1
|
Ghosh S, Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, LaFountain AM, Frank HA, Beck WF. Excitation Energy Transfer by Coherent and Incoherent Mechanisms in the Peridinin-Chlorophyll a Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:463-469. [PMID: 28042923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Excitation energy transfer from peridinin to chlorophyll (Chl) a is unusually efficient in the peridinin-chlorophyll a protein (PCP) from dinoflagellates. This enhanced performance is derived from the long intrinsic lifetime of 4.4 ps for the S2 (11Bu+) state of peridinin in PCP, which arises from the electron-withdrawing properties of its carbonyl substituent. Results from heterodyne transient grating spectroscopy indicate that S2 serves as the donor for two channels of energy transfer: a 30 fs process involving quantum coherence and delocalized peridinin-Chl states and an incoherent, 2.5 ps process initiated by dynamic exciton localization, which accompanies the formation of a conformationally distorted intermediate in 45 fs. The lifetime of the S2 state is lengthened in PCP by its intramolecular charge-transfer character, which increases the system-bath coupling and slows the torsional motions that promote nonradiative decay to the S1 (21Ag-) state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Michael M Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Jerome D Roscioli
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Amy M LaFountain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3036, United States
| | - Harry A Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3036, United States
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghosh S, Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, LaFountain AM, Frank HA, Beck WF. Femtosecond Heterodyne Transient Grating Studies of Nonradiative Deactivation of the S2 (11Bu+) State of Peridinin: Detection and Spectroscopic Assignment of an Intermediate in the Decay Pathway. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3601-14. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| | - Michael M. Bishop
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| | - Jerome D. Roscioli
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3036 United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3036 United States
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh S, Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, Mueller JJ, Shepherd NC, LaFountain AM, Frank HA, Beck WF. Femtosecond Heterodyne Transient-Grating Studies of Nonradiative Decay of the S2 (11Bu+) State of β-Carotene: Contributions from Dark Intermediates and Double-Quantum Coherences. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:14905-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Michael M. Bishop
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Jerome D. Roscioli
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Jenny Jo Mueller
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Nolan C. Shepherd
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, Ghosh S, Mueller JJ, Shepherd NC, Beck WF. Vibrationally Coherent Preparation of the Transition State for Photoisomerization of the Cyanine Dye Cy5 in Water. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:6905-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Jerome D. Roscioli
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Jenny Jo Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Nolan C. Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beck WF, Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, Ghosh S, Frank HA. Excited state conformational dynamics in carotenoids: Dark intermediates and excitation energy transfer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:175-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Dillman KL, Beck WF. Vibrational Coherence from van der Waals Modes in the Native and Molten-Globule States of Zn II-Substituted Cytochrome c. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:8657-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp204571m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Dillman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park S, Kim J, Moran AM, Scherer NF. Solvent structural relaxation dynamics in dipolar solvation studied by resonant pump polarizability response spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:214-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Selig U, Schleussner CF, Foerster M, Langhojer F, Nuernberger P, Brixner T. Coherent two-dimensional ultraviolet spectroscopy in fully noncollinear geometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:4178-80. [PMID: 21165129 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.004178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce fully noncollinear coherent two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy in the UV domain with an all-reflective and miniaturized setup design. Phase stability is achieved via pairwise beam manipulation, and the concept can be transferred to all wavelength regimes. Here we present results from an implementation that has been optimized for wavelengths between 250 and 375 nm. Interferometric measurements prove phase stability over several hours. We obtained 2D spectra of the nonpolar UV chromophore p-terphenyl in ethanol, excited with 50 fs pulses at 287 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Selig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dillman KL, Beck WF. Excited-state vibrational coherence in methanol solution of Zn(II) tetrakis(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin: charge-dependent intermolecular mode frequencies and implications for electron-transfer dynamics in photosynthetic reaction centers. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15269-77. [PMID: 20973554 DOI: 10.1021/jp106451q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the intermolecular vibrational modes between the redox-active chromophores and the protein medium in the photosynthetic reaction center is central to an understanding of the structural origin of the quantum efficiency of the light-driven charge-separation reactions that result in storage of solar energy. In recent work on this issue, we have characterized the low-frequency vibrational coherence of Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (ZnTMPyP) and compared it to that from bacteriochlorophyll a in polar solution and in the small light-harvesting subunits B820 and B777. The charge-transfer character of ZnTMPyP's π* excited states afford us the opportunity to characterize how the intermolecular vibrational modes and potential with the surrounding medium are affected by the charge on the porphyrin macrocycle. The excited-state vibrational coherence observed with Q-band (S(1) state) excitation at 625 nm of ZnTMPyP in methanol solution contains dominant contributions from a pair of rapidly damped (effective damping time γ < 400 fs) components that are assigned to the hindered translational and librational porphyrin-solvent intermolecular modes. The 256 cm(-1) mean frequency of the intermolecular modes is significantly higher than that observed previously in the ground