1
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Fatemi SM, Fatemi SJ. A comparative study of the wetting behaviors on a rutile TiO2 having different surface morphologies. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 112:108123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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2
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Miyazaki M, Sugawara Y, Li YJ. Charge Behavior of Terminal Hydroxyl on Rutile TiO 2(110). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10588-10593. [PMID: 34433262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is of considerable interest as a photocatalyst and a catalyst support. Surface hydroxyl groups (OH) are the most common adsorbates on the TiO2 surface and are believed to play crucial roles in their applications. Although the characteristics of bridging hydroxyl (OHbr) have been well understood, the adsorption structure and charged states of terminal hydroxyl (OHt) have not yet been experimentally elucidated at an atomic scale. In this study, we have investigated an isolated OHt on the rutile TiO2(110) surface by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). We found that OHt is in a negatively charged state. The unique characteristic of OHt is different from that of OHbr and involves the amphoterism and diversity of catalytic reactions of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sugawara
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yan Jun Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Groh S, Saßnick H, Ruiz VG, Dzubiella J. How the hydroxylation state of the (110)-rutile TiO 2 surface governs its electric double layer properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14770-14782. [PMID: 34196342 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxylation state of an oxide surface is a central property of its solid/liquid interface and its corresponding electrical double layer. This study integrated both a reactive force field (ReaxFF) and a non-reactive potential into a hierarchical framework within molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to reveal how the hydroxylation state of the (110)-rutile TiO2 surface affects the electrical double layer properties. The simulation results obtained in the ReaxFF framework have shown that, while water dissociation occurs only at the under-coordinated Ti5c sites on the pristine TiO2 surface, the presence of point defects on the surface facilitates water dissociation at the oxygen vacancy sites, leading to two protonated oxygen bridge atoms for each vacancy site. As a consequence of enhanced water dissociation at the vacancy sites, water dissociation is quenched at the under-coordinated Ti5c sites resulting in two competitive hydroxylation mechanisms on the (110)-TiO2 surface. Using non-reactive MD simulations with hydroxylation states derived from the ReaxFF analysis, we demonstrate that water dissociation at the vacancy sites is a central mechanism governing the structuring of water near the interface. While the structuring of water near the interface is the main contribution to the electric field, water dissociation at the vacancy site enhances the adsorption of the electrolyte ions at the interface. The adsorbed ions lead to an increase of the effective surface charge as well as surface (zeta) potentials which are in the range of experimental observations. Our work provides a hierarchical multiscale simulation approach, covering a series of results with in-depth discussion for atomic/molecular level understanding of water dissociation and its effect on electric double layer properties of TiO2 to advance water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Groh
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Holger Saßnick
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor G Ruiz
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. and Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Shevkunov SV. Condensed Water Phase Nuclei in the Field of a Vacancy on a Crystalline Substrate Surface. COLLOID JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x20040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Dai Z, Shi L, Lu L, Sun Y, Lu X. Unique Structures and Vibrational Spectra of Protic Ionic Liquids Confined in TiO 2 Slits: The Role of Interfacial Hydrogen Bonds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13449-13458. [PMID: 30350690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ionic liquid (IL)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) interface exists in many application systems, such as nanomaterial synthesis, catalysis, and electrochemistry systems. The nanoscale interfacial properties in the above systems are a common issue. However, directly detecting the interfacial properties of nanoconfined ILs by experimental methods is still challenging. To help better learn about the interfacial issue, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to explore the structures, vibration spectra, and hydrogen bond (HB) properties at the IL/TiO2 interface. Ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) ILs confined in TiO2 slit pores with different pore widths were studied. A unique vibrational spectrum appeared for EAN ILs confined in a 0.7 nm TiO2 slit, and this phenomenon is related to interfacial hydrogen bonds (HBs). An analysis of the HB types indicated that the interfacial NH3+ group of the cations was in an asymmetric HB environment in the 0.7 nm TiO2 slit, which led to the disappearance of the symmetric N-H stretching mode. In addition, the significant increase in the HB strength between NH3+ groups and the TiO2 surface slowed down the stretching vibration of the N-H bond, resulting in one peak in the vibrational spectra at a lower frequency. For the first time, our simulation work establishes a molecular-level relationship between the vibrational spectrum and the local HB environment of nanoconfined ILs at the IL/TiO2 interface, and this relationship is helpful for interface design in related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Dai
