Vacuum ultraviolet pulsed field ionization-photoelectron study of OCS in the energy range of 15–19 eV

High-Resolution Imaging Study on Photodissociation of OCS+ [A2ΠΩ=1/2,3/2 (ν1 0 ν3)]

The development of the velocity map ion imaging (VMI) technique has greatly advanced the study of photodissociation dynamics. The high-resolution imaging study of the photodissociation allows for the acquisition of precise and detailed information on the fragments. This information can further provide more insight into the energy partition and potential pathways involved in the photodissociation process. In this study, we report the investigation on the photodissociation of OCS+ via the A2ΠΩ=1/2,3/2 states following the excitation of A2Π (ν1 0 ν3) ← X2Π (0 0 0) by using time-sliced VMI techniques in the ultraviolet region. Our investigation revealed significant mode-dependent recoil anisotropies and branching ratios of two product channels for both Ω = 1/2 and Ω = 3/2. The photolysis products also exhibited dramatic deviation in angular distributions and generally comparable kinetic energy distributions following the excitation to the same vibrational modes of A2ΠΩ states with two separate spin-orbit components. According to the observation in this study and previously reported photodissociation mechanisms of the OCS+ cations, the decay from the A2Π3/2 state was more likely via the internal conversion to high rovibrational states of the X2Π state, in comparison to the A2Π1/2 state.

Vibrational state-specific nonadiabatic photodissociation dynamics of OCS+ via A2Π1/2 (ν1 0 ν3) states

The identification and analysis of quantum state-specific effects can significantly deepen our understanding of detailed photodissociation dynamics. Here, we report an experimental investigation on the vibrational state-mediated photodissociation of the OCS+ cation via the A2Π1/2 (ν1 0 ν3) states by using the velocity map ion imaging technique over the photolysis wavelength range of 263-294 nm. It was found that the electronically excited S+ product channel S+(2Du) + CO (X1Σ+) was significantly enhanced when the ν1 and ν3 vibrational modes were excited. Clear deviations in the branching ratios of the electronically excited S+ channel were observed when the vibrational modes ν1 and ν3 were selectively excited. The results reveal that vibrationally excited states play a vital role in influencing the nonadiabatic couplings in the photodissociation process.

Renner−Teller Bending Frequencies of the à 2Π State of OCS+

There are inconsistencies among previously reported Renner-Teller bending frequencies for the approximately A 2Pi state of OCS+. To resolve these controversies, we have computed vibrational frequencies using high-level excited electronic state ab initio equation-of-motion coupled cluster methods. On the basis of equation-of-motion coupled cluster theory including single, double, and iterative inclusion of partial triple excitations (EOM-CC3) paired with the correlation-consistent polarized valence quadruple-zeta basis set (cc-pVQZ), we predict harmonic bending frequencies of 364 and 401 cm-1 for the A' and A" components of approximately A 2Pi OCS+, respectively. Particularly for the upper Renner-Teller component, these results are lower than the theoretical predictions of 370 and 459 cm-1 reported by Chen, Hochlaf, Rosmus, He, and Ng [J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 116, 5612]. Instead, the presently computed bending frequencies are more consistent with the experimentally derived average value of 357 +/- 5 cm-1 recently reported by Sommavilla and Merkt [J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108, 9970], lending credence to the spectral assignments made in this later work. The two components of the Renner-Teller bending frequencies of approximately X 2Pi OCS+ are similarly predicted to be 396 and 453 cm-1. Anharmonicity constants arising from a quartic force field computed at the cc-pVQZ EOM-CC3 level of theory are given, to provide a more complete characterization of the potential energy surface of the approximately A 2Pi state of OCS+.

Dissociation of the OCS+ ion in low-lying electronic states studied using multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory

Complete active space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) and multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) calculations with atomic natural orbital basis sets were performed to investigate the S-loss direct dissociation of the 1 2Pi(X 2Pi), 2 2Pi(A 2Pi), 1 2Sigma+(B 2Sigma+), 1 4Sigma-, 1 2Sigma-, and 1 2Delta states of the OCS+ ion and the predissociations of the 1 2Pi, 2 2Pi, and 1 2Sigma+ states. Our calculations indicate that the S-loss dissociation products of the OCS(+) ion in the six states are the ground-state CO molecule plus the S+ ion in different electronic states. The CASPT2//CASSCF potential energy curves were calculated for the S-loss dissociation from the six states. The calculations indicate that the dissociation of the 1 4Sigma- state leads to the CO + S+ (4Su) products representing the first dissociation limit; the dissociations of the 1 2Pi, 1 2Sigma-, and 1 2Delta states lead to the CO + S+(2Du) products representing the second dissociation limit; and the dissociations of the 2 2Pi and 1 2Sigma+ states lead to the CO + S+(2Pu) products representing the third dissociation limit. Seams of the 1 2Pi-1 4Sigma-, 2 2Pi-1 4Sigma-, 2 2Pi-1 2Sigma-, 2 2Pi-1 2Delta, and 1 2Sigma(+)-1 4Sigma- potential energy surface intersections were calculated at the CASPT2 level, and the minima along the seams were located. The calculations indicate that within the experimental energy range (15.07-16.0 eV) the 2 2Pi(A 2Pi) state can be predissociated by 1 4Sigma- forming the S+(4Su) ion and can undergo internal conversion to 1 2Pi followed by the direct dissociation of 1 2Pi forming S+(2Du) and that within the experimental energy range (16.04-16.54 eV) the 1 2Sigma+(B 2Sigma+) state can be predissociated by 1 4Sigma- forming the S+(4Su) ion and can undergo internal conversion to 2 2Pi followed by the predissociation of 2 2Pi by 1 2Sigma- and 1 2Delta forming the S+(2Du) ion. These indications are in line with the experimental fact that both the 4Su and 2Du states of the S+ ion can be formed from the 2 2Pi and 1 2Sigma+ states of the OCS+ ion.

