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Hao D, Wang Y, Tang X, Zhao X, An Y, Wang W, Li J, Shan X, Lu X. Geometrical and magnetic properties of small titanium and chromium clusters on monolayer hexagonal boron nitride. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6079-6088. [PMID: 36752046 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05638k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic clusters on an insulating substrate are potential candidates for spin-based quantum devices. Here we investigate the geometric, electronic, and magnetic structures of small Ti and Cr clusters, from dimers to pentamers, adsorbed on a single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheet within the framework of density functional theory. The stable adsorption configurations of the Ti clusters and Cr clusters composed of the same number of atoms are found to be totally different from each other. The difference in their bonding mechanisms has been revealed by the density of states and the charge density difference of the corresponding adsorption systems. While chemical bonds are formed between the Ti atoms and the supporting sheet, the Cr clusters are found in the physisorption state on the substrate. In addition, it is shown that the h-BN sheet is energetically favorable for building three-dimensional Ti clusters. These findings support the use of h-BN as a suitable decoupling substrate for manipulation of quantum spin states in small transition metal (TM) clusters and fabrication of devices based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangqian Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinjia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yang An
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Heibei 066004, China
| | - Xinyan Shan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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Adsorption of a water molecule on the surface of neutral and charged titanium clusters: Tin-H2O, Tin+1-H2O, Tin-1-H2O, n ≤ 9. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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3
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Hydrogen Adsorption on Ti–V Binary and Ti–V–Al Ternary Alloys of Ti11 Cluster. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Ab initio DFT simulation of electronic and magnetic properties of Ti n+1 and FeTi n clusters. J Mol Model 2022; 28:56. [PMID: 35132467 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a computational investigation of the electronic and magnetic properties of neutral Tin+1 and FeTin (n = 1-10) clusters using ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The best structures for Tin+1 and FeTin clusters are planar for size n < 5, while from n = 5, they showed a compact three-dimensional cage structure. For the best structures of the FeTin clusters, the Fe atoms favor the peripheral position with the highest coordination with the neighboring Ti atoms. The evolution as a function of the size of the average binding energies (Eb/atom) and HOMO-LUMO gaps of Tin+1 and FeTin (n = 1-10) clusters are studied. The stability results show that the Tin+1 clusters have relatively higher stability than the FeTin cluster with the same size. In addition, the vertical ionization potentials and electron affinities, chemical hardness, and atomic magnetic moment of Tin+1 and FeTin (n = 1-10) clusters are also investigated.
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Yang Y, Qi H, Li H, Xu Z, Liu X, Yu S, Zhang ZC. Heterometallic Pd II–Cl–Cu I Catalyst for Efficient Hydrolysis of β-1,4-Glycosidic Bonds in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Huixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Zhanwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Shuyin Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, P.R. China
| | - Zongchao Conrad Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
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6
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Ichihashi M, Hanmura T, Odaka H. Dissociative Adsorption of N 2 onto Size-Selected Ti n+ and Ti nO + ( n ≤ 16) toward Nitrogen Fixation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5048-5053. [PMID: 34086475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of titanium cluster ions and their oxides with molecular dinitrogen was examined using a tandem-type mass spectrometer at a low collision energy of 0.5 eV. The clusters can adsorb dinitrogen and release a titanium atom to consume the obtained excess energy. This indicates that N2 adsorption energy is large enough to break the titanium cluster. While the smaller clusters have relatively low reactivity, the measured reaction cross section increases with the cluster size and reaches nearly one-third of the Langevin cross section at the larger clusters. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds exothermically and that molecular dinitrogen adsorbs on the clusters dissociatively. It is suggested that the energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of the titanium clusters are decisively important for N2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ichihashi
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hanmura
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Hideho Odaka
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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Fernandes GFS, Machado FBC, Ferrão LFA. Identification of Magic Numbers in Homonuclear Clusters: The ε 3 Stability Ranking Function. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:454-463. [PMID: 31851825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
With the rise of cluster-assembled materials, an index that is able to rank and identify stable clusters or molecules is of great interest in materials sciences and engineering. In the present work, we applied a stability ranking function (ε3) in nanoclusters formed by simple metals (Na, Mg), main group elements (Al), or transition metals (Ti, Cu). The ε3 function parameters are molecular properties derived from the wave function. These parameters can be divided into kinetic and thermodynamic descriptors, in which the kinetic descriptors are the ionization potential and electronic excitation energy, while the atomization free Gibbs energy is the thermodynamic one. This simple ε3 function was able to identify the possible magic numbers of the studied clusters across the periodic table in a good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F S Fernandes
- Departamento de Química , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos , SP 12228-900 , Brasil
| | - Francisco B C Machado
- Departamento de Química , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos , SP 12228-900 , Brasil