state, 79 cm(-1), with Soret-band excitation at 420 nm [Dillman et al., J. Phys. Chem. B. 2009, 113, 6127-6139]. The increased mode frequency arises from the activation of the ion-dipole and ion-induced-dipole terms in the intermolecular potential. In the ground state, the π-electron density of ZnTMPyP is mostly confined to the region of the porphyrin macrocycle. In the excited state, the π-electron density is extensively delocalized from the porphyrin out to two of the peripheral N-methylpyridyl rings, each of which carries a single formal charge. The charge-dependent terms contribute to a significant stabilization of the equilibrium geometry of the porphyrin-solvent complex in the excited state. In the photosynthetic reaction center, these terms will play an important role in trapping the charged products of the forward, charge-separation reactions, and the location of the bacteriopheophytin acceptor in a nonpolar region of the structure enhances the rate of the secondary charge-separation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Dillman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stiopkin IV, Jayathilake HD, Weeraman C, Benderskii AV. Temporal effects on spectroscopic line shapes, resolution, and sensitivity of the broad-band sum frequency generation. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:234503. [PMID: 20572717 DOI: 10.1063/1.3432776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sum frequency generation (SFG) is a surface-selective spectroscopy that provides a wealth of molecular-level information on the structure and dynamics at surfaces and interfaces. This paper addresses the general issue of spectral resolution and sensitivity of the broad-band (BB) SFG that involves a spectrally narrow nonresonant (usually visible) and a BB resonant (usually infrared) laser pulses. We examine how the spectral width and temporal shape of the two pulses, and the time delay between them, relate to the spectroscopic line shape and signal level in the BB-SFG measurement. By combining experimental and model calculations, we show that the best spectral resolution and highest signal level are simultaneously achieved when the nonresonant narrow-band upconversion pulse arrives with a nonzero time delay after the resonant BB pulse. The nonzero time delay partially avoids the linear trade-off of improving spectral resolution at the expense of decreasing signal intensity, which is common in BB-SFG schemes utilizing spectral filtering to produce narrow-band visible pulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Stiopkin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Christensson N, Avlasevich Y, Yartsev A, Müllen K, Pascher T, Pullerits T. Weakly chirped pulses in frequency resolved coherent spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:174508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3404402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
13
|
Christensson N, Milota F, Nemeth A, Sperling J, Kauffmann HF, Pullerits T, Hauer J. Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of β-Carotene. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:16409-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906604j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Christensson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Milota
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Nemeth
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Sperling
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald F. Kauffmann
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tönu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miller RJD, Paarmann A, Prokhorenko VI. Diffractive optics based four-wave, six-wave, ..., nu-wave nonlinear spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:1442-51. [PMID: 19469495 DOI: 10.1021/ar900040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of chemical processes requires information about both structure and dynamics. By definition, a reaction involves nonstationary states and is a dynamic process. Structure describes the atomic positions at global minima in the nuclear potential energy surface. Dynamics are related to the anharmonicities in this potential that couple different minima and lead to changes in atomic positions (reactions) and correlations. Studies of molecular dynamics can be configured to directly access information on the anharmonic interactions that lead to chemical reactions and are as central to chemistry as structural information. In this regard, nonlinear spectroscopies have distinct advantages over more conventional linear spectroscopies. Because of this potential, nonlinear spectroscopies could eventually attain a comparable level of importance for studying dynamics on the relevant time scales to barrier crossings and reactive processes as NMR has for determining structure. Despite this potential, nonlinear spectroscopy has not attained the same degree of utility as linear spectroscopy largely because nonlinear studies are more technically challenging. For example, unlike the linear spectrometers that exist in almost all chemistry departments, there are no "black box" four-wave mixing spectrometers. This Account describes recent advances in the application of diffractive optics (DOs) to nonlinear spectroscopy, which reduces the complexity level of this technology to be closer to that of linear spectroscopy. The combination of recent advances in femtosecond laser technology and this single optic approach could bring this form of spectroscopy out of the exclusive realm of specialists and into the general user community. However, the real driving force for this research is the pursuit of higher sensitivity limits, which would enable new forms of nonlinear spectroscopy. This Account chronicles the research that has now extended nonlinear spectroscopy to six-wave processes and to a completely generalized "nu-wave" mixing form to fully control state preparation and coherences. For example, direct observation of global protein motions and energetics has led to the collective mode coupling model to understand structure-function correlations in biological systems. Direct studies of the hydrogen bond network of liquid H(2)O have recently shown that both intramolecular and intermolecular degrees of freedom are strongly coupled so that the primary excitations of water have an excitonic-like character. This fundamentally different view of liquid water has now resolved a 100-year-old problem of homogeneous versus inhomogeneous broadening of the vibrational line shapes. By adding programmable pulse shaping, we can access new information about the many-body interactions directly relevant to chemical reaction dynamics. We can also steer the course of the reaction along multidimensional surfaces to provide information about fluctuations far from the equilibrium, which are most relevant to chemical reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Dwayne Miller
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, 80 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexander Paarmann
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, 80 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Valentyn I. Prokhorenko
