1
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Zhao R, Wang J, Xu H, Wang J, Cui Y, Yao Q, Xu S, Liu J. Accurate measurement of Soret coefficients in binary hydrocarbons mixtures based on composite methods. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1735:465346. [PMID: 39243587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The Soret effect is a significant factor in various scenarios, with thermodiffusion in binary systems serving as a common method for the study. Most research focuses rarely on the distribution characteristics of components in diffusion systems; and Soret coefficients in the porous media could not be obtained by typical methods based on the thermodiffusion column, which are particularly important in the field of oil and gas development. Moreover, experiments on ground conditions have struggled to determine the Soret coefficient accurately due to the convective effect caused by gravity differentiation. The thermodiffusion behavior of n-pentane (C5) and n-heptane (C7) binary mixtures in both bulk and porous media conditions have been investigated, aiming to provide corrected coefficients that mitigate the influence of gravity using theoretical derivation. A new method was proposed to calculate the Soret coefficients in this work by establishing a model based on gas chromatography technology. Dynamic variation of component concentration along the path was studied, and the corresponding Soret coefficients were calculated and analyzed in parallel. The results indicate that the concentration and temperature exhibit a logarithmic relationship with the distance from the heat source. The Soret coefficient values obtained from measurements in porous media are closer to the theoretically corrected values, which do not account for gravity effects. Additionally, as the permeability decreases, the counteracting effect of porous media on convection becomes more pronounced. Therefore, it presents a novel method for accurately measuring the Soret coefficient that ignores convection to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Jiaying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Haotian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; Offshore Oil Engineering Co, Ltd, Tianjin 300461, China
| | - Yifang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Yao
- Petroleum Institute, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Shenghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
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2
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Coelho FM, Franco LFM, Firoozabadi A. Thermodiffusion of CO 2 in Water by Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2749-2760. [PMID: 36930893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The components of a fluid mixture may segregate due to the Soret effect, a coupling phenomenon in which mass flux can be induced by a thermal gradient. In this work, we evaluate systematically the thermodiffusion of the CO2-H2O mixture, and the influence of the geothermal gradient on CO2 segregation in deep saline aquifers in CO2 storage. The eHeX method, a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation approach, is judiciously selected to simulate the phenomenon. At 350 K, 400 bar, and CO2 mole fraction of 0.02 (aquifer conditions), CO2 accumulates on the cold side, and the thermal diffusion factor is close to 1 in a number of force fields. The lower the temperature, the higher is the separation and the thermal diffusion factor. In colder regions, water self-association is stronger, whereas the CO2-H2O cross-association and the CO2-CO2 interactions enhance at higher temperatures. Thermodiffusion and gravitational segregation have opposite effects on CO2 segregation. At typical subsurface conditions, the Soret effect is more pronounced than gravity segregation, and CO2 concentrates in the top (colder region). Our work sets the stage to model the effect of electrolytes on CO2 segregation in subsurface aquifers and other areas of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Coelho
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil.,Reservoir Engineering Research Institute (RERI), Palo Alto, California, 94306, United States
| | - Luís F M Franco
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Abbas Firoozabadi
- Reservoir Engineering Research Institute (RERI), Palo Alto, California, 94306, United States
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3
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Schelling PK. Physical mechanisms of the Soret effect in binary Lennard-Jones liquids elucidated with thermal-response calculations. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:044501. [PMID: 36725502 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Soret effect is the tendency of fluid mixtures to exhibit concentration gradients in the presence of a temperature gradient. Using molecular-dynamics simulation of two-component Lennard-Jones liquids, it is demonstrated that spatially sinusoidal heat pulses generate both temperature and pressure gradients. Over short timescales, the dominant effect is the generation of compressional waves, which dissipate over time as the system approaches mechanical equilibrium. The approach to mechanical equilibrium is also characterized by a decrease in particle density in the high-temperature region and an increase in particle density in the low-temperature region. It is demonstrated that concentration gradients develop rapidly during the propagation of compressional waves through the liquid. Over longer timescales, heat conduction occurs to return the system to thermal equilibrium, with the particle current acting to restore a more uniform particle density. It is shown that the Soret effect arises due to the fact that the two components of the fluid exhibit different responses to pressure gradients. First, the so-called isotope effect occurs because light atoms tend to respond more rapidly to evolving conditions. In this case, there appears to be a connection to previous observations of "fast sound" in binary fluids. Second, it is shown that the partial pressures of the two components in equilibrium, and more directly, the relative magnitudes of their derivatives with respect to temperature and density, determine which species accumulate in the high- and low-temperature regions. In the conditions simulated here, the dependence of the partial pressure on density gradients is larger than the dependence on temperature gradients. This is directly connected to the accumulation of the species with the largest partial pressure in the high-temperature region and the accumulation of the species with the smallest partial pressure in the low-temperature region. The results suggest that further development of theoretical descriptions of the Soret effect might begin with hydrodynamical equations in two-component liquids. Finally, it is suggested that the recently proposed concept of "thermophobicity" may be related to the sensitivity of partial pressures in a multicomponent fluid to changes in temperature and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Schelling
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, USA; Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, USA; and Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations (REACT) Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, USA
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4
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Chen F, Nasrabadi H. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Thermal Diffusion Effect in n-Alkane Binary Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10164-10171. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxuan Chen
- Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - Hadi Nasrabadi
- Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, Texas77843, United States
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5
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Zimmermann NER, Guevara‐Carrion G, Vrabec J, Hansen N. Predicting and Rationalizing the Soret Coefficient of Binary Lennard‐Jones Mixtures in the Liquid State. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils E. R. Zimmermann
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 9 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Gabriela Guevara‐Carrion
