1
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Weike N, Viel A, Eisfeld W. Hydrogen-iodine scattering. I. Development of an accurate spin-orbit coupled diabatic potential energy model. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244119. [PMID: 38156638 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The scattering of H by I is a prototypical model system for light-heavy scattering in which relativistic coupling effects must be taken into account. Scattering calculations depend strongly on the accuracy of the potential energy surface (PES) model. The methodology to obtain such an accurate PES model suitable for scattering calculations is presented, which includes spin-orbit (SO) coupling within the Effective Relativistic Coupling by Asymptotic Representation (ERCAR) approach. In this approach, the SO coupling is determined only for the atomic states of the heavy atom, and the geometry dependence of the SO effect is accounted for by a diabatization with respect to asymptotic states. The accuracy of the full model, composed of a Coulomb part and the SO model, is achieved in the following ways. For the SO model, the extended ERCAR approach is applied, which accounts for both intra-state and inter-state SO coupling, and an extended number of diabatic states are included. The corresponding coupling constants for the SO operator are obtained from experiments, which are more accurate than computed values. In the Coulomb Hamiltonian model, special attention is paid to the long range behavior and accurate c6 dispersion coefficients. The flexibility and accuracy of this Coulomb model are achieved by combining partial models for three different regions. These are merged via artificial neural networks, which also refine the model further. In this way, an extremely accurate PES model for hydrogen iodide is obtained, suitable for accurate scattering calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weike
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexandra Viel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes)-UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Wolfgang Eisfeld
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Zou W, Suo B. Theoretical Study of Low-Lying Electronic States of PtX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) Including Spin-Orbit Coupling. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6357-70. [PMID: 27463417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The low-lying electronic states of platinum ions (Pt(+)) and platinum monohalides (PtX; X = F, Cl, Br, and I) are calculated using the multireference configuration interaction method with relativistic effective core potentials. The spin-orbit coupling is taken into account through the perturbative state-interaction approach. For the Ω states of PtX below 35000 cm(-1), the potential energy curves and the corresponding spectroscopic constants are reported. It is found that the lowest Ω = 3/2 state is the ground one for the four species of PtX. Overall, the theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Suo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
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3
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Hróðmarsson HR, Kvaran Á. Revealing photofragmentation dynamics through interactions between Rydberg states: REMPI of HI as a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32517-27. [PMID: 26593395 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06185g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High energy regions of molecular electronic states are largely characterized by the nature and involvement of Rydberg states. Whereas there are a number of observed dynamical processes that are due to interactions between Rydberg and valence states, reports on the corresponding effect of Rydberg-Rydberg state interaction in the literature are scarce. Here we report a detailed characterization of the effects of interactions between two Rydberg states on photofragmentation processes, for a hydrogen halide molecule. Perturbation effects, showing as rotational line shifts, intensity alterations and line-broadenings in REMPI spectra of HI, for two-photon resonance excitations to the j(3)Σ(-)(0(+); v' = 0) and k(3)Π1(v' = 2) Rydberg states, are analyzed. The data reveal pathways of further photofragmentation processes involving photodissociation, autoionization and photoionization affected by the Rydberg-Rydberg state interactions as well as the involvement of other states, close in energy. Detailed mechanisms of the involved processes are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ágúst Kvaran
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
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4
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Sage AG, Oliver TAA, Murdock D, Crow MB, Ritchie GAD, Harvey JN, Ashfold MNR. nσ* and πσ* excited states in aryl halide photochemistry: a comprehensive study of the UV photodissociation dynamics of iodobenzene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8075-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Poterya V, Fedor J, Pysanenko A, Tkáč O, Lengyel J, Ončák M, Slavíček P, Fárník M. Photochemistry of HI on argon and waternanoparticles: Hydronium radical generation in HI·(H2O)n. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2250-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01518k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Buck
- a Max-Planck Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation , Bunsenstr , 10 D-37073 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Michal FáRníK
- b J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague 8 , Czech Republic
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7