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Linghong Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
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6
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Agosta L, Brandt EG, Lyubartsev AP. Diffusion and reaction pathways of water near fully hydrated TiO 2 surfaces from ab initio molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:024704. [PMID: 28711052 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are reported for water-embedded TiO2 surfaces to determine the diffusive and reactive behavior at full hydration. A three-domain model is developed for six surfaces [rutile (110), (100), and (001), and anatase (101), (100), and (001)] which describes waters as "hard" (irreversibly bound to the surface), "soft" (with reduced mobility but orientation freedom near the surface), or "bulk." The model explains previous experimental data and provides a detailed picture of water diffusion near TiO2 surfaces. Water reactivity is analyzed with a graph-theoretic approach that reveals a number of reaction pathways on TiO2 which occur at full hydration, in addition to direct water splitting. Hydronium (H3O+) is identified to be a key intermediate state, which facilitates water dissociation by proton hopping between intact and dissociated waters near the surfaces. These discoveries significantly improve the understanding of nanoscale water dynamics and reactivity at TiO2 interfaces under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Agosta
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik G Brandt
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander P Lyubartsev
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Biriukov D, Kroutil O, Předota M. Modeling of solid–liquid interfaces using scaled charges: rutile (110) surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23954-23966. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04535f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The first application of the electronic continuum correction model with scaled charges to molecular dynamics simulations of solid–liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Biriukov
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of South Bohemia
- České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kroutil
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of South Bohemia
- České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - Milan Předota
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of South Bohemia
- České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
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8
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Hawkins T, Allen N, Machesky ML, Wesolowski DJ, Kabengi N. Ion Exchange Thermodynamics at the Rutile-Water Interface: Flow Microcalorimetric Measurements and Surface Complexation Modeling of Na-K-Rb-Cl-NO 3 Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4934-4941. [PMID: 28459581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flow microcalorimetry was used to investigate the energetics associated with Rb+, K+, Na+, Cl-, and NO3- exchange at the rutile-water interface. Heats of exchange reflected differences in bulk hydration/dehydration enthalpies (Na+ > K+ > Rb+, and Cl- > NO3-) such that exchanging Na+ or Cl- from the surface was exothermic, reflecting their greater bulk hydration enthalpies. Exchange heats were measured at pH 2, 3.25, 5.8, and 11 and exhibited considerable differences as well as pH dependence. These trends were rationalized with the aid of a molecularly constrained surface complexation model (SCM) that incorporated the inner-sphere binding observed for the cations on the rutile (110) surface. Explicitly accounting for the inner-sphere binding configuration differences between Rb+, K+, and Na+, as well as accompanying differences in negative surface charge development, resulted in much better agreement with measured exchange ratios than by considering bulk hydration enthalpies alone. The observation that calculated exchange ratios agreed with those measured experimentally lends additional credence to the SCM. Consequently, flow microcalorimetry and surface complexation modeling are a useful complement of techniques for probing the energetics associated with ion exchange and adsorption processes and should also serve to help validate molecular simulations of interfacial energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Hawkins
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Nicholas Allen
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Michael L Machesky
- Illinois State Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - David J Wesolowski
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nadine Kabengi
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University , Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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9