- Thermodynamics and Process Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Ernst‐Reuter‐Platz 1 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Jadran Vrabec
- Thermodynamics and Process Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Ernst‐Reuter‐Platz 1 10587 Berlin Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 9 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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6
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Hutchinson AJ, Torres JF, Corry B. Modeling thermodiffusion in aqueous sodium chloride solutions-Which water model is best? J Chem Phys 2022; 156:164503. [PMID: 35490021 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermodiffusion is the migration of a species due to a temperature gradient and is the driving phenomenon in many applications ranging from early cancer detection to uranium enrichment. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be a useful tool for exploring the rather complex thermodiffusive behavior of species, such as proteins and ions. However, current MD models of thermodiffusion in aqueous ionic solutions struggle to quantitatively predict the Soret coefficient, which indicates the magnitude and direction of species migration under a temperature gradient. In this work, we aim to improve the accuracy of MD thermodiffusion models by assessing how well different water models can recreate thermodiffusion in a benchmark aqueous NaCl solution. We tested four of the best available rigid non-polarizable water models (TIP3P-FB, TIP4P-FB, OPC3, and OPC) and the commonly used TIP3P and SPC/E water models for their ability to predict the inversion temperature and Soret coefficient in 0.5, 2, and 4M aqueous NaCl solutions. Each water model predicted a noticeably different ion distribution yielding different inversion temperatures and magnitudes of the Soret coefficient. By comparing the modeled Soret coefficients to published experimental values, we determine TIP3P-FB to be the water model that best recreates thermodiffusion in aqueous NaCl solutions. Our findings can aid future works in selecting the most accurate rigid non-polarizable water model, including water and ion parameters for investigating thermodiffusion through MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Hutchinson
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Juan F Torres
- School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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7
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Zhong J, Zhao R, Ouyang W, Xu S. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Soret Effect on Two Binary Liquid Solutions with Equimolar n-Alkane Mixtures. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:518-527. [PMID: 35036720 PMCID: PMC8756439 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics is employed to simulate the Soret effect on two binary liquid solutions with equimolar mixtures: normal pentane (n-pentane, nC-5) and normal heptane (n-heptane, nC-7) molecules plus normal decane (n-decane, nC-10) and normal pentane molecules. Moreover, two coarse-grained force field (the CG-FF) potentials, which may depict inter-/intramolecular interactions fairly well among n-alkane molecules, are developed to fulfill such investigations. In addition, thermal diffusion for the mass fraction of each of these n-alkane molecules is simulated under an effect of a weak thermal gradient (temperature difference) exerting on solution systems from their hot to cold boundary sides. Finally, quantities of the Soret coefficient (SC) for two binary solutions are calculated by means of the developed CG-FF potentials, so as to improve the calculation rationality. As a result, first, it is found that molecules with light molar masses will migrate toward the hot boundary side, while those with heavy molar masses will migrate toward the cold boundary one ; second, the SC quantities indicate that they match relevant experimental determinations fairly well, i.e., trends of these SC quantities show inverse proportionality to the thermal gradient on the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- College
of Materials Engineering, North China Institute
of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, P.R. China
| | - Renbao Zhao
- College
of Petroleum Engineering, China University
of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, P.R. China
| | - Wenze Ouyang
- Institute
of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Shenghua Xu
- Institute
of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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8
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Araki T, Chikakiyo N. Contribution of internal degree of freedom of soft molecules to Soret effect. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:042611. [PMID: 34005881 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.042611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the Soret effect in binary dimer-monomer mixtures using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and investigate the pure contribution of the internal degree of freedom of flexible molecules to the Soret effect. We observe that the thermal diffusion factor tends to decrease and change its sign as the molecules become softer. We propose two possible mechanisms for our observations: change of the molecule structures with the temperature, causing bulkier molecules to migrate to the hotter region, and asymmetry of the restitution between rigid and flexible molecules, due to which flexible molecules show larger restitution when placed at the hotter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeaki Araki
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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9
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Hashemipour N, Karimi-Sabet J, Motahari K, Mahruz Monfared S, Amini Y, Moosavian MA. Numerical study of n-heptane/benzene separation by thermal diffusion column. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Furtado FA, Firoozabadi A. Fickian and thermal diffusion coefficients of binary mixtures of isobutylbenzene and n-alkanes at different concentrations from the optical beam deflection technique. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:024202. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5082963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Arantes Furtado
- Chemical Engineering Department, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
- Chemical Engineering Program - PEQ/COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Abbas Firoozabadi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
- Reservoir Engineering Research Institute, Palo Alto, California 94301, USA
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11
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Antoun S, Saghir MZ, Srinivasan S. Composition effect on thermophobicity of ternary mixtures: An enhanced molecular dynamics method. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:034502. [PMID: 30037253 DOI: 10.1063/1.5031004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermodiffusion or the Ludwig-Soret effect is known as the cross effect between the temperature gradient and induced separation of mixture species in multicomponent mixtures. The performance of the boundary driven non-equilibrium molecular dynamics enhanced heat exchange (eHEX) algorithm was validated by evaluating the sign and magnitude of the thermodiffusion process in methane/n-butane/n-dodecane (nC1-nC4-nC12) ternary mixtures. The eHEX algorithm consists of an extended version of the HEX algorithm with an improved energy conservation property. In addition to this, the transferable potentials for phase equilibria-united atom augmented force field was employed in all molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to accurately represent molecular interactions in the fluid. Our newly employed MD algorithm was capable to appropriately reflect the thermophobicity concept and the coupled effect of relative density and mole fraction of the mixture species on the thermodiffusion process. The separation ratio of the ternary mixture for five different compositions (at 333.15 K and 35 MPa) showed good agreement with experimental data and better accuracy in predicting the sign change of the intermediate component (nC4) as its concentration in the mixture increases, when compared to other MD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Antoun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
