1
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Jiang MX, Giannakidis IC, Samartzis PC, Kvaran Á. Multiphoton breakdown of acetylene; formation of organic building block fragments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1690-1704. [PMID: 36546456 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04467f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mass resolved REMPI spectra and electron and ion velocity map images were recorded for REMPI of acetylene in the case of two-photon resonant excitations to low lying 3p and 4p Rydberg states. Combined data analysis of ion signal intensities and electron and ion kinetic energy release distribution revealed multiphoton-fragmentation processes in terms of photodissociation and photoionization channels to form the molecular ion, C2H2+ and the fragment ions H+, C+, CH+, CH2+, C2+ and C2H+. The ratio of fragment ion formation over the parent ion formation increases with excitation energy. To a large extent, multiphoton-fragmentation involves the initial breakdown of the molecule into ground and excited state neutral fragments by two-, three- and four-photon dissociation processes prior to multiphoton ionization. The three-photon dissociation processes via superexcited molecular state(s) are found to be the most important and electronically excited fragment species playing a significant role in the overall multiphoton-fragmentation. Furthermore, the data are indicative of the involvement of secondary photodissociation processes and provide information on fragment energetics as well as state interactions. The question, whether acetylene could be an important source of building block fragments for the formation of organic molecules in interstellar space, is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xu Jiang
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Ioannis C Giannakidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Vassilika Vouton, 71110 Heraklion, Greece. .,Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Peter C Samartzis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Vassilika Vouton, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Ágúst Kvaran
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
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2
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Ashfold MNR, Ingle RA, Karsili TNV, Zhang J. Photoinduced C–H bond fission in prototypical organic molecules and radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13880-13901. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We survey and assess current knowledge regarding the primary photochemistry of hydrocarbon molecules and radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
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3
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Jiang J, Saladrigas CA, Erickson TJ, Keenan CL, Field RW. Probing the predissociated levels of the S 1 state of acetylene via H-atom fluorescence and photofragment fluorescence action spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:174309. [PMID: 30408969 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two new experimental schemes to obtain rotationally resolved high-resolution spectra of predissociated S1 acetylene levels in the 47 000-47 300 cm-1 energy region (∼1200 cm-1 above the predissociation threshold). The two new detection schemes are compared to several other detection schemes (employed at similar laser power, molecular beam temperature, and number of signal averages) that have been used in our laboratory to study predissociated S1 acetylene levels, both in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the resultant spectra and experimental simplicity. In the first method, H-atoms from the predissociated S1 acetylene levels are probed by two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The H-atoms are pumped to the 3d level by the two-photon resonance transition at 205.14 nm. The resulting 3d-2p fluorescence (654.5 nm) is collected by a photomultiplier. The S/N of the H-atom fluorescence action spectrum is consistently better by ∼3× than that of the more widely used H-atom resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) detection. Laser alignment is also considerably easier in H-atom fluorescence detection than H-atom REMPI detection due to the larger number-density of molecules that can be used in fluorescence vs. REMPI detection schemes. In the second method, fluorescence from electronically excited C2 and C2H photofragments of S1 acetylene is detected. In contrast to the H-atom detection schemes, the detected C2 and C2H photofragments are produced by the same UV laser as is used for the à - X ̃ acetylene excitation. As a result, laser alignment is greatly simplified for the photofragment fluorescence detection scheme, compared to both H-atom detection schemes. Using the photofragment fluorescence detection method, we are able to obtain action spectra of predissociated S1 acetylene levels with S/N ∼2× better than the HCCH REMPI detection and ∼10× better than H-atom and HCCH LIF detection schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Catherine A Saladrigas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Trevor J Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Clare L Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert W Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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4
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Ryazantsev SV, Tarroni R, Feldman VI, Khriachtchev L. Effect of Noncovalent Interactions on Vibronic Transitions: An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the C2
H⋅⋅⋅CO2
Complex. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:949-958. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Ryazantsev
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P. O. Box 55 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Riccardo Tarroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università di Bologna, Viale; Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Vladimir I. Feldman
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Leonid Khriachtchev
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P. O. Box 55 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
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5
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Gans B, Garcia GA, Holzmeier F, Krüger J, Röder A, Lopes A, Fittschen C, Loison JC, Alcaraz C. Communication: On the first ionization threshold of the C 2H radical. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:011101. [PMID: 28063431 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow photoelectron spectrum of the ethynyl radical has been recorded for the first time by using the DESIRS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility. Ethynyl was generated using a microwave discharge flow tube. The observation of the X+Π3←XΣ+2 transition allowed the first direct measurement of the adiabatic ionization threshold of this radical (EI = 11.641(5) eV). The experimental results are supported by ab initio calculations. Our preliminary investigation of the cationic ground state potential energy surfaces predicts a non-negligible Renner-Teller effect which has not been discussed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gans
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - F Holzmeier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Krüger
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Röder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Lopes
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Bât. 350, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - C Fittschen
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522-PC2A-Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J-C Loison
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bât. A12, 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - C Alcaraz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Bât. 350, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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6