| | - Luiz F A Ferrão
- Departamento de Química , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos , SP 12228-900 , Brasil
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8
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Quantum molecular study on doping effect in titanium and vanadium clusters: their application to remove some chemical species. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Majid A, Jabeen A, Khan SUD, Haider S. Optical Properties of Titania–Zirconia Clusters: a TD-DFT Study. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Gilmour JTA, Gaston N. On the involvement of d-electrons in superatomic shells: the group 3 and 4 transition metals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8035-8045. [PMID: 30932111 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The geometries and electronic structures of small M7C (M = Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf; C = 0, ±1, ±2) clusters have been calculated at a range of multiplicities at each cluster charge, using density functional theory methods. These clusters conform to the existing superatom model, with some contextual differences. There are a range of states which are populated by the outermost s and d-electrons of the constituent atoms, with an irregular Aufbau rule for the states formed from the atomic d-electrons. The states comprised of d-electrons present themselves as two states of P-symmetry and two states of F-symmetry, which are nearly degenerate, followed by states of D-symmetry, a shell ordering which arises due to the symmetry, and favourable overlap, of the contributing states. The effect of exact exchange in modulating the localisation of these states is also discussed. In addition, this study shows pseudo-superatomic states which arise due to the 5-fold symmetry of the clusters, materialising as either a ring or plane of electron density. In summary, these observations allow for an expansion of the role that early transition metals have within the existing superatom framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T A Gilmour
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, The Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - N Gaston
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, The Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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11
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Pakiari AH, Salarhaji M. Introducing nano-particle-type properties of Ti (n=2–6) clusters. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 85:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Lazauskas T, Sokol AA, Buckeridge J, Catlow CRA, Escher SGET, Farrow MR, Mora-Fonz D, Blum VW, Phaahla TM, Chauke HR, Ngoepe PE, Woodley SM. Thermodynamically accessible titanium clusters TiN, N = 2–32. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13962-13973. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a genetic algorithm search on the tight-binding interatomic potential energy surface (PES) for small TiN (N = 2–32) clusters.
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13
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14
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Flores R, Cortes HF, Castro M. Probing the stability of the M2(Benzene)3 M = Fe, Co, and Ni structures upon electron attachment (deletion) and solvated iron clusters by benzene molecules: Fe2(Benzene)4. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Li TL, Lu WC. Application of Koopmans' theorem for density functional theory to full valence-band photoemission spectroscopy modeling. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 149:434-440. [PMID: 25974677 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Koopmans' theorem for Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) is applied to the photoemission spectra (PES) modeling over the entire valence-band. To examine the validity of this application, a PES modeling scheme is developed to facilitate a full valence-band comparison of theoretical PES spectra with experiments. The PES model incorporates the variations of electron ionization cross-sections over atomic orbitals and a linear dispersion of spectral broadening widths. KS-DFT simulations of pristine rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene) and potassium-rubrene complex are performed, and the simulation results are used as the input to the PES models. Two conclusions are reached. First, decompositions of the theoretical total spectra show that the dissociated electron of the potassium mainly remains on the backbone and has little effect on the electronic structures of phenyl side groups. This and other electronic-structure results deduced from the spectral decompositions have been qualitatively obtained with the anionic approximation to potassium-rubrene complexes. The qualitative validity of the anionic approximation is thus verified. Second, comparison of the theoretical PES with the experiments shows that the full-scale simulations combined with the PES modeling methods greatly enhance the agreement on spectral shapes over the anionic approximation. This agreement of the theoretical PES spectra with the experiments over the full valence-band can be regarded, to some extent, as a collective validation of the application of Koopmans' theorem for KS-DFT to valence-band PES, at least, for this hydrocarbon and its alkali-adsorbed complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lung Li
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chia-Yi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cai Lu
- Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile and Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
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16
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Sun H, Ren Y, Wu Z, Xu N. Density functional calculation of the growth, electronic and bonding properties of titanium clusters Tin (n=2–20). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Fernando A, Weerawardene KLDM, Karimova NV, Aikens CM. Quantum Mechanical Studies of Large Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Clusters. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6112-216. [PMID: 25898274 DOI: 10.1021/cr500506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amendra Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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18
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Takahashi K, Isobe S. Enhancing the hydrogen storage capacity of TiFe by utilizing clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16765-70. [PMID: 25002240 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N-13, W-8, Sapporo 060-8278, Japan.
