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Janeček I, Naar P, Stachoň M, Gadea FX, Kalus R. Fragmentation of KrN+ clusters after electron impact ionization. Short-time dynamics simulations and approximate multi-scale treatment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2778-2790. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07479k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Post-ionization fragmentation of small ionic krypton clusters, KrN+ (N = 3–13), has been investigated using a semiclassical non-adiabatic dynamics approach with inclusion of electronic quantum decoherence, and compared with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Janeček
- Institute of Geonics of the AS CR, v.v.i
- and Institute of Clean Technologies for Mining and Utilization of Raw Materials for Energy Use
- 708 00 Ostrava
- Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Naar
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Ostrava
- 701 03 Ostrava
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Stachoň
- IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center
- VSB – Technical University of Ostrava
- 708 33 Ostrava
- Czech Republic
| | | | - René Kalus
- IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center and Department of Applied Mathematics
- VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava
- 708 33 Ostrava
- Czech Republic
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2
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Alekseev VA, Garcia GA, Kevorkyants R, Nahon L. Photoionisation study of Xe.CF 4 and Kr.CF 4 van-der-Waals molecules. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:184305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4948632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Mastalerz R, Zehnder O, Reiher M, Merkt F. Spin–Orbit Coupling and Potential Energy Functions of Ar2+ and Kr2+ by High-Resolution Photoelectron Spectroscopy and ab Initio Quantum Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:3671-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300078m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Mastalerz
- Laboratorium
für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,
8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O. Zehnder
- Laboratorium
für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,
8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Reiher
- Laboratorium
für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,
8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F. Merkt
- Laboratorium
für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,
8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Shubert VA, Pratt ST. Photoelectron imaging of several 5d and 6p Rydberg states Xe2 and improving the Xe2(+) I(1∕2g) potential. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:044315. [PMID: 21280733 DOI: 10.1063/1.3533361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Velocity map photoelectron imaging was used to study the photoionization of Xe(2) in several low-lying 5d and 6p Rydberg states. The Rydberg states were prepared by two-photon excitation and ionized by either one additional photon from the pump laser (2+1 ionization), or by one photon of a second color (2+1(') ionization). The 2+1 images and associated photoelectron spectra were consistent with previous results, although some adjustment of previously proposed equilibrium bond lengths was necessary to fit the spectra with Franck-Condon factor calculations. The 2+1(') images provided higher resolution photoelectron spectra and, in conjunction with the Xe(2)(+) potentials reported by Zehnder and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 234306 (2008)] and the 6p and 5d Xe(2)∗ potentials calculated by Jonin and Spiegelmann [J. Chem. Phys. 117, 3059 (2002)], provided a means for improving the Xe(2)∗ potentials. New experimental data are also presented for photoionization populating the Xe(2)(+) I(1∕2g) state, and are used to provide a better description of its potential curve.
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Shubert VA, Rednic M, Pratt ST. Predissociation and dissociative ionization of Rydberg states of Xe2 and the photodissociation of Xe2+. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:124108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3356040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Matt-Leubner S, Fedor J, Parajuli R, Stamatovic A, Echt O, Hagelberg F, Głuch K, Probst M, Scheier P, Märk TD. Ne2+[II (1/2)u]: radiative decay and electronic predissociation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 7:1043-8. [PMID: 19791397 DOI: 10.1039/b414368j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastable fragmentation of neon dimer ions has been investigated by measuring and analyzing high resolution kinetic energy release distributions. Data were obtained by a modified MIKE (mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy) scan technique. Due to the high energy resolution it was possible to distinguish two different reaction mechanisms in the micros time regime which produce Ne+ ions with different kinetic energy distributions. Theoretical studies based on ab initio calculations of potential energy curves allowed the assignment of the reactions to specific electronic transitions in the excited Ne2+ ion. The unusual bimodal kinetic energy release distribution arises from competition between radiative and non radiative decay of the long-lived Ne2+ II(1/2)u state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Matt-Leubner
