob
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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14
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Chandra A, Marx D. Creating interfaces by stretching the solvent is key to metallic ammonia solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3676-9. [PMID: 17407116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalendu Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
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15
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Chandra A, Marx D. Creating Interfaces by Stretching the Solvent Is Key to Metallic Ammonia Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Pinsook U, Hannongbua S. Model of saturated lithium ammonia as a single-component liquid metal. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:74702. [PMID: 16497065 DOI: 10.1063/1.2168442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We use the single-component picture and the nearly-free-electron theory for describing collective excitations in the saturated Li-ammonia solution. The physical justification is discussed, and all predictions are compared with current experimental findings. The plasmon dispersion and the long-wavelength dielectric function of the solution can be explained within the homogeneous-electron-gas theory. The parameters r(s) = 7.4a(0) and epsilon(infinity) = 1.44 give a good description compared with inelastic x-ray scattering and optical data. The phonon spectrum of the solution is also examined. Within the scope of the empty core model with R(c) = 3.76a(0), the phonon dispersion at low q is reproduced. The ratio BB(free) = 1.34 is compared with 1.63 obtained from experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udomsilp Pinsook
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Thompson H, Skipper NT, Wasse JC, Spencer Howells W, Hamilton M, Fernandez-Alonso F. Proton dynamics in lithium-ammonia solutions and expanded metals. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:024501. [PMID: 16422605 DOI: 10.1063/1.2145745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quasielastic neutron scattering has been used to study proton dynamics in the system lithium-ammonia at concentrations of 0, 4, 12, and 20 mole percent metal (MPM) in both the liquid and solid (expanded metal) phases. At 230 K, in the homogenous liquid state, we find that the proton self-diffusion coefficient first increases with metal concentration, from 5.6x10(-5) cm2 s(-1) in pure ammonia to 7.8x10(-5) cm2 s(-1) at 12 MPM. At higher concentrations we note a small decrease to a value of 7.0x10(-5) cm2 s(-1) at 20 MPM (saturation). These results are consistent with NMR data, and can be explained in terms of the competing influences of the electron and ion solvation. At saturation, the solution freezes to form a series of expanded metal compounds of composition Li(NH3)4. Above the melting point, at 100 K, we are able to fit our data to a jump-diffusion model, with a mean jump length (l) of 2.1 A and residence time (tau) of 3.1 ps. This model gives a diffusion coefficient of 2.3x10(-5) cm2 s(-1). In solid phase I (cubic, stable from 88.8 to 82.2 K) we find that the protons are still undergoing this jump diffusion, with l=2.0 A and tau=3.9 ps giving a diffusion coefficient of 1.8x10(-5) cm2 s(-1). Such motion gives way to purely localized rotation in solid phases IIa (from 82.2 to 69 K) and IIb (stable from 69 to 25 K). We find rotational correlation times (tau(rot)) of the order of 2.0 and 7.3 ps in phases IIa and IIb, respectively. These values can be compared with a rotational mode in solid ammonia with tau(rot) approximately 2.4 ps at 150 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Burns CA, Vankó G, Sinn H, Alatas A, Alp EE, Said A. Excitations of lithium ammonia complexes studied by inelastic x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:024720. [PMID: 16422639 DOI: 10.1063/1.2133738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have carried out high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the excitations of lithium dissolved in ammonia. The incident x-ray energy was 21.6 keV and the resolution was about 2 meV. Several different excitations are observed in the energy range of 0-60 meV (0-500 cm(-1)). In addition to acoustic phonons at low energies, we see excitations that are associated with vibrations of Li(NH3)4+ complexes. We examined these excitations as a function of momentum transfer, lithium concentration, temperature, and state of the system (solid versus liquid). Data are compared with Hartree-Fock and density-functional theory calculations of the excitations of this complex, which agree well with the measured excitation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Burns
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo Michigan 49008, USA.
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Wasse JC, Hayama S, Skipper NT, Morrison D, Bowron DT. Liquid−Liquid Phase Separation and Microscopic Structure in Rubidium−Ammonia Solutions Observed Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0305133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Wasse
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Shusaku Hayama
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Neal T. Skipper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T. Bowron
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OXON OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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Thompson H, Wasse JC, Skipper NT, Hayama S, Bowron DT, Soper AK. Structural studies of ammonia and metallic lithium-ammonia solutions. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2572-81. [PMID: 12603145 DOI: 10.1021/ja021227s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The technique of hydrogen/deuterium isotopic substitution has been used to extract detailed information concerning the solvent structure in pure ammonia and metallic lithium-ammonia solutions. In pure ammonia we find evidence for approximately 2.0 hydrogen bonds around each central nitrogen atom, with an average N-H distance of 2.4 A. On addition of alkali metal, we observe directly significant disruption of this hydrogen bonding. At 8 mol % metal there remains only around 0.7 hydrogen bond per nitrogen atom. This value decreases to 0.0 for the saturated solution of 21 mol % metal, as all ammonia molecules have then become incorporated into the tetrahedral first solvation spheres of the lithium cations. In conjunction with a classical three-dimensional computer modeling technique, we are now able to identify a well-defined second cationic solvation shell. In this secondary shell the nitrogen atoms tend to reside above the faces and edges of the primary tetrahedral shell. Furthermore, the computer-generated models reveal that on addition of alkali metal the solvent molecules form voids of approximate radius 2.5-3.0 A. Our data therefore provide new insight into the structure of the polaronic cavities and tunnels, which have been theoretically predicted for lithium-ammonia solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Wasse JC, Hayama S, Masmanidis S, Stebbings SL, Skipper NT. The structure of lithium–ammonia and sodium–ammonia solutions by neutron diffraction. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1563594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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