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19
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Verkhovtsev AV, Sushko GB, Yakubovich AV, Solov’yov AV. Benchmarking of classical force fields by ab initio calculations of atomic clusters: Ti and Ni–Ti case. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Datta S, Saha-Dasgupta T. Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of transition metal binary alloy clusters with isoelectronic components: case study with MnmTcn, TimZrn and MnmRen. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:225302. [PMID: 23673337 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/22/225302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of achieving an understanding of the properties of bimetallic alloy clusters having atoms of two isoelectronic elements, we have studied the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of MnmTcn, MnmRen and TimZrn clusters with m + n = 13 (n = 0, 1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13), using first-principles density functional calculations. MnmTcn and MnmRen represent clusters of isoelectronic series with a half-filled d shell, while TimZrn represents an isoelectronic cluster series of early transition metals. Mn-rich alloy clusters are found to prefer compact structures and isoelectronic Tc-rich or Re-rich alloy clusters are found to adopt open structures. In contrast, TimZrn clusters are all found to stabilize in compact structures, irrespective of being Ti-rich or Zr-rich. This change in behavior between two isoelectronic series is found to be driven by differences in hybridization effects, due to differences in the evolution of the relative energy positions of the d level with respect to the s and p levels upon moving from 3d to 4d or 5d elements. This effect further competes with the magnetization effect to decide the morphology of the alloy clusters. Focusing on the magnetic properties of the studied clusters, we find that the single Tc atom substituted alloy cluster exhibits markedly improved magnetic properties compared to that of pure Mn clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumendu Datta
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, India
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Gutsev GL, Weatherford CW, Belay KG, Ramachandran BR, Jena P. An all-electron density functional theory study of the structure and properties of the neutral and singly charged M12 and M13 clusters: M = Sc–Zn. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:164303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4799917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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22
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Wang H, Hu N, Tao DJ, Lu ZH, Nie J, Chen XS. Structural and electronic properties of phosphorus-doped titanium clusters: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Foroutan-Nejad C, Shahbazian S, Rashidi-Ranjbar P. The critical re-evaluation of the aromatic/antiaromatic nature of Ti3(CO)3: a missed opportunity? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4576-82. [PMID: 21279217 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nature of bonding and aromaticity of Ti(3)(CO)(3), a mill-shaped metal-carbonyl complex, is studied carefully. A unique bonding mechanism between metal and carbonyl groups is found in this species. Ti(3)(CO)(3) is an example of a metal-carbonyl complex with prominent metal to carbonyl donation. Moreover, it is proven that not only is Ti(3)(CO)(3) not an antiaromatic complex but also it is the first synthesized example of d-block, σ+π aromatic species. A quick survey among the first row of transition metals in the periodic table shows that other local minima with similar structures and aromaticity are present and Ti(3)(CO)(3) is the first synthesized species of an unknown family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Lv J, Zhang FQ, Jia JF, Xu XH, Wu HS. First-principles study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Co13−nMn (n=1, 2, M=Mn, V and Al) clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Theoretical study on the interaction of neutral and charged Tin (n=1–7) clusters with one nitrogen molecule. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Salazar Villanueva M, Romero AH, Bautista Hernández A. Ideal strength on clusters from first principles: the Ti(13) case. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:465709. [PMID: 19847033 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/46/465709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical behavior of a Ti(13) cluster, based on total energy mechanical quantum calculations is studied. The cluster geometry has been optimized and good agreement with previous reports has been found. Axial strain is applied along one of the principal axes and the changes on the energetic and vibrational properties of the system are followed. To characterize the cluster stability as a function of strain, vibrational frequencies and total energy have been calculated, to obtain the cluster maximum load tolerance for compression (C) and tensile (T). If the maximum load is defined through a vibrational instability, it happens to be two and half, and three times larger than when the maximum total energy is considered (C and T respectively). As a result of the induced strain along of the C(5) symmetry element, the cluster changes its point group symmetry from I(h) to D(5d), with an energy difference of 1.17 eV (for compression) and 0.33 eV (for tension) with respect to the ground state geometry. The electronic changes are also characterized, as function of the strain, by following the modifications of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and changes on the total atomic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salazar Villanueva
- Cinvestav, Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Real de Juriquilla, CP 7230, Querétaro, Mexico.
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27
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Gutsev GL, Mochena MD, Bauschlicher CW, Zheng WJ, Thomas OC, Bowen KH. Electronic and geometrical structure of Mn13 anions, cations, and neutrals. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:044310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2956494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Lee B, Lee GW. Comparative study of Ti and Ni clusters from first principles. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:164316. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Salazar-Villanueva M, Hernandez Tejeda PH, Pal U, Rivas-Silva JF, Rodríguez Mora JI, Ascencio JA. Stable Tin (n = 2−15) Clusters and Their Geometries: DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:10274-8. [PMID: 16928118 DOI: 10.1021/jp061332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a detailed structural analysis for small Tin (n = 2-15) clusters based on ab initio quantum mechanical calculations of their binding energies, frontier orbital gaps, and second energy derivatives. Local density approximation calculations revealed that while the smaller clusters (n < or = 8) prefer hexagonal atomic arrays with bulklike crystal symmetry, the bigger clusters prefer pentagonal atomic arrays. From the stability criteria of the magic number clusters we could identify three magic number clusters Ti7, Ti13, and Ti15. While the most stable configuration of Ti7 is a decahedral bipyramid induced by tetrahedral atomic arrays, the most stable configuration of Ti13 is an icosahedron. The other stable cluster Ti15 takes a closed-shell icosahedron-like configuration with both pentagonal and hexagonal symmetries. The stability of the Tin clusters strongly depends on their geometries and charge states. The HOMO-LUMO gap of the Tin clusters approaches its bulk value for n > 8. While there is not much difference between the HOMO and LUMO isosurface charge distributions for the Ti7 and Ti13 clusters in their most stable configurations, they are very different in the case of Ti15. Such a distinct charge distribution in Ti15 indicates its singular chemical selectivity over the other two magic number clusters.