| | - M Ziad Saghir
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
| | - S Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B2K3, Canada
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12
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Antoun S, Saghir MZ, Srinivasan S. An improved molecular dynamics algorithm to study thermodiffusion in binary hydrocarbon mixtures. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:104507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5016342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Antoun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - M. Ziad Saghir
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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13
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Tsuji T, Iseki H, Hanasaki I, Kawano S. Negative thermophoresis of nanoparticles interacting with fluids through a purely-repulsive potential. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:475101. [PMID: 29027907 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermophoretic forces acting on nanoparticles are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. We assume the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential for the interaction between fluid molecules. On the other hand, the interaction between the nanoparticle and the surrounding fluid molecules are assumed to be either LJ or Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) potential, where the latter is purely-repulsive. The effect of the interaction potential on the thermophoretic force is investigated for various situations. It is found that the thermophoretic force basically acts in the direction from the hotter side to the colder side of the nanoparticle. However, when the surrounding fluid is in the liquid phase, the force acts in the reversed direction for the case of the WCA potential. It is clarified that the sign reversal is caused by the different structures observed in the distribution of repulsive forces acting on the nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Tsuji
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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14
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Galliero G, Bataller H, Bazile JP, Diaz J, Croccolo F, Hoang H, Vermorel R, Artola PA, Rousseau B, Vesovic V, Bou-Ali MM, Ortiz de Zárate JM, Xu S, Zhang K, Montel F, Verga A, Minster O. Thermodiffusion in multicomponent n-alkane mixtures. NPJ Microgravity 2017; 3:20. [PMID: 28879228 PMCID: PMC5554197 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-017-0026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Compositional grading within a mixture has a strong impact on the evaluation of the pre-exploitation distribution of hydrocarbons in underground layers and sediments. Thermodiffusion, which leads to a partial diffusive separation of species in a mixture due to the geothermal gradient, is thought to play an important role in determining the distribution of species in a reservoir. However, despite recent progress, thermodiffusion is still difficult to measure and model in multicomponent mixtures. In this work, we report on experimental investigations of the thermodiffusion of multicomponent n-alkane mixtures at pressure above 30 MPa. The experiments have been conducted in space onboard the Shi Jian 10 spacecraft so as to isolate the studied phenomena from convection. For the two exploitable cells, containing a ternary liquid mixture and a condensate gas, measurements have shown that the lightest and heaviest species had a tendency to migrate, relatively to the rest of the species, to the hot and cold region, respectively. These trends have been confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. The measured condensate gas data have been used to quantify the influence of thermodiffusion on the initial fluid distribution of an idealised one dimension reservoir. The results obtained indicate that thermodiffusion tends to noticeably counteract the influence of gravitational segregation on the vertical distribution of species, which could result in an unstable fluid column. This confirms that, in oil and gas reservoirs, the availability of thermodiffusion data for multicomponent mixtures is crucial for a correct evaluation of the initial state fluid distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Galliero
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs-IPRA, E2S, UMR5150, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/TOTAL, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Henri Bataller
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs-IPRA, E2S, UMR5150, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/TOTAL, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Jean-Patrick Bazile
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs-IPRA, E2S, UMR5150, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/TOTAL, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Joseph Diaz
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs-IPRA, E2S, UMR5150, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/TOTAL, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Fabrizio Croccolo
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs-IPRA, E2S, UMR5150, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/TOTAL, 64000 Pau, France
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) 2, Place Maurice Quentin, 75001 Paris, France
| | - Hai Hoang
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs-IPRA, E2S, UMR5150, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/TOTAL, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Romain Vermorel
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs-IPRA, E2S, UMR5150, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/CNRS/TOTAL, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Pierre-Arnaud Artola
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Velisa Vesovic
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Mounir Bou-Ali
- MGEP Mondragon GoiEskola Politeknikoa, Mechanical and Industrial Manufacturing Department, Mondragon, Spain
| | | | - Shenghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microgravity, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development), CNPC, Beijing, China
| | | | - Antonio Verga
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
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15
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Hoang H, Delage-Santacreu S, Galliero G. Simultaneous Description of Equilibrium, Interfacial, and Transport Properties of Fluids Using a Mie Chain Coarse-Grained Force Field. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hoang
- Laboratoire
des Fluides Complexes et Leurs Reservoirs-IPRA, UMR5150, CNRS/Total/Univ Pau Et Pays Adour, 64000, PAU, France
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Stéphanie Delage-Santacreu
- Laboratoire
de Mathematiques et De Leurs Applications de PAU−IPRA, UMR5142, CNRS/Univ Pau et Pays Adour, 64000, PAU, France
| | - Guillaume Galliero
- Laboratoire
des Fluides Complexes et Leurs Reservoirs-IPRA, UMR5150, CNRS/Total/Univ Pau Et Pays Adour, 64000, PAU, France
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16
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Shukla K. Statistical thermodynamics of thermal diffusion factors in binary hydrocarbon mixtures – an application. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1275857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keshawa Shukla
- Subsea Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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17
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Jackson N, Rubi JM, Bresme F. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of the thermal transport properties of Lennard-Jones fluids using configurational temperatures. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2016.1168926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niall Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - J. Miguel Rubi