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Pham TA, Ping Y, Galli G. Modelling heterogeneous interfaces for solar water splitting. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:401-408. [PMID: 28068314 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The generation of hydrogen from water and sunlight offers a promising approach for producing scalable and sustainable carbon-free energy. The key of a successful solar-to-fuel technology is the design of efficient, long-lasting and low-cost photoelectrochemical cells, which are responsible for absorbing sunlight and driving water splitting reactions. To this end, a detailed understanding and control of heterogeneous interfaces between photoabsorbers, electrolytes and catalysts present in photoelectrochemical cells is essential. Here we review recent progress and open challenges in predicting physicochemical properties of heterogeneous interfaces for solar water splitting applications using first-principles-based approaches, and highlights the key role of these calculations in interpreting increasingly complex experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Pham
- Quantum Simulations Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Yuan Ping
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Giulia Galli
- The Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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10
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First Principles Study on the Interaction Mechanisms of Water Molecules on TiO₂ Nanotubes. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9121018. [PMID: 28774138 PMCID: PMC5456952 DOI: 10.3390/ma9121018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption properties of water molecules on TiO₂ nanotubes (TiO₂NT) and the interaction mechanisms between water molecules are studied by first principles calculations. The adsorption preferences of water molecules in molecular or dissociated states on clean and H-terminated TiO₂NT are evaluated. Adsorption of OH clusters on (0, 6) and (9, 0) TiO₂ nanotubes are first studied. The smallest adsorption energies are -1.163 eV and -1.383 eV, respectively, by examining five different adsorption sites on each type of tube. Eight and six adsorption sites were considered for OH adsorbtion on the H terminated (0, 6) and (9, 0) nanotubes. Water molecules are reformed with the smallest adsorption energy of -4.796 eV on the former and of -5.013 eV on the latter nanotube, respectively. For the adsorption of a single water molecule on TiO₂NT, the molecular state shows the strongest adsorption preference with an adsorption energy of -0.660 eV. The adsorption of multiple (two and three) water molecules on TiO₂NT is also studied. The calculated results show that the interactions between water molecules greatly affect their adsorption properties. Competition occurs between the molecular and dissociated states. The electronic structures are calculated to clarify the interaction mechanisms between water molecules and TiO₂NT. The bonding interactions between H from water and oxygen from TiO₂NT may be the reason for the dissociation of water on TiO₂NT.
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11
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Chermahini AN, Farrokhpour H, Zeinodini A. Adsorption of some important tautomers of 5-amino tetrazole on the (001) and (101) surfaces of anatase: Theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Zheng T, Wu C, Chen M, Zhang Y, Cummings PT. A DFT study of water adsorption on rutile TiO2 (110) surface: The effects of surface steps. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:044702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4958969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1604, USA
| | - Chunya Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1604, USA
| | - Peter T. Cummings
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1604, USA
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13
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Brandt EG, Agosta L, Lyubartsev AP. Reactive wetting properties of TiO2 nanoparticles predicted by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13385-13398. [PMID: 27341183 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Small-sized wet TiO2 nanoparticles have been investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Chemical and physical adsorption of water on the TiO2-water interface was studied as a function of water content, ranging from dry nanoparticles to wet nanoparticles with monolayer coverage of water. The surface reactivity was shown to be a concave function of water content and driven by surface defects. The local coordination number at the defect was identified as the key factor to decide whether water adsorption proceeds through dissociation or physisorption on the surface. A consistent picture of TiO2 nanoparticle wetting at the microscopic level emerges, which corroborates existing experimental data and gives further insight into the molecular mechanisms behind nanoparticle wetting. These calculations will facilitate the engineering of metal oxide nanoparticles with a controlled catalytic water activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik G Brandt
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Wu H, Cai W, Long M, Wang H, Wang Z, Chen C, Hu X, Yu X. Sulfur Dioxide Capture by Heterogeneous Oxidation on Hydroxylated Manganese Dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5809-5816. [PMID: 27123922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that sulfur dioxide (SO2) is efficiently captured via heterogeneous oxidation into sulfate on the surface of hydroxylated manganese dioxide (MnO2). Lab-scale activity tests in a fluidized bed reactor showed that the removal efficiency for a simulated flue gas containing 5000 mg·Nm(-3) SO2 could reach nearly 100% with a GHSV (gas hourly space velocity) of 10000 h(-1). The mechanism was investigated using a combination of experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations. It was found that formation of surface bound sulfate proceeds via association of SO2 with terminal hydroxyls. Both H2O and O2 are essential for the generation of reactive terminal hydroxyls, and the indirect role of O2 in heterogeneous SO2 oxidation at low temperature was also revealed. We propose that the high reactivity of terminal hydroxyls is attributed to the proper surface configuration of MnO2 to adsorb water with degenerate energies for associative and dissociative states, and maintain rapid proton dynamics. Viability analyses suggest that the desulfurization method that is based on such a direct oxidation reaction at the gas/solid interface represents a promising approach for SO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