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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HA TK, RUPPER P, WÜEST A, MERKT F. The lowest electronic states of Ne2 +, Ar2 + and Kr2 +: comparison of theory and experiment. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/0026897031000075624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.-K. HA
- a Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich (HCI) , CH-8093 , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - P. RUPPER
- a Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich (HCI) , CH-8093 , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - A. WÜEST
- a Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich (HCI) , CH-8093 , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - F. MERKT
- a Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich (HCI) , CH-8093 , Zurich , Switzerland
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8
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Zehnder O, Mastalerz R, Reiher M, Merkt F, Dressler RA. On the R-dependence of the spin-orbit coupling constant: Potential energy functions of Xe(2) (+) by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemistry. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:234306. [PMID: 18570498 DOI: 10.1063/1.2937133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectrum of Xe(2) has been measured between 97 350 and 108 200 cm(-1), following resonant two-photon excitation via selected vibrational levels of the C 0(u) (+) Rydberg state of Xe(2). Transitions to three of the six low-lying electronic states of Xe(2) (+) could be observed. Whereas extensive vibrational progressions were observed for the transitions to the I(32g) and I(32u) states, only the lowest vibrational levels of the II(12u) state could be detected. Assignments of the vibrational quantum numbers were derived from the analysis of the isotopic shifts and from the modeling of the potential energy curves. Adiabatic ionization energies, dissociation energies, and vibrational constants are reported for the I(32g) and the I(32u) states. Multireference configurational interaction and complete active space self-consistent field calculations have been performed to investigate the dependence of the spin-orbit coupling constant on the internuclear distance. The energies of vibrational levels, measured presently and in a previous investigation (Rupper et al., J. Chem. Phys. 121, 8279 (2004)), were used to determine the potential energy functions of the six low-lying electronic states of Xe(2) (+) using a global model that includes the long-range interaction and treats, for the first time, the spin-orbit interaction as dependent on the internuclear separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Zehnder
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Pernpointner M, Kryzhevoi NV, Urbaczek S. Possible electronic decay channels in the ionization spectra of small clusters composed of Ar and Kr: A four-component relativistic treatment. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:024304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2952272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Fedor J, Echt O, Głuch K, Matt-Leubner S, Scheier P, Märk T. On the role of the II(1/2g) state in spontaneous dissociation of krypton and xenon dimer ions. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fedor J, Głuch K, Parajuli R, Matt-Leubner S, Echt O, Scheier P, Märk TD. Mechanisms and dynamics of the metastable decay in Ar2+. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:7253-8. [PMID: 15473793 DOI: 10.1063/1.1794011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed experimental as well as theoretical investigation of the properties of the metastable dissociation Ar2+ --> Ar+ + Ar is presented. The mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) scan technique has been performed using a three sector field mass spectrometer. The possible mechanisms of the metastability of Ar2+ have been examined and the observed decay process is assigned to the II(1/2)(u)-->I(1/2)(g) bound to continuum radiative transition, in agreement with earlier work. The calculation of the theoretical shape of the kinetic energy release distribution of fragment ions allowed us to construct the theoretical MIKE peak and compare it with the raw experimental data. The accuracy of various sets of potential energy curves for Ar2+ is discussed, as well as the way of production of the metastable Ar2+[II(1/2)(u)] electronic state by electron impact. Excellent agreement between the experimental data and theoretical model has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fedor
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold-Franzens Universität, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Yoshii H, Tsukamoto K, Hayaishi T, Aoto T, Ito K, Morioka Y. Dissociation processes of Kr2+ and Kr3+ studied by threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence measurements. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:184303. [PMID: 16292904 DOI: 10.1063/1.2101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A time-of-flight (TOF) ion mass spectrum in coincidence with threshold photoelectrons was measured in the photon energy region between the first and second dissociation limits of Kr2(+) to examine the decay processes of the Kr2(+) II(1/2u) state. The measured TOF spectrum reveals that Kr+ fragment ions are produced through dissociation of the repulsive I(1/2g) state, which can be formed by the decay process of the II(1/2u) state accompanied with emission of photons. The potential-energy curve of the I(1/2g) state is deduced with detailed analysis of the observed TOF spectrum, in which the radiative lifetime of the II(1/2u) state was also derived to be 2.5 micros. Additionally, evidence of the dissociation process of Kr3(+) ions was obtained in the same photon energy region, where the dominant channel is Kr3(+) --> Kr2(+) + Kr.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshii
- Physics Division, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
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Lepère V, Ismail IM, Barat M, Fayeton JA, Picard YJ, Wohrer K, Jouvet C, Martrenchard S. Lifetime and yield of metastable Ar2+ ions. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:174307. [PMID: 16375528 DOI: 10.1063/1.2085168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ar2(+) ions produced in a cooled supersonic expansion by electron-impact ionization are accelerated at 2.5 keV and kept during few milliseconds inside a linear electrostatic trap. The lifetime of the metastable Ar2(+) ion is determined from the measurement of the rate of the argon atoms escaping the trap. The lifetime and the relative metastable populations are measured as a function of the pressure and temperature in the supersonic expansion, i.e., of the mean cluster size. Possible mechanisms responsible for the metastable formation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lepère
- Centre de Cinétique rapide ELYSE, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
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Wüest A, Merkt F. Potential energy curves of diatomic molecular ions from high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. I. The first six electronic states of Ar2+. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:638-46. [PMID: 15267898 DOI: 10.1063/1.1621618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopic data have been used to determine the potential energy curves of the first six electronic states of Ar2+. The potential energy functions properly include the effects of the long-range interactions and of the spin-orbit interaction and are of spectroscopic accuracy (1-2 cm(-1)) over a wide range of internuclear distances. The total number of adjustable parameters could be reduced to only 12 by truncating the long-range interaction series after the R(-6) term and assuming an R-independent spin-orbit coupling constant. This assumption was verified to be valid to an accuracy of +/-2 cm(-1) over the range of internuclear distances between 3.0 and 4.6 A. The interaction potential proposed by Siska [P. E. Siska, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 7497 (1986)] was generalized to a form that is expected to be sufficiently flexible to describe chemical bonding in other diatomic molecular ions. The potential energy curves are more accurate than the best available ab initio curves by two orders of magnitude and provide quantitative information on dissociation energies and equilibrium internuclear distances. The local maximum between the two potential wells of the I(1/2g) state was determined to lie 62 cm(-1) below the Ar(1S0)+Ar(+)(2P(3/2)) dissociation limit, and the II(1/2g) state is found to be significantly more bound (De=177 cm(-1)) than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wüest
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich (HCI), CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Rupper P, Zehnder O, Merkt F. Potential energy curves of diatomic molecular ions from high-resolution photoelectron spectra. II. The first six electronic states of Xe[sub 2][sup +]. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:8279-90. [PMID: 15511148 DOI: 10.1063/1.1804953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectrum of Xe(2) has been measured between 90 000 and 109 000 cm(-1) following single-photon excitation from the ground neutral state. Transitions to five of the six low-lying electronic states of Xe(2) (+) could be observed. Whereas extensive vibrational progressions were observed for the X0(g) (+)-->I(1/2u), I(3/2g), and II(1/2u) photoelectron transitions, only the lowest vibrational levels of the I(3/2u) and II(1/2g) states could be detected. Unambiguous assignments of the vibrational quantum numbers were derived from the analysis of the isotopic shifts of the vibrational bands and of the intensity distribution and from the modeling of the potential energy curves. Analytical potential energy curves of spectroscopic accuracy (i.e., approximately 1 meV) were determined for all six low-lying electronic states using a global model, which includes the first (charge-induced dipole, proportional to 1/R(4)) member of the long-range interaction series and treats the spin-orbit interaction explicitly. The assumption of an R-independent spin-orbit coupling constant was tested and found to be an excellent approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rupper
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich (HCI), CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Fedor J, Parajuli R, Matt-Leubner S, Echt O, Hagelberg F, Głuch K, Stamatovic A, Probst M, Scheier P, Märk TD. Probing electronic states of Ne2+ and Ar2+ by measuring kinetic-energy-release distributions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:133401. [PMID: 14525302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.133401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dissociative decay of metastable, electronically excited neon and argon dimer ions produces fragment ions with strikingly dissimilar kinetic-energy-release distributions. The distributions have been modeled based on ab initio calculations of potential energy curves. The unusual bimodal distribution observed for dissociation of Ne2+ arises from competition between radiative and nonradiative decay of the long-lived II(1/2)(u) state. For Ar2+, however, electronic predissociation is insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fedor
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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