- Departmento de Fisica, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Artola PA, Rousseau B. Isotopic Soret effect in ternary mixtures: Theoretical predictions and molecular simulations. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:174503. [PMID: 26547172 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we study the Soret effect in ternary fluid mixtures of isotopic argon like atoms. Soret coefficients have been computed using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics and a theoretical approach based on our extended Prigogine model (with mass effect) and generalized to mixtures with any number of components. As is well known for binary mixture studies, the heaviest component always accumulates on the cold side whereas the lightest species accumulate on the hot side. An interesting behavior is observed for the species with the intermediate mass: it can accumulate on both sides, depending on composition and mass ratios. A simple picture can be given to understand this change of sign: the intermediate mass species can be seen as evolving in an equivalent fluid whose species mass varies with composition. An excellent prediction of all simulated data has been obtained using our model including the change of sign of the Soret coefficient for species with intermediate mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, CNRS Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Furtado FA, Silveira AJ, Abreu CRA, Tavares FW. NON-EQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS USED TO OBTAIN SORET COEFFICIENTS OF BINARY HYDROCARBON MIXTURES. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150323s00003445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Bou-Ali MM, Ahadi A, Alonso de Mezquia D, Galand Q, Gebhardt M, Khlybov O, Köhler W, Larrañaga M, Legros JC, Lyubimova T, Mialdun A, Ryzhkov I, Saghir MZ, Shevtsova V, Van Vaerenbergh S. Benchmark values for the Soret, thermodiffusion and molecular diffusion coefficients of the ternary mixture tetralin+isobutylbenzene+n-dodecane with 0.8-0.1-0.1 mass fraction. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2015; 38:30. [PMID: 25916233 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2015-15030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of providing reliable benchmark values, we have measured the Soret, thermodiffusion and molecular diffusion coefficients for the ternary mixture formed by 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, isobutylbenzene and n-dodecane for a mass fraction of 0.8-0.1-0.1 and at a temperature of 25°C. The experimental techniques used by the six participating laboratories are Optical Digital Interferometry, Taylor Dispersion technique, Open Ended Capillary, Optical Beam Deflection, Thermogravitational technique and Sliding Symmetric Tubes technique in ground conditions and Selectable Optical Diagnostic Instrument (SODI) in microgravity conditions. The measurements obtained in the SODI installation have been analyzed independently by four laboratories. Benchmark values are proposed for the thermodiffusion and Soret coefficients and for the eigenvalues of the diffusion matrix in ground conditions, and for Soret coefficients in microgravity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bou-Ali
- Mechanical and Industrial Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apdo 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain,
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Alonso de Mezquia D, Wang Z, Lapeira E, Klein M, Wiegand S, Mounir Bou-Ali M. Thermodiffusion, molecular diffusion and Soret coefficient of binary and ternary mixtures of n-hexane, n-dodecane and toluene. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2014; 37:106. [PMID: 25376978 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2014-14106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the thermodiffusion, molecular diffusion, and Soret coefficients of 12 binary mixtures composed of toluene, n-hexane and n-dodecane in the whole range of concentrations at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 298.15 K and 308.15 K have been determined. The experimental measurements have been carried out using the Thermogravitational Column, the Sliding Symmetric Tubes and the Thermal Diffusion Forced Rayleigh Scattering techniques. The results obtained using the different techniques show a maximum deviation of 9% for the thermodiffusion coefficient, 8% for the molecular diffusion coefficient and 2% for the Soret coefficient. For the first time we report a decrease of the thermodiffusion coefficient with increasing ratio of the thermal expansion coefficient and viscosity for a binary mixture of an organic ring compound with a short n-alkane. This observation is discussed in terms of interactions between the different components. Additionally, the thermogravitational technique has been used to measure the thermodiffusion coefficients of four ternary mixtures consisting of toluene, n-hexane and n-dodecane at 298.15 K. In order to complete the study, the values obtained for the molecular diffusion coefficient in binary mixtures, and the thermodiffusion coefficient of binary and ternary mixtures have been compared with recently derived correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alonso de Mezquia
- Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apartado 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
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22
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Predicting thermodiffusion in an arbitrary binary liquid hydrocarbon mixtures using artificial neural networks. Neural Comput Appl 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-014-1603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Ahadi A, Varenbergh SV, Saghir MZ. Measurement of the Soret coefficients for a ternary hydrocarbon mixture in low gravity environment. J Chem Phys 2014; 138:204201. [PMID: 23742467 DOI: 10.1063/1.4802984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the Soret coefficients of binary mixtures have been widely measured in the past, here we report the first measurement of the Soret coefficient of a ternary mixture in a low gravity environment on board the International Space Station. The sample was contained in a 10 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm (w, l, h) cell and was monitored by means of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer at two wavelengths. The analyzed sample was a mixture of tetrahydronaphthalene, isobutylbenzene, and dodecane at the weight fraction of 0.1∕0.8∕0.1. While the lateral walls of the cell did not possess complete thermal isolation, the separation of the components in the central region of the cavity was comparable to purely diffusive behavior. The same experimental parameters have been monitored in Run7 and Run12 of the Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument-Diffusion and Soret Coefficient experiment in order to verify the accuracy of the setup. The similarity of the results demonstrates the repeatability of thermodiffusion experiments in a microgravity environment. There was nearly equal separation of the tetrahydronaphthalene and isobutylbenzene components in opposite directions, while dodecane experienced a weak separation in the same direction as isobutylbenzene. Finally, Fourier image processing and calculations of the transient separation of the components were used to analyze the heat transfer in the system and to measure the Soret coefficients for this ternary mixture. The successful measurements shown in this work can serve as the standard for ground experiments and for numerical modeling of hydrocarbon mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahadi
- Microgravity Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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24
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Artola PA, Rousseau B. Thermal diffusion in simple liquid mixtures: what have we learnt from molecular dynamics simulations? Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.837534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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26