- Identity Environmental Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weimin Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
- Identity Environmental Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
- Identity Environmental Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
- Identity Environmental Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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15
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Li H, Shang J, Shi J, Zhao K, Zhang L. Facet-dependent solar ammonia synthesis of BiOCl nanosheets via a proton-assisted electron transfer pathway. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1986-93. [PMID: 26701815 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Under the pressure of a fossil fuels shortage and global climate change, solar ammonia synthesis and the need to develop N2 fixation under mild conditions is becoming more urgent need; however, their intrinsic mechanisms still remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that the kinetic inertia of N2 can be overcome using oxygen vacancies (OVs) of BiOCl as the catalytic centers to create lower energy molecular steps, which are amendable for the solar light driven N-N triple bond cleavage via a proton-assisted electron transfer pathway. Moreover, the distinct structures of OVs on different BiOCl facets strongly determine the N2 fixation pathways by influencing both the adsorption structure and the activation level of N2. The fixation of terminal end-on bound N2 on the OVs of BiOCl {001} facets follows an asymmetric distal mode by selectively generating NH3, while the reduction of side-on bridging N2 on the OVs of BiOCl {010} facets is more energetically favorable in a symmetric alternating mode to produce N2H4 as the main intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Jingu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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16
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Sergeev ME, Morgia F, Lazari M, Wang C, van Dam RM. Titania-catalyzed radiofluorination of tosylated precursors in highly aqueous medium. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5686-94. [PMID: 25860121 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic radiofluorination is an efficient synthetic route to many positron-emission tomography (PET) probes, but removal of water to activate the cyclotron-produced [(18)F]fluoride has to be performed prior to reaction, which significantly increases overall radiolabeling time and causes radioactivity loss. In this report, we demonstrate the possibility of (18)F-radiofluorination in highly aqueous medium. The method utilizes titania nanoparticles, 1:1 (v/v) acetonitrile-thexyl alcohol solvent mixture, and tetra-n-butylammonium bicarbonate as a phase-transfer agent. Efficient radiolabeling is directly performed with aqueous [(18)F]fluoride without the need for a drying/azeotroping step to significantly reduce radiosynthesis time. High radiochemical purity of the target compound is also achieved. The substrate scope of the synthetic strategy is demonstrated with a range of aromatic, aliphatic, and cycloaliphatic tosylated precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E Sergeev
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Federica Morgia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mark Lazari
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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17
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Migani A, Mowbray DJ, Zhao J, Petek H. Quasiparticle Interfacial Level Alignment of Highly Hybridized Frontier Levels: H2O on TiO2(110). J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 11:239-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500779s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Migani
- ICN2 - Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, ICN2 Building,
Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC - Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICN2 Building, Campus
UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Duncan J. Mowbray
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Center, Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU and DIPC, E-20018 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department
of Physics and ICQD/HFNL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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18
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Bourikas K, Kordulis C, Lycourghiotis A. Titanium Dioxide (Anatase and Rutile): Surface Chemistry, Liquid–Solid Interface Chemistry, and Scientific Synthesis of Supported Catalysts. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9754-823. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300230q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Bourikas
- School
of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Tsamadou
13-15, GR-26222 Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Kordulis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and High-Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE-HT), P.O. Box 1414, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