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, 80 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dillman KL, Shelly KR, Beck WF. Vibrational Coherence in Polar Solutions of ZnII tetrakis(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin with Soret-Band Excitation: Rapidly Damped Intermolecular Modes with Clustered Solvent Molecules and Slowly Damped Intramolecular Modes from the Porphyrin Macrocycle. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:6127-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807795x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Dillman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Katherine R. Shelly
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Christensson N, Dietzek B, Pascher T, Yartsev A, Pullerits T. Three-pulse photon echo peak shift in optically dense samples. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Okuda M, Katayama K. Photochemical Reaction Dynamics Measured using the Near-Field Heterodyne Transient Grating Method. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4545-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711424b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Okuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - K. Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khurmi C, Berg MA. Analyzing Nonexponential Kinetics with Multiple Population-Period Transient Spectroscopy (MUPPETS). J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3364-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710711w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Champak Khurmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Mark A. Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Okuda M, Katayama K. Selective detection of real and imaginary parts of refractive index change in solutions induced by photoexcitation using near-field heterodyne transient grating method. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Liebig CM, Dennis WM. Optical dephasing in saturable-absorbing organic dye IR140. APPLIED OPTICS 2006; 45:2072-6. [PMID: 16579578 DOI: 10.1364/ao.45.002072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature degenerate four-wave mixing in the forward two-pulse geometry, has been performed on ajet of organic saturable-absorbing laser dye IR140 dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and ethylene glycol. Numerical solutions to the optical Bloch equation were fitted to the experimental data in order to extract a value of T2 = 50 +/- 5 fs for the homogeneous dephasing time; this value is comparable to those measured for similar organic dyes using other techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Liebig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brixner T, Mancal T, Stiopkin IV, Fleming GR. Phase-stabilized two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:4221-36. [PMID: 15332970 DOI: 10.1063/1.1776112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study nuclear and electronic correlations between different transitions or initial and final states. Here we describe in detail our development of inherently phase-stabilized 2D Fourier-transform spectroscopy for electronic transitions. A diffractive-optic setup is used to realize heterodyne-detected femtosecond four-wave mixing in a phase-matched box geometry. Wavelength tunability in the visible range is accomplished by means of a 3 kHz repetition-rate laser system and optical parametric amplification. Nonlinear signals are fully characterized by spectral interferometry. Starting from fundamental principles, we discuss the origin of phase stability and the precise calibration of excitation-pulse time delays using movable glass wedges. Automated subtraction of undesired scattering terms removes experimental artifacts. On the theoretical side, the response-function formalism is extended to describe molecules with three electronic levels, and the shape of 2D spectral features is discussed. As an example for this technique, experimental 2D spectra are shown for the dye molecule Nile Blue in acetonitrile at 595 nm, recorded for a series of population times. Simulations explore the influence of different model parameters and qualitatively reproduce the experimental results. We show that correlations between different electronically excited states can be determined from the spectra. The technique described here can be used to measure the third-order response function of complex systems covering several electronic transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brixner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brixner T, Stiopkin IV, Fleming GR. Tunable two-dimensional femtosecond spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2004; 29:884-886. [PMID: 15119410 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a two-dimensional (2D) Fourier-transform femtosecond spectroscopy technique for the visible spectral region. Three-pulse photon echo signals are generated in a phase-matched noncollinear four-wave mixing box geometry that employs a 3-kHz repetition-rate laser system and optical parametric amplification. Nonlinear signals are fully characterized in amplitude and phase by spectral interferometry. Unlike for previous setups, we achieve long-term phase stability by employing diffractive optics and interferometric accuracy of excitation-pulse time delays by using movable glass wedges. As an example of this technique, 2D correlation and relaxation spectra at 600 nm are shown for a solution of Nile Blue dye in acetonitrile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Brixner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Transient grating of a dye in liquid has been measured as a function of the electronic coherence period. A diffractive beam splitter and a pair of wedge prisms are implemented to achieve precise spatial phase overlap and interferometrically accurate control of the time delay between the pump pulses. As the electronic coherence period is varied, coherent interactions lead to an enhancement or loss of the sharp feature in the transient grating signal near time zero, which is usually called coherent spike. Sensitivity of the transient grating signal to the solvation process also changes by the coherence time delay. All the features can be accounted for by invoking third-order nonlinear response functions. Numerical simulations have been performed to corroborate our description. This work identifies a major source of the coherent spike in the transient grating and transient absorption experiments. In addition, it allows us to propose a method that measures the solvation function more efficiently than conventional transient grating technique does.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June-Sik Park
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu QH, Ma YZ, Fleming GR. Different Real and Imaginary Components of the Resonant Third-Order Polarization Revealed by Optical Heterodyne Detected Transient Grating Spectroscopic Studies of Crystal Violet: Model and Experiment. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014714n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Ying-Zhong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|