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Römer F, Bresme F. Heat conduction and thermomolecular orientation in diatomic fluids: a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2012.709631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Srinivasan S, Saghir MZ. New algebraic expressions for thermodiffusion in binaryn-alkane mixtures. CAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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A neurocomputing model to calculate the thermo-solutal diffusion in liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Neural Comput Appl 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-012-1217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Römer F, Lervik A, Bresme F. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of the thermal conductivity of water: A systematic investigation of the SPC/E and TIP4P/2005 models. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:074503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4739855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Muscatello J, Bresme F. A comparison of Coulombic interaction methods in non-equilibrium studies of heat transfer in water. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:234111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3670965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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VanVaerenbergh S, Srinivasan S, Saghir MZ. Thermodiffusion in multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures: Experimental investigations and computational analysis. J Chem Phys 2010; 131:114505. [PMID: 19778127 DOI: 10.1063/1.3211303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In an unprecedented experimental investigation, a ternary and a four component hydrocarbon mixture at high pressure have been studied in a nearly convection free environment to understand the thermodiffusion process. A binary mixture has also been investigated in this environment. Experimental investigations of the three mixtures have been conducted in space onboard the spacecraft FOTON-M3 thereby isolating the gravity-induced convection that otherwise interferes with thermodiffusion experiments on Earth. The experimental results have also been used to test a thermodiffusion model that has been calibrated based on the results of previous experimental investigations. It was found that with an increase in the number of components in the mixtures, the performance of the thermodiffusion model deteriorated. Computational analysis was also made to estimate the possible sources of errors. Simulations showed that the vibrations of the spacecraft could influence the estimates of thermodiffusion factors. It was also found that they are sensitive to slight variations in the temperature of the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan VanVaerenbergh
- Department of Chem-Phys. E. P., Universite Libre De Bruxelles, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP 165/62 B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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32
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Srinivasan S, Saghir MZ. Measurements on thermodiffusion in ternary hydrocarbon mixtures at high pressure. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:124508. [PMID: 19791895 DOI: 10.1063/1.3236745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental investigations on thermodiffusion have been conducted for five different ternary mixtures of methane, n-butane, and n-dodecane at a high temperature and pressure. While the mole fraction of methane was fixed at 0.2 the mole fraction of n-dodecane was varied from 0.7 to 0.2. The experiments were performed in a microgravity environment on board the satellite FOTON-M3. It was found that in all mixtures, n-dodecane separated to the cold side whereas methane segregated to the hot side. n-butane, the species with an intermediate density, showed a change in sign as its mole fraction was increased. At low concentrations it collected on the cold side but moved in the opposite direction with an increase in its mole fraction. The role of the relative density coupled with the species concentrations has been used to explain the thermodiffusion factor in each mixture. Computational investigations showed a similar behavior. However, the theoretical model was not able to capture the sign change of n-butane accurately. The inadequate representation of the significance of the relative densities and the mole fraction of the species has been found as the reason for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srinivasan
- Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Harstad
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109
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34
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Eslamian M, Saghir MZ. Dynamic thermodiffusion model for binary liquid mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 80:011201. [PMID: 19658691 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.011201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Following the nonequilibrium thermodynamics approach, we develop a dynamic model to emulate thermo-diffusion process and propose expressions for estimating the thermal diffusion factor in binary nonassociating liquid mixtures. Here, we correlate the net heat of transport in thermodiffusion with parameters, such as the mixture temperature and pressure, the size and shape of the molecules, and mobility of the components, because the molecules have to become activated before they can move. Based on this interpretation, the net heat of transport of each component can be somehow related to the viscosity and the activation energy of viscous flow of the same component defined in Eyring's reaction-rate theory [S. Glasstone, K. J. Laidler, and H. Eyring, (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1941)]. This modeling approach is different from that of Haase and Kempers, in which thermodiffusion is considered as a function of the thermostatic properties of the mixture such as enthalpy. In simulating thermodiffusion, by correlating the net heat of transport with the activation energy of viscous flow, effects of the above mentioned parameters are accounted for, to some extent of course. The model developed here along with Haase-Kempers and Drickamer-Firoozabadi models linked with the Peng-Robinson equation of sate are evaluated against the experimental data for several recent nonassociating binary mixtures at various temperatures, pressures, and concentrations. Although the model prediction is still not perfect, the model is simple and easy to use, physically justified, and predicts the experimental data very good and much better than the existing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Eslamian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
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35
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Yan Y, Blanco P, Saghir MZ, Bou-Ali MM. An improved theoretical model for thermal diffusion coefficient in liquid hydrocarbon mixtures: Comparison between experimental and numerical results. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:194507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2976012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Polyakov P, Müller-Plathe F, Wiegand S. Reverse Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Calculation of the Soret Coefficient in Liquid Heptane/Benzene Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:14999-5004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805449j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Polyakov
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF—Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany, and Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische and Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20 D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF—Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany, and Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische and Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20 D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simone Wiegand
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF—Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany, and Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische and Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 20 D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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37