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Hassanali AA, Cuny J, Verdolino V, Parrinello M. Aqueous solutions: state of the art in ab initio molecular dynamics. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:20120482. [PMID: 24516179 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The simulation of liquids by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) has been a subject of intense activity over the last two decades. The significant increase in computational resources as well as the development of new and efficient algorithms has elevated this method to the status of a standard quantum mechanical tool that is used by both experimentalists and theoreticians. As AIMD computes the electronic structure from first principles, it is free of ad hoc parametrizations and has thus been applied to a large variety of physical and chemical problems. In particular, AIMD has provided microscopic insight into the structural and dynamical properties of aqueous solutions which are often challenging to probe experimentally. In this review, after a brief theoretical description of the Born-Oppenheimer and Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics formalisms, we show how AIMD has enhanced our understanding of the properties of liquid water and its constituent ions: the proton and the hydroxide ion. Thereafter, a broad overview of the application of AIMD to other aqueous systems, such as solvated organic molecules and inorganic ions, is presented. We also briefly describe the latest theoretical developments made in AIMD, such as methods for enhanced sampling and the inclusion of nuclear quantum effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Hassanali
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich and Università della Svizzera Italiana, , via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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20
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Theoretical study of absorption of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium cation (TEMPO) on TiO₂(110) rutile surface. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2149. [PMID: 24567160 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of the adsorption of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium cation (TEMPO) onto the TiO₂(110) surface rutile, investigating its bonding nature, electron properties and structural stability. Based on the results obtained with the PBE0/def2-SVP method, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis suggests a bond order for the O--O bond in complexes 5 and 6, of 0.25 and 0.88, respectively. We also described NBOs for the main interactions of the TiO₂-TEMPO complexes.
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21
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Patel M, Sanches FF, Mallia G, Harrison NM. A quantum mechanical study of water adsorption on the (110) surfaces of rutile SnO2 and TiO2: investigating the effects of intermolecular interactions using hybrid-exchange density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21002-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodic hybrid-exchange DFT is used to explore the structure and properties of SnO2(110) and TiO2(110) surfaces in contact with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Patel
- Thomas Young Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London, UK
| | - F. F. Sanches
- Thomas Young Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London, UK
| | - G. Mallia
- Thomas Young Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London, UK
| | - N. M. Harrison
- Thomas Young Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London, UK
- STFC Daresbury Laboratory
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22
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Kim SY, Kumar N, Persson P, Sofo J, van Duin ACT, Kubicki JD. Development of a ReaxFF reactive force field for titanium dioxide/water systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7838-7846. [PMID: 23687907 DOI: 10.1021/la4006983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new ReaxFF reactive force field has been developed to describe reactions in the Ti-O-H system. The ReaxFF force field parameters have been fitted to a quantum mechanical (QM) training set containing structures and energies related to bond dissociation energies, angle and dihedral distortions, and reactions between water and titanium dioxide, as well as experimental crystal structures, heats of formation, and bulk modulus data. Model configurations for the training set were based on DFT calculations on molecular clusters and periodic systems (both bulk crystals and surfaces). ReaxFF reproduces accurately the QM training set for structures and energetics of small clusters. ReaxFF also describes the relative energetics for rutile, brookite, and anatase. The results of ReaxFF match reasonably well with those of QM for water binding energies, surface energies, and H2O dissociation energy barriers. To validate this ReaxFF description, we have compared its performance against DFT/MD simulations for 1 and 3 monolayers of water interacting with a rutile (110) surface. We found agreement within a 10% error between the DFT/MD and ReaxFF water dissociation levels for both coverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yup Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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23