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Zou W, Liu W. Comprehensiveab initiocalculation and simulation on the low-lying electronic states of TlX (X = F, Cl, Br, I, and At). J Comput Chem 2009; 30:524-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Zhao Y, Tong C, Ma L. Assessment of a novel flow visualization technique using photodissociation spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:199-206. [PMID: 19215650 DOI: 10.1366/000370209787392021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of complicated flows continuously calls for new nonintrusive flow diagnostics. A novel flow visualization technique based on photodissociation spectroscopy (PDS) is described, demonstrated, and assessed in this paper. This technique is centered around the creative use of photodissociation (PD). A PD precursor is seeded in the flow of interest, either passive or reactive. A laser pulse is then generated to completely and rapidly photodissociate both the precursor and the products formed from the precursor (if it reacts) into photofragments. A target photofragment is then imaged to obtain multidimensional information about the flow. An analytical methodology was developed to assess the feasibility of the PDS-based technique. This analytical method was applied to the case where molecular iodine was used as an example PD precursor, and the results were validated by experimental data. Both the analytical and experimental findings provided a promising outlook for this new technique as a practical flow visualization technique. With a properly chosen PD precursor, the PDS-based technique provides an attractive alternative for imaging several critical flow properties, including the mixture fraction and temperature field. This technique shares some key advantages with established techniques, e.g., a high spatial and temporal resolution comparable to the planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique. Meanwhile, this technique offers several unique advantages to overcome the limitations of existing techniques, including enhancing the signal level and simplifying the interpretation of the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0921, USA
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9
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Suits AG, Vasyutinskii OS. Imaging Atomic Orbital Polarization in Photodissociation. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3706-46. [DOI: 10.1021/cr040085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G. Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Vasyutinskii
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Valero R, Truhlar DG, Jasper AW. Adiabatic States Derived from a Spin-Coupled Diabatic Transformation: Semiclassical Trajectory Study of Photodissociation of HBr and the Construction of Potential Curves for LiBr+. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5756-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo Valero
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Ahren W. Jasper
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, P. O. Box 969, Livermore, California 94551-0969
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11
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Zhang D, Abdel-hafiez A, Zhang B. Studies on the photodissociation dynamics of HI molecule within the A band range. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Wang F, Lu IC, Yuan K, Cheng Y, Wu M, Parker DH, Yang X. Photodissociation dynamics of HI and DI at 157nm. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Dermota TE, Hydutsky DP, Bianco NJ, Castleman AW. Photoinduced ion-pair formation in the (HI)m(H2O)n cluster system. J Chem Phys 2007; 123:214308. [PMID: 16356049 DOI: 10.1063/1.2135291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal behavior of the photoinduced ion-pair formation process in the (HI)m(H2O)n (n=1-6 for m=1 and n=1-4 for m=2) cluster system has been studied via the coupling between the g 3Sigma- Rydberg and V 1Sigma+ valence states. Comparison of the time constants obtained to those measured in previous experiments for the analogous process in HBr-water clusters, along with a detailed analysis of the signal intensity as a function of laser-pulse power, provides new insight into and confirmation of the previously proposed ion-pair formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Dermota
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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14
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Clark AP, Brouard M, Quadrini F, Vallance C. Atomic polarization in the photodissociation of diatomic molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:5591-610. [PMID: 17149481 DOI: 10.1039/b612590e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The angular momentum polarization of atomic photofragments provides a detailed insight into the dynamics of the photodissociation process. In this article, the origins of electronic angular momentum polarization are introduced and experimental and theoretical methods for the measurement or calculation of atomic orientation and alignment parameters described. Many diatomic photodissociation systems are surveyed, in order to provide an overview both of the historical development of the field and of the most state-of-the-art contemporary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Clark
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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15
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Jensen ET. Near-UV photodissociation of oriented CH3I adsorbed on Cu(110)–I. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:204709. [PMID: 16351295 DOI: 10.1063/1.2126593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl iodide adsorbed on a Cu(110)-I surface has been found to be highly orientationally ordered. We have exploited this orientation to select different CH(3)I excited states for photodissociation by using polarized near-UV light at wavelengths of 308, 248, and 222 nm. Using p-polarized light at all three wavelengths, we find that dissociation proceeds largely via the (3)Q(0) state, consistent with the picture from gas-phase photolysis. In contrast, using s-polarized light we find contributions from the (3)Q(1) state at lambda=308 nm, the (1)Q(1) state at lambda=248 nm, and the (E,1) state at lambda=222 nm-the latter being a state that has not been implicated in gas-phase studies of CH(3)I A-band photolysis. We also note the contribution to surface photodissociation from low-energy photoelectrons causing dissociative electron attachment to adsorbed CH(3)I and have identified the promotion of direct photodissociation pathways during lambda=308 nm photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Jensen
- Physics Department, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada.