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Artola PA, Rousseau B, Galliéro G. A new model for thermal diffusion: kinetic approach. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10963-9. [PMID: 18652459 DOI: 10.1021/ja800817f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a new model for thermal diffusion, and we compare its results for both simple and real systems. This model is derived from a kinetic approach with explicit mass and chemical contributions. It involves self-diffusion activation free energies, following Prigogine's original approach. We performed, furthermore, both equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics evaluations in order to compute respectively the self-diffusion activation free enthalpies and the Soret coefficient when no experimental data were available. Our model is in very good agreement with simulation data on Lennard-Jones mixtures, and a good behavior is noted for the water-ethanol mixture, where the composition dependence at which the Soret coefficient changes its sign is predicted very accurately. Finally, we propose a new water-ethanol experiment at higher temperature in order to check the validity of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Arnaud Artola
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
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38
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Blanco P, Polyakov P, Bou-Ali MM, Wiegand S. Thermal Diffusion and Molecular Diffusion Values for Some Alkane Mixtures: A Comparison between Thermogravitational Column and Thermal Diffusion Forced Rayleigh Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8340-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801894b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Blanco
- Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apartado 23, 20500 Mondragon, Spain, and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF—Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Pavel Polyakov
- Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apartado 23, 20500 Mondragon, Spain, and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF—Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - M. Mounir Bou-Ali
- Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apartado 23, 20500 Mondragon, Spain, and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF—Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Wiegand
- Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apartado 23, 20500 Mondragon, Spain, and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF—Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
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39
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Galliero G, Volz S. Thermodiffusion in model nanofluids by molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:064505. [PMID: 18282054 DOI: 10.1063/1.2834545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new algorithm is proposed to compute single particle (infinite dilution) thermodiffusion using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations through the estimation of the thermophoretic force that applies on a solute particle. This scheme is shown to provide consistent results for model nanofluids in the liquid state (spherical nonmetallic nanoparticles+Lennard-Jones fluid) where it appears that thermodiffusion amplitude, as well as thermal conductivity, decreases with nanoparticle concentration. Then, by changing the nature of the nanoparticle (size, mass, and internal stiffness) and that of the solvent (quality and viscosity), various trends are exhibited. In all cases, the single particle thermodiffusion is positive, i.e., the nanoparticle tends to migrate toward the cold area. The single particle thermal diffusion coefficient is shown to be independent of the size of the nanoparticle (diameter of 0.8-4 nm), whereas it increases with the quality of the solvent and is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the fluid. In addition, this coefficient is shown to be independent of the mass of the nanoparticle and to increase with the stiffness of the nanoparticle internal bonds. Besides, for these configurations, the mass diffusion coefficient behavior appears to be consistent with a Stokes-Einstein-like law.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Galliero
- Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes (UMR-5150), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, BP 1155, F-64013 PAU Cedex, France.
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40
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Polyakov P, Wiegand S. Systematic study of the thermal diffusion in associated mixtures. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:034505. [PMID: 18205508 DOI: 10.1063/1.2819672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed systematic temperature and concentration dependent measurements of the Soret coefficient in different associated binary mixtures of water, deuterated water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, ethanol, acetone, methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and propionaldehyde using the so-called thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering method. For some of the associating binary mixtures such as ethanol/water, acetone/water, and DMSO/water, the concentration xw+/- at which the Soret coefficient changes its sign does not depend on temperature and is equal to the concentration xw x where the Soret coefficient isotherms intersect. For others such as 1-propanol/water, 2-propanol/water, and ethanol/DMSO, the sign change concentration is temperature dependent, which is the typical behavior observed for nonassociating mixtures. For systems with xw+/-=xw x, we found that xw+/- depends linearly on the ratio of the vaporization enthalpies of the pure components. Probably due to the similarity of methanol and DMSO, we do not observe a sign change for this mixture. The obtained results are related to structural changes in the fluid observed by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometric, and x-ray experiments in the literature. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions and the solubility on thermal diffusion behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Polyakov
- IFF-Weiche Materie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany.
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41
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Leonardi E, D'Aguanno B, Angeli C. Influence of the interaction potential and of the temperature on the thermodiffusion (Soret) coefficient in a model system. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:054507. [PMID: 18266455 DOI: 10.1063/1.2830716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper the thermodiffusive behavior of an equimolar binary mixture subject to repulsive potentials of the form (sigma/r)(n) is investigated by using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) and the thermodiffusion (Soret) coefficient, S(T), is computed in a wide range of temperatures. With the aim to contribute to the study of the dependence of the Soret coefficient on the interaction potential, the exponent n of the potential is varied from 1 to 12, that is from a pseudocoulombian to a pseudohard-sphere interaction. The steady state equation is integrated for the composition function under reasonable assumptions and it is shown that in some cases the request for it to be linear cannot be satisfied. For this reason nonlinear functions are used to fit the NEMD composition data. The simulations indicate a negligible dependence of S(T) on the composition (in the composition range here considered) while the dependence on the temperature is more marked. The computed values of S(T) as a function of the temperature are fitted with analytical functions. It is found that with n> or =3 (medium and short range interaction) the model system behaves like a dilute gas mixture with the Soret coefficient varying with the temperature almost like 1/T. In the case of n=1 (long range interaction), S(T) has a more complex dependence on T: in particular it shows a change of sign. The analytical fitting functions, S(T)(T), are used in the integrated steady state equation thus obtaining the steady state composition profile and its comparison with the NEMD results indicates the grounding of the approach here proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia Leonardi
- CRS4, Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico, POLARIS, Edificio 1, 09010 Pula, Italy.