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Wu C, Chen M, Skelton AA, Cummings PT, Zheng T. Adsorption of arginine-glycine-aspartate tripeptide onto negatively charged rutile (110) mediated by cations: the effect of surface hydroxylation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2567-2579. [PMID: 23461392 DOI: 10.1021/am3031568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the adsorption behaviors of arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) tripeptide onto the negatively charged hydroxylated/nonhydroxylated rutile (110) surfaces, mediated by biologically important cations (Na+ or Ca2+). The simulation results indicate that the inherent nature of the cation determines its binding strength, thereby regulating the adsorption geometry of the peptide. The sparse hydroxyl groups on the nonhydroxylated rutile diminish the probability of H-bond formation between RGD and the surface, resulting in an early desorption of the peptide even with a mediating Na+ ion. In contrast, the negatively charged aspartate (Asp) side chain is bridged to the negatively charged hydroxylated rutile by an inner-sphere Na+ ion, in coordination with the Asp-rutile hydrogen bonds at the anchoring sites. The inner- and outer-sphere Ca2+ ions are demonstrated to be capable of "trapping" RGD on both hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated rutile, in the absence of hydrogen bonds with the surface. The strongly bound inner-sphere mediating Ca2+ ion exerts a "gluing" effect on the Asp side chain, producing a tightly packed RGD-rutile complex, whereas a less localized distribution density of the outer-sphere mediating Ca2+ ion results in a higher mobility of the Asp side chain. The intramolecular interaction is suggested to facilitate the structural stability of RGD adsorbed on the negative rutile in a "horseshoe" configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Wu
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 413, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
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24
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Hong F, Ni YH, Xu WJ, Yan Y. Origin of enhanced water adsorption at ⟨11¯0⟩ step edge on rutile TiO2(110) surface. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:114707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4753951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Sorescu DC, Lee J, Al-Saidi WA, Jordan KD. Coadsorption properties of CO2 and H2O on TiO2 rutile (110): A dispersion-corrected DFT study. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:074704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4739088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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He T, Li JL, Yang GW. Physical origin of general oscillation of structure, surface energy, and electronic property in rutile TiO2 nanoslab. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:2192-2198. [PMID: 22468756 DOI: 10.1021/am300193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Titanium oxide (TiO(2)) nanostructures have been attracting consistent focus in the past few years because of their enhanced power in solar-energy conversion. Surface and interface play a crucial role in the determination of thermodynamic stability and electronic structure of TiO(2) nanostructures. The rutile (110) nanoslab (NS) has been used as a common subject to investigate the surface relaxation, defect characters, molecule adsorption, and chemically dynamic reaction of TiO(2) nanostructures. Up to date, a long-time standing issue in TiO(2) NS, i.e., the general oscillation of structure, surface energy and electronic property with changing of NS thickness, has not been clear. We have presented a comprehensive investigation on the relationship between surface and oscillation behavior in the TiO(2) (110) NS by the first-principles calculations accompanied with the wave function analysis. We clearly, for the first time, pointed out that the dipoles and surface states bonding induced by the surface-surface interactions are the physical origin of general oscillations in the TiO(2) (110) NS. Our findings not only have a new insight into the basic interactions between surfaces in TiO(2) nanostructures, but also provide useful information for tuning the photocatalytic and photovoltaic properties by surface design.
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Affiliation(s)
- T He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Institute of Optoelectronic and Functional Composite Materials, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P R China
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27
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Kimmel GA, Baer M, Petrik NG, VandeVondele J, Rousseau R, Mundy CJ. Polarization- and Azimuth-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Water on TiO2(110): Anisotropy and the Hydrogen-Bonding Network. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:778-84. [PMID: 26286290 DOI: 10.1021/jz3001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the structure and dynamics of thin water films adsorbed on TiO2(110) using infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and ab initio molecular dynamics. Infrared spectra were obtained for s- and p-polarized light with the plane of incidence parallel to the [001] and [11̅0] azimuths for water coverages ≤ 4 monolayers. The spectra indicate strong anisotropy in the water films. The vibrational densities of states predicted by the ab initio simulations for 1 and 2 monolayer coverages agree well with the observations. The results provide new insight into the structure of water on TiO2(110) and resolve a long-standing puzzle regarding the hydrogen bonding between molecules in the first and second monolayers on this surface. The results also demonstrate the capabilities of polarization- and azimuth-resolved IRAS for investigating the structure and dynamics of adsorbates on dielectric substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Kimmel
- †Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Marcel Baer
- †Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nikolay G Petrik
