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Sun S, Ehrman JN, Sun Q, Li X. Efficient Evaluation of the Breit Operator in the Pauli Spinor Basis. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:064112. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0098828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency-independent Coulomb-Breit operator gives rise to the most accurate treatment of two-electron interaction in the non-quantum-electrodynamics regime. The Breit interaction in the Coulomb gauge consists of magnetic and gauge contributions. The high computational cost of the gauge term limits the application of the Breit interaction in relativistic molecular calculations. In this work, we apply the Pauli component integral-density matrix contraction scheme for gauge interaction with a maximum spin- and component separation scheme. We also present two different computational algorithms for evaluating gauge integrals. One is the generalized Obara-Saika algorithm, where the Laplace transformation is used to transform the gauge operator into Gaussian functions and the Obara-Saika recursion is used for reducing the angular momentum. The other algorithm is the second derivative of inverse Coulomb interaction evaluated with Rys-quadrature. This work improves the efficiency of performing Dirac-Hartree-Fock with variational treatment of Breit interaction for molecular systems. We use this formalism to examine relativistic trends in the periodic table, and analyze the relativistic two-electron interaction contributions in heavy-element complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Sun
- Chemistry, University of Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Qiming Sun
- Anxian Investment Management Co. Ltd, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, United States of America
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2
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Zhou C, Wu D, Gagliardi L, Truhlar DG. Calculation of the Zeeman Effect for Transition-Metal Complexes by Multiconfiguration Pair-Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:5050-5063. [PMID: 34338523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling is especially critical for the description of magnetic anisotropy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of inorganic radicals and transition-metal complexes, and intersystem crossing. Here, we show how spin-orbit coupling may be included in multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT), and we apply the resulting formulation to the calculation of magnetic g tensors (which govern the Zeeman effect) of molecules containing transition metals. MC-PDFT is an efficient method for including static and dynamic electronic correlation in the quantum mechanical treatment of molecules; here, we apply it with spin-orbit coupling by using complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI) wave functions and on-top density functionals. We propose a systematic CASCI scheme for the g tensor calculation of the ground state of the systems under consideration, and we show its superiority over the conventional CASSCF scheme. State interaction, which is important for degenerate and nearly degenerate states, is included by extended multi-state PDFT (XMS-PDFT). Applications are reported for the ground doublet states of 25 transition-metal complexes with d1, d5, d7, and d9 configurations. The MC-PDFT methods are shown to be both efficient and accurate as compared with complete active space second-order perturbation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Dihua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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3
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Sun S, Stetina TF, Zhang T, Hu H, Valeev EF, Sun Q, Li X. Efficient Four-Component Dirac-Coulomb-Gaunt Hartree-Fock in the Pauli Spinor Representation. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3388-3402. [PMID: 34029469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four-component Dirac-Hartree-Fock is an accurate mean-field method for treating molecular systems where relativistic effects are important. However, the computational cost and complexity of the two-electron interaction make this method less common, even though we can consider the Dirac-Hartree-Fock Hamiltonian the "ground truth" of the electronic structure, barring explicit quantum electrodynamical effects. Being able to calculate these effects is then vital to the design of lower scaling methods for accurate predictions in computational spectroscopy and properties of heavy element complexes that must include relativistic effects for even qualitative accuracy. In this work, we present a Pauli quaternion formalism of maximal component and spin separation for computing the Dirac-Coulomb-Gaunt Hartree-Fock ground state, with a minimal floating point operation count algorithm. This approach also allows one to explicitly separate different spin physics from the two-body interactions, such as spin-free, spin-orbit, and spin-spin contributions. Additionally, we use this formalism to examine relativistic trends in the periodic table and analyze the basis set dependence of atomic gold and gold dimer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Torin F Stetina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Edward F Valeev
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Qiming Sun
- AxiomQuant Investment Management LLC, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Abe M, Tsutsui T, Ekman J, Hada M, Das B. Accurate determination of the enhancement factor X for the nuclear Schiff moment in 205TlF molecule based on the four-component relativistic coupled-cluster theory. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1767814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minori Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsutsui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jörgen Ekman
- Department of Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bhanu Das