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42
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Zhang M, Müller-Plathe F. The Soret effect in dilute polymer solutions: influence of chain length, chain stiffness, and solvent quality. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:124903. [PMID: 17014204 DOI: 10.1063/1.2356469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal diffusion in dilute polymer solutions is studied by reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. The polymers are represented by a generic bead-spring model. The influence of the solvent quality on the Soret coefficient is investigated. At constant temperature and monomer fraction, a better solvent quality causes a higher affinity for the polymer to the cold region. This may even go to thermal-diffusion-induced phase separation. The sign of the Soret coefficient changes in a symmetric nonideal binary Lennard-Jones solution when the solvent quality switches from good to poor. The known independence of the thermal diffusion coefficients of the molecular weight is reproduced for three groups of polymers with different chain stiffnesses. The thermal diffusion coefficients reach constant values at chain lengths of around two to three times the persistence length. Moreover, rigid polymers have higher Soret coefficients and thermal diffusion coefficients than more flexible polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Zhang
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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44
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Polyakov P, Zhang M, Müller-Plathe F, Wiegand S. Thermal diffusion measurements and simulations of binary mixtures of spherical molecules. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:014502. [PMID: 17627355 DOI: 10.1063/1.2746327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering measurements on binary mixtures of carbon tetrabromide (CBr(4)), tetraethylsilane, and di-tert-butylsilane in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) are reported at different temperatures and concentrations. The Soret coefficient of CBr(4) in CCl(4) is positive and S(T) of both silanes in CCl(4) is negative, which implies that the heavier component always moves to the cold side. This is the expected behavior for unpolar simple molecules. Both silanes have the same mass so the influence of the difference in shape and moment of inertia could be studied. For all three systems, S(T) decreases with decreasing CCl(4) concentration. The results are discussed in the framework of thermodynamic theories and the Hildebrand parameter concept. Additionally, the Soret coefficients for both silaneCCl(4) systems were determined by nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics calculations. The simulations predict the correct direction of the thermophoretic motion and reflect the stronger drive toward the warm side for di-tert-butylsilane compared to the more symmetric tetraethylsilane. The values deviate systematically between 9% and 18% from the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Polyakov
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF--Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany.
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45
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Ning H, Wiegand S. Experimental investigation of the Soret effect in acetone/water and dimethylsulfoxide/water mixtures. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:221102. [PMID: 17176127 DOI: 10.1063/1.2402159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal diffusion behavior of acetone/water and dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)/water mixtures has been experimentally investigated by a transient holographic grating technique named thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS). For both systems a sign change of the Soret coefficient S(T) with varying water content has been predicted by simulations [C. Nieto Draghi et al., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 114503 (2005)]. The sign change of S(T) is confirmed by the experiment. Except for equimolar concentrations of acetone/water the agreement between the experimental and simulation data is reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ning
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF-Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany.
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Leahy-Dios A, Firoozabadi A. Molecular and Thermal Diffusion Coefficients of Alkane−Alkane and Alkane−Aromatic Binary Mixtures: Effect of Shape and Size of Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2006; 111:191-8. [PMID: 17201443 DOI: 10.1021/jp064719q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New molecular and thermal diffusion coefficients of binary mixtures of normal decane-normal alkanes and methylnaphthalene-normal alkanes are measured at atmospheric pressure and T = 25 degrees C. The normal alkanes used in this work include nC5-nC20. Thermal diffusion coefficients were measured in a thermogravitational column. Molecular diffusion coefficients were measured using an open-ended capillary tube technique. Results show a significant effect of molecular shape and size on thermal and molecular diffusion coefficients. Molecular diffusion coefficients show a monotonic behavior in both aromatic-normal alkane and normal decane-normal alkane mixtures. Thermal diffusion coefficients reveal a nonmonotonic trend with molecular size in the normal decane-normal alkane mixtures. This is the first report of the nonmonotonic behavior in the literature. The data presented in this paper provide an accurate self-molecular diffusion coefficient for nC10 from binary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Leahy-Dios
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mason Lab, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA
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Polyakov P, Luettmer-Strathmann J, Wiegand S. Study of the Thermal Diffusion Behavior of Alkane/Benzene Mixtures by Thermal Diffusion Forced Rayleigh Scattering Experiments and Lattice Model Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:26215-24. [PMID: 17181279 DOI: 10.1021/jp065825v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work the thermal diffusion behavior of binary mixtures of linear alkanes (heptane, nonane, undecane, tridecane, pentadecane, heptadecane) in benzene has been investigated by thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS) for a range of concentrations and temperatures. The Soret coefficient ST of the alkane was found to be negative for these n-alkane/benzene mixtures indicating that the alkanes are enriched in the warmer regions of the liquid mixtures. For the compositions investigated in this work, the magnitude of the Soret coefficient decreases with increasing chain length and increasing alkane content of the mixtures. The temperature dependence of the Soret coefficient depends on mixture composition and alkane chain length; the slope of ST versus temperature changes from positive to negative with increasing chain length at intermediate compositions. To study the influence of molecular architecture on the Soret effect, mixtures of branched alkanes (2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) in benzene were also investigated. Our results for the Soret coefficients show that the tendency for the alkanes to move to the warmer regions of the fluid decreases with increasing degree of branching. The branching effect is so strong that for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane/benzene mixtures the Soret coefficient changes sign at high alkane content and that equimolar 2,2,3-trimethylbutane/benzene mixtures have positive Soret coefficients in the investigated temperature range. In order to investigate the effect of molecular interactions on thermal diffusion, we adapted a recently developed two-chamber lattice model to n-alkane/benzene mixtures. The model includes the effects of chain-length, compressibility, and orientation dependence of benzene-benzene interactions and yields good qualitative predictions for the Soret effect in n-alkane/benzene mixtures. For the branched isomers, we find some correlations between the moments of inertia of the molecules and the Soret coefficients. PACS numbers: 66.10.Cb, 61.25.Hq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Polyakov