A vacuum ultraviolet pulsed field ionization-photoelectron study of cyanogen cation in the energy range of 13.2–15.9 eV

The vacuum ultraviolet pulsed field ionization-photoelectron and photoionization efficiency spectra of NCCN have been measured in the energy region of 13.25-17.75 eV. The analyses of these spectra have provided accurate ionization energy (IE) values of 13.371+/-0.001, 14.529+/-0.001, 14.770+/-0.001, and 15.516+/-0.001 eV for the formation of NCCN(+) in the X(2)Pi(g), A(2)Sigma(g) (+), B(2)Sigma(u) (+), and C(2)Pi(u) states, respectively. The ionization energy [NCCN(+)(B(2)Sigma(u) (+))] value determined here indicates that the origin of the NCCN(+)(B(2)Sigma(u) (+)) state lies lower in energy by 25 meV than previously reported. A set of spectroscopic parameters for NCCN(+)(X(2)Pi(g)) has been calculated using high level ab initio calculations. The experimental spectra are found to consist of ionizing transitions populating the vibronic levels of NCCN(+), which consist of pure vibronic progressions, combination modes involving the symmetric CN stretch, the CC stretch, and even quanta of the antisymmetric CN stretch, and bending vibrations. These bands are identified with the guidance of the present ab initio calculations.

Imaging the Mode-Selected Predissociation of OCS+[(v1v2v3)B̃2Σ+]

A new experimental approach to explore the mode-selected chemistry is proposed and demonstrated here. In this approach a double-resonance excitation scheme is exploited to prepare a well-defined mode or state of a parent ion. A time-sliced velocity imaging technique interrogates the fragment ion from the subsequent predissociation. Application to the title process reveals remarkable mode-specific behaviors despite the long dissociation time associated with the indirect bond-breaking process. A qualitative interpretation of the major findings is surmised.

Vacuum ultraviolet pulsed-field ionization-photoelectron study of H2S in the energy range of 10–17 eV

Vacuum ultraviolet pulsed-field ionization-photoelectron (PFI-PE) spectra of H(2)S have been recorded at PFI-PE resolutions of 0.6-1.0 meV in the energy range of 10-17 eV using high-resolution synchrotron radiation. The PFI-PE spectrum, which covers the formation of the valence electronic states H(2)S(+) (X (2)B(1), A (2)A(1), and B (2)B(2)), is compared to the recent high-resolution He I photoelectron spectra of H(2)S obtained by Baltzer et al. [Chem. Phys. 195, 403 (1995)]. In addition to the overwhelmingly dominated origin vibrational band, the PFI-PE spectrum for H(2)S(+)(X (2)B(1)) is found to exhibit weak vibrational progressions due to excitation of the combination bands in the nu(1) (+) symmetric stretching and nu(2) (+) bending modes. While the ionization energy (IE) for H(2)S(+)(X (2)B(1)) obtained here is in accord with values determined in previously laser PFI-PE measurements, the observation of a new PFI-PE band at 12.642+/-0.001 eV suggests that the IE for H(2)S(+)(A (2)A(1)) may be 0.12 eV lower than that reported in the He I study. The simulation of rotational structures resolved in PFI-PE bands shows that the formation of H(2)S(+)(X (2)B(1)) and H(2)S(+)(A (2)A(1)) from photoionization of H(2)S(X (1)A(1)) is dominated by type-C and type-B transitions, respectively. This observation is consistent with predictions of the multichannel quantum defect theory. The small changes in rotational angular momentum observed are consistent with the dominant atomiclike character of the 2b(1) and 5a(1) molecular orbitals of H(2)S. The PFI-PE measurement has revealed perturbations of the (0, 6, 0) K(+)=3 and (0, 6, 0) K(+)=4 bands of H(2)S(+)(A (2)A(1)). Interpreting that these perturbations arise from Renner-Teller interactions at energies close to the common barriers to linearity of the H(2)S(+) (X (2)B(1) and A (2)A(1)) states, we have deduced a barrier of 23,209 cm(-1) for H(2)S(+)(X (2)B(1)) and 5668 cm(-1) for H(2)S(+)(A (2)A(1)). The barrier of 23 209 cm(-1) for H(2)S(+)(X (2)B(1)) is found to be in excellent agreement with the results of previous studies. The vibrational PFI-PE bands for H(2)S(+)(B (2)B(2)) are broad, indicative of the predissociative nature of this state.