1
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Zhulina EB, Sheiko SS, Dobrynin AV, Borisov OV. Microphase Segregation in the Melts of Bottlebrush Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina B. Zhulina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill 27599, United States
| | - Andrey V. Dobrynin
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Oleg V. Borisov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS UPPA, Pau 64053, France
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2
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Tabujew I, Cokca C, Zartner L, Schubert US, Nischang I, Fischer D, Peneva K. The influence of gradient and statistical arrangements of guanidinium or primary amine groups in poly(methacrylate) copolymers on their DNA binding affinity. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5920-5929. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first gradient guanidinium containing cationic copolymers and investigate their binding ability to plasmid DNA (pDNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Tabujew
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Ceren Cokca
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Leon Zartner
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Jena Center of Soft Matter
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Jena Center of Soft Matter
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter
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3
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Abstract
Synthesis of gradient liquid crystalline copolymers is reported for the first time, phase structures of which on multiple length scales with composition and temperature are investigated and compared with the corresponding diblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Polymer Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Huiming Xiong
- Department of Polymer Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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4
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Venev SV, Potemkin II. Swelling of chemical and physical planar brushes of gradient copolymers in a selective solvent. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6442-6450. [PMID: 25058377 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a mean-field theory of chemical and physical planar brushes of linear gradient copolymers swollen in a selective solvent. The polymer chains are grafted to the substrate by the ends with the excess of insoluble monomer units, and the majority of the soluble units are located near the free ends of the chains. The grafting points are considered to be immobile (chemical brush) and mobile in-plane (physical brush). In the latter case the grafting density is determined from the equilibrium conditions (minimum of the free energy). A common peculiarity of the brushes of both types is that the polymer concentration gradually changes from a relatively high value near the substrate (collapsed region of the brush) to a small value near the free surface (swollen region of the brush). In the case of the chemical brush, a polymer depletion zone can appear in the middle of the brush if incompatibility between insoluble and soluble (A and B) units is high enough. Here the polymer density is even lower than near the free surface of the brush. The grafting density of the physical brush is inversely proportional to the chain length and increases with the decrease of the solvent quality for the insoluble (A) units. The latter can be accompanied by shrinkage of the brush thickness due to broad distribution of the insoluble units through the chain: a minor fraction of insoluble units near the free ends can aggregate with a major fraction of them near the substrate. As a result, the concentration of the soluble (B) units can have a maximum in the middle of the brush rather than near the free surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Venev
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
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5
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Li X, Wang WJ, Weng F, Li BG, Zhu S. Targeting Copolymer Composition Distribution via Model-Based Monomer Feeding Policy in Semibatch RAFT Mini-Emulsion Copolymerization of Styrene and Butyl Acrylate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402799u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyin Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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6
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Ganesan V, Kumar NA, Pryamitsyn V. Blockiness and Sequence Polydispersity Effects on the Phase Behavior and Interfacial Properties of Gradient Copolymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301136y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - N. Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Victor Pryamitsyn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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7
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Amphiphilic gradient copolymer of [poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether] methacrylate and styrene via atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-1207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Trombly DM, Pryamitsyn V, Ganesan V. Self-Assembly of Diblock Copolymer on Substrates Modified by Random Copolymer Brushes. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202075d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Trombly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Victor Pryamitsyn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Zhao Y, Luo YW, Li BG, Zhu S. pH Responsivity and micelle formation of gradient copolymers of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate in aqueous solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:11306-11315. [PMID: 21819117 DOI: 10.1021/la2011875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of gradient copolymers of methacrylic acid (MAA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) with four end-to-end composition profiles (uniform, linear gradient, triblock with linear gradient midblock, and diblock) but all having an average chain composition of ̅F(MMA) ≈ 0.5 and an average chain length of 200 were synthesized via model-based, computer-programmed, semibatch atom-transfer radical copolymerization (ATRcoP). These samples allowed us to investigate systematically the effects of the gradient composition profile on the pH responsivity and micelle formation of the copolymers in an aqueous solution. Measurements included light transmittance, TEM, AFM, DLS, (1)H NMR, and pH titration. It was found that linear gradient, triblock, and diblock copolymers formed spherical micelles at high pH. The micelles of the linear gradient copolymer contained MMA units in their hydrophilic shells, and those of the triblock and diblock copolymers had all of their MMA units residing in their cores. The composition profile showed a strong effect on the degree of acid dissociation at a given pH. The conformational transition of the copolymer chains was determined by both the pH value and composition profile. Copolymers having sharper gradients required a lower pH to trigger the conformational transition and a narrower pH range to complete the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Bio-Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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10