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16
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Fárník M, Nahler NH, Buck U, Slavíček P, Jungwirth P. Photodissociation of HBr on the surface of Arn clusters at 193nm. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Jodoin DN, Brown A. Photodissociation of HI and DI: Testing models for electronic structure via polarization of atomic photofragments. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:054301. [PMID: 16108633 DOI: 10.1063/1.1989327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodissociation dynamics of HI and DI are examined using time-dependent wave-packet techniques. The orientation and alignment parameters aQ(K) (p) are determined as a function of photolysis energy for the resulting ground-state I(2P(3/2)) and excited-state I(2P(1/2)) atoms. The aQ(K) (p) parameters describe the coherent and incoherent contributions to the angular momentum distributions from the A 1pi(1), a 3pi(1), and t 3sigma(1) electronic states accessed by perpendicular excitation and the a 3pi(0+) state accessed by a parallel transition. The outcomes of the dynamics based on both shifted ab initio results and three empirical models for the potential-energy curves and transition dipole moments are compared and contrasted. It is demonstrated that experimental measurement of the aQ(K) (p) parameters for the excitation from the vibrational ground state (upsilon=0) would be able to distinguish between the available models for the HI potential-energy curves and transition dipole moments. The differences between the aQ(K) (p) parameters for the excitation from upsilon=0 stand in sharp contrast to the scalar properties, i.e., total cross section and I* branching fraction, which require experimental measurement of photodissociation from excited vibrational states (upsilon>0) to distinguish between the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Jodoin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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18
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Brown A. Photodissociation of HI and DI: Polarization of atomic photofragments. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:84301. [PMID: 15836033 DOI: 10.1063/1.1850465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete angular momentum distributions and vector correlation coefficients (orientation and alignment) of ground state I((2)P(32)) and excited state I((2)P(12)) atoms resulting from the photodissociation of HI have been computed as a function of photolysis energy. The orientation and alignment parameters a(Q) ((K))(p) that describe the coherent and incoherent contributions to the angular momentum distributions from the multiple electronic states accessed by parallel and perpendicular transitions are determined using a time-dependent wave packet treatment of the dissociation dynamics. The dynamics are based on potential energy curves and transition dipole moments that have been reported previously [R. J. LeRoy, G. T. Kraemer, and S. Manzhos, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 9353 (2002)] and used to successfully model the scalar (total cross section and branching fraction) and lowest order vector (anisotropy parameter beta) properties of the photodissociation. Predictions of the a(Q) ((K))(p), parameters for the isotopically substituted species DI are reported and contrasted to the analogous HI results. The resulting polarization for the corresponding H/D partners are also determined and demonstrate that both H and D atoms produced can be highly spin polarized. Comparison of these predictions for HI and DI with experimental measurement will provide the most stringent test of the current model for the electronic structure and the interpretation of the dissociation based on noncoupled excited state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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19
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Nahler NH, Farnik M, Buck U, Vach H, Gerber RB. Photodissociation of HCl and small (HCl)m complexes in and on large Arn clusters. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:1293-302. [PMID: 15260671 DOI: 10.1063/1.1763570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodissociation experiments were carried out at 193 nm for single HCl molecules which are adsorbed on the surface of large Ar n clusters and small (HCl)m complexes which are embedded in the interior of these clusters. For the surface case the size dependence is measured for the average sizes n=140-1000. No cage exit events are observed in agreement with the substitutional position of the molecule deeply buried in the outermost shell. This result is confirmed by a molecular dynamics simulation of the pickup process under realistic conditions concerning the experiment and the interaction potentials. The calculations of the dissociation process employ the surface hopping model. For the embedded case the average sizes covered are m=3 and 6 and n=8-248. The kinetic energy of the H atom fragments is measured exhibiting peaks at zero and around 2.0 eV which mark completely caged and unperturbed fragments, respectively. The ratio of theses peaks strongly depends on the cluster size and agrees well with theoretical predictions for one and two closed icosahedral shells, in which the nonadiabatic coupling of all states was accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hendrik Nahler
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Stromungsforschung, Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Gottingen, Germany
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20
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Camden JP, Bechtel HA, Ankeny Brown DJ, Pomerantz AE, Zare RN, Le Roy RJ. Probing Excited Electronic States Using Vibrationally Mediated Photolysis: Application to Hydrogen Iodide. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049051z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon P. Camden
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Hans A. Bechtel
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | | | - Andrew E. Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Robert J. Le Roy
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Slavicek P, Jungwirth P, Lewerenz M, Nahler NH, Farnik M, Buck U. Photodissociation of hydrogen iodide on the surface of large argon clusters: The orientation of the librational wave function and the scattering from the cluster cage. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:4498-511. [PMID: 15268618 DOI: 10.1063/1.1643895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of photodissociation experiments and simulations of hydrogen iodide (HI) on Arn clusters, with an average size n = 139, has been carried out for different laser polarizations. The doped clusters are prepared by a pick-up process. The HI molecule is then photodissociated by a UV laser pulse and the outgoing H fragment is ionized by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization in a (2 + 1) excitation scheme within the same laser pulse at the wavelength of 243 nm. The measured time-of-flight spectra are transformed into hydrogen kinetic energy distributions. They exhibit a strong fraction of caged H atoms at zero-kinetic energy and peaks at the unperturbed cage exit for both spin-orbit channels nearly independent of the polarization. At this dissociation wavelength, the bare HI molecule exhibits a strict state separation, with a parallel transition to the spin-orbit excited state and perpendicular transitions to the ground state. The experimental results have been reproduced using molecular simulation techniques. Classical molecular dynamics was used to estimate the HI dopant distribution after the pick-up procedure. Subsequently, quasi-classical molecular dynamics (Wigner trajectories approach) has been applied for the photodissociation dynamics. The following main results have been obtained: (i) The HI dopant lands on the surface of the argon cluster during the pick-up process, (ii) zero-point energy plays a dominant role for the hydrogen orientation in the ground state of HI-Arn surface clusters, qualitatively changing the result of the photodissociation experiment upon increasing the number of argon atoms, and, finally, (iii) the scattering of hydrogen atoms from the cage which originate from different dissociation states seriously affects the experimentally measured kinetic energy distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Slavicek
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Center for Complex Molecular Systems and Biomolecules, Dolejskova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Manzhos S, Loock HP, Bakker BLG, Parker DH. Photodissociation of hydrogen iodide in the A-band region 273–288 nm. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1513250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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