- Department of Physics and International Education and Research Center of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Reynolds RD, Yanai T, Shiozaki T. Large-scale relativistic complete active space self-consistent field with robust convergence. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:014106. [PMID: 29981535 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an efficient algorithm using density fitting for the relativistic complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method, which is significantly more stable than the algorithm previously reported by one of the authors [J. E. Bates and T. Shiozaki, J. Chem. Phys. 142, 044112 (2015)]. Our algorithm is based on the second-order orbital update scheme with an iterative augmented Hessian procedure, in which the density-fitted orbital Hessian is directly contracted to the trial vectors. Using this scheme, each microiteration is made less time consuming than one Dirac-Hartree-Fock iteration, and macroiterations converge quadratically. In addition, we show that the CASSCF calculations with the Gaunt and full Breit interactions can be efficiently performed by means of approximate orbital Hessians computed with the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian. It is demonstrated that our algorithm can also be applied to systems under an external magnetic field, for which all of the molecular integrals are computed using gauge-including atomic orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Toru Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Ghosh A, Sinha Ray S, Chaudhuri RK, Chattopadhyay S. Four-Component Relativistic State-Specific Multireference Perturbation Theory with a Simplified Treatment of Static Correlation. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1487-1501. [PMID: 28112937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relativistic multireference (MR) perturbative approach is one of the most successful tools for the description of computationally demanding molecular systems of heavy elements. We present here the ground state dissociation energy surfaces, equilibrium bond lengths, harmonic frequencies, and dissociation energies of Ag2, Cu2, Au2, and I2 computed using the four-component (4c) relativistic spinors based state-specific MR perturbation theory (SSMRPT) with improved virtual orbital complete active space configuration interaction (IVO-CASCI) functions. The IVO-CASCI method is a simple, robust, useful and lower cost alternative to the complete active space self-consistent field approach for treating quasidegenerate situations. The redeeming features of the resulting method, termed as 4c-IVO-SSMRPT, lies in (i) manifestly size-extensivity, (ii) exemption from intruder problems, (iii) the freedom of convenient multipartitionings of the Hamiltonian, (iv) flexibility of the relaxed and unrelaxed descriptions of the reference coefficients, and (v) manageable cost/accuracy ratio. The present method delivers accurate descriptions of dissociation processes of heavy element systems. Close agreement with reference values has been found for the calculated molecular constants indicating that our 4c-IVOSSMRPT provides a robust and economic protocol for determining the structural properties for the ground state of heavy element molecules with eloquent MR character as it treats correlation and relativity on equal footing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Suvonil Sinha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rajat K Chaudhuri
- Theoretical Physics, Indian Institute of Astrophysics , Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Sudip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
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7
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Sun Q. Libcint: An efficient general integral library for Gaussian basis functions. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1664-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Sun
- Department of Chemistry; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey 08544
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8
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Prasannaa VS, Vutha AC, Abe M, Das BP. Mercury monohalides: suitability for electron electric dipole moment searches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:183001. [PMID: 26000997 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy polar diatomic molecules are the primary tools for searching for the T-violating permanent electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM). Valence electrons in some molecules experience extremely large effective electric fields due to relativistic interactions. These large effective electric fields are crucial to the success of polar-molecule-based eEDM search experiments. Here we report on the results of relativistic ab initio calculations of the effective electric fields in a series of molecules that are highly sensitive to an eEDM, the mercury monohalides (HgF, HgCl, HgBr, and HgI). We study the influence of the halide anions on E_{eff}, and identify HgBr and HgI as attractive candidates for future electric dipole moment search experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Prasannaa
- Indian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block, Koramangala, Bangalore 560 034, India
- Department of Physics, Calicut University, Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673 635, India
| | - A C Vutha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - M Abe
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-city, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- JST, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - B P Das
- Indian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block, Koramangala, Bangalore 560 034, India
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Hrdá M, Kulich T, Repiský M, Noga J, Malkina OL, Malkin VG. Implementation of the diagonalization-free algorithm in the self-consistent field procedure within the four-component relativistic scheme. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1725-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hrdá
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Slovak Academy of Sciences; SK-84536 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Kulich
- Department of Computer Science; Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University; SK-84248 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Michal Repiský
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Slovak Academy of Sciences; SK-84536 Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Chemistry; The Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), UiT, The Arctic University of Norway; N-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Jozef Noga
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Slovak Academy of Sciences; SK-84536 Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University; SK-84215 Bratislava Slovakia
- Computing Centre; Slovak Academy of Sciences; SK-84545 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Olga L. Malkina
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Slovak Academy of Sciences; SK-84536 Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University; SK-84215 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Vladimir G. Malkin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Slovak Academy of Sciences; SK-84536 Bratislava Slovakia
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11