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Colliding the hydrocarbon building blocks of astrochemical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with 8 keV He+ and H2+ ions: Luminescence from methane, acetylene, benzene and naphthalene. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Schmidt-May AF, Grütter M, Neugebohren J, Kitsopoulos TN, Wodtke AM, Harding DJ. Rotationally Resolved Vacuum Ultraviolet Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization (VUV REMPI) of Acetylene via the G̃ Rydberg State. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5399-407. [PMID: 27073931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a 1 + 1' resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) scheme for acetylene via the linear G̃ 4sσ (1)Πu Rydberg state, offering partial rotational resolution and the possibility to detect excitation in both the cis- and trans-bending modes. The resonant transition to the G̃ state is driven by a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photon, generated by resonant four-wave mixing (FWM) in krypton. Ionization from the short-lived G̃ state then occurs quickly, driven by the high intensity of the residual light from the FWM process. We have observed nine bands in the region between 79 200 cm(-1) and 80 500 cm(-1) in C2H2 and C2D2. We compare our results with published spectra in this region and suggest alternative assignments for some of the Renner-Teller split bands. Similar REMPI schemes should be applicable to other small molecules with picosecond lifetime Rydberg states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Schmidt-May
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Monika Grütter
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jannis Neugebohren
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - T N Kitsopoulos
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete , 71003 Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dan J Harding
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Turowski M, Crépin C, Douin S, Kołos R. Formation and Spectroscopy of Dicyanotriacetylene (NC8N) in Solid Kr. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2701-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509908z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Turowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Crépin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Stéphane Douin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Robert Kołos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Vieira Mendes LA, Boyé-Péronne S, Jacovella U, Liévin J, Gauyacq D. Rydberg states of cyanoacetylene investigated by (3 + 1) REMPI spectroscopy in the 77,000–90,000 cm−1 energy range. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.706327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A. Vieira Mendes
- a Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay , UMR 8214, CNRS & Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay , France
- b Laboratorio de Espectroscopia e Laser, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense , 24210-340, Niteroi , RJ , Brazil
- c Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina , 40210-340, Salvador , Bahia , Brazil
| | - Séverine Boyé-Péronne
- a Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay , UMR 8214, CNRS & Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay , France
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- a Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay , UMR 8214, CNRS & Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay , France
| | - Jacques Liévin
- d Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Cpi 160/09, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Dolores Gauyacq
- a Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay , UMR 8214, CNRS & Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay , France
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10
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Joseph S, Varandas AJC. Ab initio Based DMBE Potential Energy Surface for the Ground Electronic State of the C2H Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2655-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910269w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Joseph
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. J. C. Varandas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Laruelle F, Boyé-Péronne S, Gauyacq D, Liévin J. Revisiting Mulliken’s Concepts about Rydberg States and Rydberg−Valence Interactions from Large-Scale Ab Initio Calculations on the Acetylene Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13210-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903948k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Laruelle
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Cpi 160/09, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Université Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Séverine Boyé-Péronne
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Cpi 160/09, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Université Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Dolores Gauyacq
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Cpi 160/09, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Université Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Jacques Liévin
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Cpi 160/09, 50 Av. F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, and Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Université Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 210, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
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12
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Matthíasson K, Wang H, Kvaran Á. (2+n) REMPI of acetylene: Gerade Rydberg states and photorupture channels. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Alnama K, Boyé-Péronne S, Douin S, Innocenti F, O'Reilly J, Roche AL, Shafizadeh N, Zuin L, Gauyacq D. Photolysis of allene and propyne in the 7–30eV region probed by the visible fluorescence of their fragments. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:044304. [PMID: 17286467 DOI: 10.1063/1.2430707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The photolysis of allene and propyne, two isomers of C(3)H(4), has been investigated in the excitation energy range of 7-30 eV using vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation. The visible fluorescence excitation spectra of the excited neutral photofragments of both isomers were recorded within the same experimental conditions. Below the first ionization potential (IP), this fluorescence was too weak to be dispersed and possibly originated from C(2)H or CH(2) radicals. Above IP, three excited photofragments have been characterized by their dispersed emission spectra: the CH radical (A (2)Delta-X (2)Pi), the C(2) radical (d (3)Pi(g)-a (3)Pi(u), "Swan's bands"), and the H atom (4-2 and 3-2 Balmer lines). A detailed analysis of the integrated emission intensities allowed us to determine several apparition thresholds for these fragments, all of them being interpreted as rapid and barrierless dissociation processes on the excited potential energy surfaces. In the low energy range explored in this work, both isomers exhibit different intensity distributions in their fragment emission as a function of the photolysis energy, indicating that mutual allene<-->propyne isomerization is not fully completed before dissociation occurs. The effect of isomerization on the dissociation into excited fragments is present in the whole excitation energy range albeit less important in the 7-16 eV region; it gradually increases with increasing excitation energy. Above 19 eV, the fragment distribution is very similar for the two isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koutayba Alnama
- Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 3361, Bâtiment 210, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Alnama K, Boyé S, Douin S, Innocenti F, O'Reilly J, Roche AL, Shafizadeh N, Zuin L, Gauyacq D. Neutral excited radicals formed by ethylene photodissociation in the 8–24 eV region. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b316056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Zamith S, Blanchet V, Girard B, Andersson J, Sorensen SL, Hjelte I, Björneholm O, Gauyacq D, Norin J, Mauritsson J, L’Huillier A. The predissociation of highly excited states in acetylene by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1589479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Blanchet V, Boyé S, Zamith S, Campos A, Girard B, Liévin J, Gauyacq D. (3+1)-resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization-photoelectron spectroscopy of the (3d-4s) supercomplex of acetylene: The geometry of the E state revisited through experiment and theory. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1589480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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17
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O’Reilly J, Douin S, Boyé S, Shafizadeh N, Gauyacq D. Production of electronically excited CH via the vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of ethylene and the possible role of the ethylidene isomer. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1578995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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