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Sun S, Xing X, Liu H, Tang Z. Phenyl-Coinage Metal (Ag, Au) Complexes: an Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:11742-51. [PMID: 16366624 DOI: 10.1021/jp054068i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The important intermediate phenyl-coinage metal complexes (Ag(m)C6H5(-), Au(m)C6H5(-)), which are produced from the reactions between coinage metal clusters formed by laser ablation and the benzene molecules seeded in argon carrier gas, are studied by PES (photoelectron spectroscopy) and DFT (density functional theory). The EAs (adiabatic electron affinities) of these complexes are obtained from PES at both 308 and 193 nm photon energies and show odd-even alternation. Calculations with DFT are carried out on the structural and electronic properties of Ag(m)C6H5(-) and Au(m)C6H5(-); the adiabatic detachment energy and the calculated DOS (density of states) for the ground state of a given anion are in good agreement with the experimental PES results. The observed spectra are also compared with those of the pure coinage metal clusters, which reveal that there are some similarities between them and the phenyl acts like an additional metal atom in the clusters. Furthermore, the bonding between phenyl and metal is analyzed, suggesting that phenyl group binds perpendicularly on metal clusters through C-M sigma bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Center of Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
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Abstract
Density-functional theory has been used to determine the ground-state geometries and electronic states for homonuclear transition-metal trimers constrained to equilateral triangle geometries. This represents the first application of consistent theoretical methods to all of the ten 3d block transition-metal trimers, from scandium to zinc. A search of the potential surfaces yields the following electronic ground states and bond lengths: Sc3(2A1',2.83 A), Ti3(7E',2.32 A), V3(2E",2.06 A), Cr3(17E',2.92 A), Mn3(16A2',2.73 A), Fe3(11E",2.24 A), Co3(6E",2.18 A), Ni3(3A2",2.23 A), Cu3(2E',2.37 A), and Zn3(1A1',2.93 A). Vibrational frequencies, several low-lying electronic states, and trends in bond lengths and atomization energies are discussed. The predicted dissociation energies DeltaE(M3-->M2+M) are 49.4 kcal mol(-1)(Sc3), 64.3 kcal mol(-1)(Ti3), 60.7 kcal mol(-1)(V3), 11.5 kcal mol(-1)(Cr3), 32.4 kcal mol(-1)(Mn3), 61.5 kcal mol(-1)(Fe3), 78.0 kcal mol(-1)(Co3), 86.1 kcal mol(-1)(Ni3), 26.8 kcal mol(-1)(Cu3), and 4.5 kcal mol(-1)(Zn3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Papas
- Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Xu Q, Jiang L, Tsumori N. cyclo-Ti3[η2(μ2-C,O)]3: A Side-on-Bonded Polycarbonyl Titanium Cluster with Potentially Antiaromatic Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:4338-42. [PMID: 15945111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.
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Xu Q, Jiang L, Tsumori N. cyclo-Ti3[η2(μ2-C,O)]3: A Side-on-Bonded Polycarbonyl Titanium Cluster with Potentially Antiaromatic Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang SY, Yu JZ, Mizuseki H, Yan JA, Kawazoe Y, Wang CY. First-principles study of the electronic structures of icosahedral TiN (N=13,19,43,55) clusters. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:8463-8. [PMID: 15267771 DOI: 10.1063/1.1701769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the electronic structures of icosahedral Ti(N) clusters (N=13, 19, 43, and 55) by using a real-space first-principles cluster method with generalized gradient approximation for exchange-correlation potential. The hexagonal close-packed and fcc close-packed clusters have been studied additionally for comparisons. It is found that the icosahedral structures are the most stable ones except for Ti(43), where fcc close-packed structure is favorable in energy. We present and discuss the variation of bond length, the features of the highest occupied molecular orbitals and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, the evolution of density of states, and the magnetic moment in detail. The results are in good agreement with the predictions from the collision-induced dissociation and size-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ying Wang
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Zhang DB, Shen J. Ground state, growth, and electronic properties of small lanthanum clusters. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:5104-9. [PMID: 15267379 DOI: 10.1063/1.1647060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The DMol cluster method based on density-functional theory has been employed to study the structural stability and electronic structure of La(n) (n=2-14) clusters. The ground states have been found out for lanthanum clusters. The Jahn-Teller effect plays an important role in this process because there are many isomers near the ground state. The magnetism is not sensitive to interatomic spacing when the change of interatomic spacing is in a small range. Lanthanum clusters grow in an icosahedral pattern. The results of the mean binding energy, of the second derivative of binding energy, and of the formation energy show strong odd-even alternation and that 7- and 13-atom clusters are magic. Further, the HOMO-LUMO gap, the mean nearest bond lengths, and the mean magnetic moments suggest that the convergence to bulk is slow and it shows an oscillatory behavior for small lanthanum clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Liu SR, Zhai HJ, Castro M, Wang LS. Photoelectron spectroscopy of Tin− clusters (n=1–130). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1531999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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