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Trombly DM, Pryamitsyn V, Ganesan V. Interfacial properties of statistical copolymer brushes in contact with homopolymer melts. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:154903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3575182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Tito NB, Milner ST, Lipson JEG. Self-Assembly of Lamellar Microphases in Linear Gradient Copolymer Melts. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102296r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Tito
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Scott T. Milner
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jane E. G. Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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12
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Wang L, Broadbelt LJ. Explicit Sequence of Styrene/Methyl Methacrylate Gradient Copolymers Synthesized by Forced Gradient Copolymerization with Nitroxide-Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Linda J. Broadbelt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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13
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Zhao Y, Luo YW, Ye C, Li BG, Zhu S. Model-based design and synthesis of gradient MMA/t
BMA copolymers by computer-programmed semibatch atom transfer radical copolymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Seno KI, Tsujimoto I, Kanaoka S, Aoshima S. Synthesis of various stimuli-responsive gradient copolymers by living cationic polymerization and their thermally or solvent induced association behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Seno KI, Tsujimoto I, Kikuchi T, Kanaoka S, Aoshima S. Thermosensitive gradient copolymers by living cationic polymerization: Semibatch precision synthesis and stepwise dehydration-induced micellization and physical gelation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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17
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Fernández-García M, Cañamero PF, Fuente JLDL. Synthesis and characterization of functional gradient copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Ritz P, Látalová P, Kříž J, Genzer J, Vlček P. Statistical copolymers of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate synthesized by ATRP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Min K, Kwon Oh J, Matyjaszewski K. Preparation of gradient copolymers via ATRP in miniemulsion. II. Forced gradient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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París R, De la Fuente JL. Glass transition temperature of allyl methacrylate-n-butyl acrylate gradient copolymers in dependence on chemical composition and molecular weight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Berezkin AV, Khalatur PG, Khokhlov AR. Simulation of Gradient Copolymers Synthesis via Conformation-Dependent Graft Copolymerization near a Uniform Adsorbing Surface. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060280o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Berezkin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tver State University, Tver 170002, Russian Federation, Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation, Department of Polymer Science, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany, and Physics Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel G. Khalatur
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tver State University, Tver 170002, Russian Federation, Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation, Department of Polymer Science, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany, and Physics Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tver State University, Tver 170002, Russian Federation, Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation, Department of Polymer Science, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany, and Physics Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russian Federation
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22
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Lefebvre MD, Dettmer CM, McSwain RL, Xu C, Davila JR, Composto RJ, Nguyen ST, Shull KR. Effect of Sequence Distribution on Copolymer Interfacial Activity. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0509762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Lefebvre
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
| | - Christine M. Dettmer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
| | - Rachel L. McSwain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
| | - Jonathan R. Davila
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
| | - SonBinh T. Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
| | - Kenneth R. Shull
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272
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23
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Akgun B, Brittain WJ, Li X, Wang J, Foster MD. Interface Roughness Correlation in Diblock Copolymer Brushes Synthesized by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051277s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Akgun
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, and Experimental Facilities Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - William J. Brittain
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, and Experimental Facilities Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Xuefa Li
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, and Experimental Facilities Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Jin Wang
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, and Experimental Facilities Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Mark D. Foster
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, 170 University Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, and Experimental Facilities Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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24
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Min K, Li M, Matyjaszewski K. Preparation of gradient copolymers via ATRP using a simultaneous reverse and normal initiation process. I. Spontaneous gradient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Dettmer CM, Gray MK, Torkelson JM, Nguyen ST. Synthesis and Functionalization of ROMP-Based Gradient Copolymers of 5-Substituted Norbornenes. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma036002w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Dettmer
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Maisha K. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - SonBinh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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26
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Mignard E, Leblanc T, Bertin D, Guerret O, Reed WF. Online Monitoring of Controlled Radical Polymerization: Nitroxide-Mediated Gradient Copolymerization. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035589b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Mignard
- Physics Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118; Chemistry Department, U. Marseille, France; and Atofina Corp., Lacq, France
| | - Thierry Leblanc
- Physics Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118; Chemistry Department, U. Marseille, France; and Atofina Corp., Lacq, France
| | - Denis Bertin
- Physics Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118; Chemistry Department, U. Marseille, France; and Atofina Corp., Lacq, France
| | - Olivier Guerret
- Physics Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118; Chemistry Department, U. Marseille, France; and Atofina Corp., Lacq, France
| | - Wayne F. Reed
- Physics Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118; Chemistry Department, U. Marseille, France; and Atofina Corp., Lacq, France
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