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF-Weiche Materie, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
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Wittko G, Köhler W. Influence of isotopic substitution on the diffusion and thermal diffusion coefficient of binary liquids. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2006; 21:283-91. [PMID: 17237907 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2006-10066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The mutual mass diffusion coefficient (D) and the thermal diffusion coefficient ( D (T)) of the liquids acetone, benzene, benzene-d1, benzene-d3, benzene-d5, benzene-d6, benzene- 13C6, n-hexane, toluene, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphtalene, isobutylbenzene, and 1, 6-dibromohexane in protonated and perdeuterated cyclohexane have been measured with a transient holographic grating technique at a temperature of 25 degrees C. The mass diffusion coefficient shows a pronounced concentration dependence. Perdeuteration of cyclohexane only leads to marginal changes of the mass diffusion coefficient. The Stokes-Einstein equation describes the limiting tracer diffusion coefficients well if the solute molecule is smaller than the solvent. It is not capable to describe the small isotope effect of a few percent. On the other hand, the isotope effect, which is independent of concentration, is in agreement with the Enskog theory, that does not provide the absolute value of the mass diffusion coefficient of the liquid mixtures. The thermal diffusion coefficient of all the binary mixtures shows a moderate and almost linear concentration dependence. Its isotope effect, which is the change of D(T) upon deuteration of cyclohexane, varies with mole fraction. The thermophoretic force acting on any tracer molecule in cyclohexane changes by the same amount when cyclohexane is perdeuterated, irrespective of the magnitude of the thermophoretic force before deuteration. This change of the thermophoretic force is equal but of opposite sign to the difference between the thermophoretic forces acting on cyclohexane and perdeuterated cyclohexane as tracers in any of the above liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wittko
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Brenner H. Elementary kinematical model of thermal diffusion in liquids and gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 74:036306. [PMID: 17025742 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.036306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An elementary hydrodynamic and Brownian motion model of the thermal diffusivity D(T) of a restricted class of binary liquid mixtures, previously proposed by the author, is given a more transparent derivation than originally, exposing thereby the strictly kinematic-hydrodynamic nature of an important class of thermodiffusion separation phenomena. Moreover, it is argued that the solvent's thermometric diffusivity alpha appearing in that theory as one of the two fundamental parameters governing D(T) should be replaced by the solvent's (isothermal) self-diffusivity D(S). In addition, a corrective multiplier of O(1) is inserted to reflect the general physicochemical noninertness of the solute relative to the solvent, thus enhancing the applicability of the resulting formula D(T)=lambdaD(S)beta to "nonideal" solutions. Here, beta is the solvent's thermal expansivity and lambda is a term of O(1), insensitive to the physicochemical nature of the solute (thus rendering D(T) primarily dependent upon only the properties of the solvent). This formula is, on the basis of its derivation, presumably valid only under certain idealized, albeit well-defined, circumstances. This occurs when the solute molecules are: (i) large compared with those of the solvent; and (ii) present only in small proportions relative to those of the solvent. When the solute is physicochemically inert, it is expected that lambda=1. When these conditions are met, the resulting thermal diffusivity of the mixture is, in theory, independent of any and all properties of the solute. Moreover, because beta is algebraically signed, the thermal diffusivity can either by positive or negative, according as the solvent expands or contracts upon being heated. This formula for D(T) is compared with available experimental data for selected binary liquid mixtures. Reasonable agreement is found in almost all circumstances with lambda near unity, the more so the higher the temperature, especially when the solute-solvent mixture properties closely approximate those where agreement would be expected and conversely. Finally, it is pointed out that for the restricted circumstances described, the formula D(T)=lambdaD(S)beta is equally credible for gases. Here, based on gas-kinetic theory, it is possible to furnish the theoretical value of lambda. Overall, while spanning a range of about five orders of magnitude, the D(T) values given by this elementary formula are shown to apply with reasonable accuracy to: (i) liquids (including circumstances for which D(T) is negative) as well as gases; (ii) all combinations of solvents and solutes tested (the latter including, for example, polymer molecules and metallic colloidal particles); and (iii) all sizes of solute molecules, from angstroms to submicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Brenner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
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Sugaya R, Wolf BA, Kita R. Thermal diffusion of dextran in aqueous solutions in the absence and the presence of urea. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:435-40. [PMID: 16471913 DOI: 10.1021/bm050545r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ludwig-Soret effect was studied for aqueous solutions of dextran in the temperature range 15 < T < 55 degrees C taking into account the effect of the addition of urea. In the absence of urea, the Soret coefficient S(T) changes sign; it is positive for T > 45.0 degrees C but negative for T < 45.0 degrees C. The positive sign of S(T) means that the dextran molecules migrate toward the cold side of the fluid; this behavior is typical for polymer solutions, whereas a negative sign indicates the macromolecules move toward the hot side. The addition of urea to the aqueous solution of dextran rises S(T) and reduces the inversion temperature. For 2 M urea the change in the sign of S(T) is observed at T = 29.7 degrees C and beyond that value S(T) is always positive in the studied temperature range. To rationalize these observations, it is assumed that the addition of urea leads to an opening of hydrogen bonds similar to that induced by an increase in temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Sugaya
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 13, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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