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Analytical Nuclear Gradients of Density-Fitted Dirac–Fock Theory with a 2-Spinor Basis. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4300-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400719d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Kelley MS, Shiozaki T. Large-scale Dirac–Fock–Breit method using density fitting and 2-spinor basis functions. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:204113. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4807612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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13
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NAKAJIMA TAKAHITO, TSUNEDA TAKAO, NAKANO HARUYUKI, HIRAO KIMIHIKO. RECENT ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE THEORY. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633602000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate quantum computational chemistry has evolved dramatically. The size of molecular systems, which can be studied accurately using molecular theory is increasing very rapidly. Theoretical chemistry has opened up a world of new possibilities. It can treat real systems with predictable accuracy. Computational chemistry is becoming an integral part of chemistry research. Theory can now make very significant contribution to chemistry. This review will focus on our recent developments in the theoretical and computational methodology for the study of molecular structure and molecular interactions. We are aiming at developing accurate molecular theory on systems containing hundreds of atoms. We continue our research in the following three directions: (i) development of new ab initio theory, particularly multireference-based perturbation theory, (ii) development of exchange and correlation functionals in density functional theory, and (iii) development of molecular theory including relativistic effects. We have enjoyed good progress in each of the above areas. We are very excited about our discoveries of new theory and new algorithms and would like to share this enthusiasm with readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- TAKAHITO NAKAJIMA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - TAKAO TSUNEDA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - HARUYUKI NAKANO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - KIMIHIKO HIRAO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Nakajima
- Computational Molecular Science Research Team, Advanced Institute for Computational Science, RIKEN, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami, Cyuo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Hirao
- Director, Advanced Institute for Computational Science, RIKEN, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami, Cyuo, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Mizukami W, Nakajima T, Hirao K, Yanai T. A dual-level approach to four-component relativistic density-functional theory. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Belpassi L, Storchi L, Quiney HM, Tarantelli F. Recent advances and perspectives in four-component Dirac–Kohn–Sham calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:12368-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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van Wüllen C. Relativistic Density Functional Theory. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Hisashima TA, Matsushita T, Asada T, Koseki S, Toyota A. Tetra-hydrides of the third-row transition elements: spin–orbit coupling effects on geometrical deformation in WH4 and OsH4. Theor Chem Acc 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-007-0302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Sgamellotti A, Quiney HM. Computational strategies for a four-component Dirac–Kohn–Sham program: Implementation and first applications. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:184109. [PMID: 15918696 DOI: 10.1063/1.1897383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An implementation of the generalized gradient approximation within the four-component formulation of relativistic density-functional theory using G-spinor basis sets is presented. This approach is based on the direct evaluation of the relativistic density and its gradient from the G-spinor amplitudes and gradients without explicit reference to the total density matrix. This proves to be a particularly efficient scheme, with an intrinsic computational cost that scales linearly with the number of G-spinor basis functions. In order to validate this new implementation, incorporated in the parallel version of the program BERTHA, a detailed study of the diatomic system CsAu is also reported. The spectroscopic constants D(e),r(e),omega(e), and x(e)omega(e) and the dipole moment mu have been calculated and compared with the best available theoretical and experimental data. The sensitivity of our results to the details of the numerical schemes used to evaluate the matrix elements is analyzed in detail. Also presented is a comparative study of molecular properties in the alkali auride series which have been obtained using several standard non-relativistic density functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Belpassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Istituto Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), Università di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.
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Hu XQ, Wang F, Li LM. An approach to study the relativistic effects of large systems with some parts containing heavy elements. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abe M, Mori S, Nakajima T, Hirao K. Electronic structures of PtCu, PtAg, and PtAu molecules: a Dirac four-component relativistic study. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Nakajima T, Hirao K. Pseudospectral approach to relativistic molecular theory. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:3438-45. [PMID: 15303907 DOI: 10.1063/1.1775791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF) and Dirac-Kohn-Sham (DKS) methods are proposed by an application of the pseudospectral (PS) approach. The present PS-DHF/DKS method is a relativistic extension of the PS-HF/KS method of Friesner, though we aim at higher numerical accuracy by elimination of superfluous arbitrariness. The relativistic PS-DHF/DKS method is implemented into our REL4D programs. Several PS applications to molecular systems show that the relativistic PS-DHF/DKS approach is more efficient than the traditional approach without a loss of accuracy. The present PS-DKS method successfully assigns and predicts the photoelectron spectra of hexacarbonyl complexes of tungsten and seaborgium theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakajima T, Hirao K. Extended Douglas–Kroll transformations applied to the relativistic many-electron Hamiltonian. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1594173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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