- †Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Joost VandeVondele
- ‡Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Rousseau
- †Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- †Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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28
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Griffith MJ, James M, Triani G, Wagner P, Wallace GG, Officer DL. Determining the orientation and molecular packing of organic dyes on a TiO2 surface using X-ray reflectometry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:12944-12950. [PMID: 21895006 DOI: 10.1021/la202598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The determination of the orientation and molecular density for several porphyrin dyes adsorbed on planar TiO(2) surfaces using X-ray reflectometry (XRR) is reported. Adsorption of nanoscale water layers occurred rapidly upon exposure of freshly prepared TiO(2) surfaces to ambient conditions; however, this was successfully eliminated, resulting in clearly discernible adsorbed dye layers for sensitized surfaces. Adsorbed dye orientations, determined from computations constrained by the measured dye layer thickness, were calculated to have a binding tilt angle of 35°-40°. Combining the XXR data with the orientation models indicates that the porphyrins form densely packed surfaces with an intermolecular spacing of 3-4 Å, consistent with π-π stacking interactions. Changes in the molecular size of probe dyes were reflected in corresponding changes in the measured dye layer thickness, confirming the ability of this technique to resolve small variations in dye layer thickness and consequently adsorption orientation. Application of these results to understanding the behavior of dye-sensitized devices is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Griffith
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
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29
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Hu XL, Carrasco J, Klimeš J, Michaelides A. Trends in water monomer adsorption and dissociation on flat insulating surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:12447-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20846b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Kamarianakis G, Tsevis A, Spanos N. Physicochemical study of the ‘anatase/electrolyte solution’ interface in suspension and closely packed particles of the solid. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Cheng J, Sprik M. Acidity of the Aqueous Rutile TiO2(110) Surface from Density Functional Theory Based Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:880-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100013q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Michiel Sprik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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32
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Sun C, Liu LM, Selloni A, Lu GQ(M, Smith SC. Titania-water interactions: a review of theoretical studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Liu P, Duan W, Liang W, Li X. Thermokinetic studies of the groups on TiO2surface. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Interaction of biomolecular systems with titanium-based materials: computational investigations. Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Panagiotou GD, Petsi T, Bourikas K, Garoufalis CS, Tsevis A, Spanos N, Kordulis C, Lycourghiotis A. Mapping the surface (hydr)oxo-groups of titanium oxide and its interface with an aqueous solution: the state of the art and a new approach. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 142:20-42. [PMID: 18511015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this article the "titanium oxide/electrolyte solution" interface is studied by taking in advantage the recent developments in the field of Surface and Interface Chemistry relevant to this oxide. Ab-initio calculations were performed in the frame of the DFT theory for estimating the charge of the titanium and oxygen atoms exposed on the anatase (1 0 1), (1 0 0), (0 0 1), (1 0 3)(f) and rutile (1 1 0) crystal faces. These orientations have smaller surface energy with respect to other ones and thus it is more probable to be the real terminations of the anatase and rutile nanocrystallites in the titania polycrystalline powders. Potentiometric titrations for obtaining "fine structured" titration curves as well as microelectrophoresis and streaming potential measurements have been performed. On the basis of ab-initio calculations, and taking into account the relative contribution of each crystal face to the whole surface of the nanocrystals involved in the titania aggregates of a suspension, the three most probable surface ionization models have been derived. These models and the Music model are then tested in conjunction with the "Stern-Gouy-Chapman" and "Basic Stern" electrostatic models. The finally selected surface ionization model (model A) in combination with each one of the two electrostatic models describes very well the protonation/deprotonation behavior of titania. The description is also very good if this model is combined with the Three Plane (TP) model. The application of the "A/(TP)" model allowed mapping the surface (hydr)oxo-groups [TiO(H) and Ti(2)O(H)] of titania exposed in aqueous solutions. At pH>pzc almost all terminal oxygens [TiO] are non-protonated whereas even at low pH values the non-protonated terminal oxygens predominate. The acid-base behavior of the bridging oxygens [Ti(2)O] is different. Thus, even at pH=10 the greater portion of them is protonated. The application of the "A/TP" model in conjunction with potentiometric titrations, microelectrophoresis and streaming potential experiments allowed mapping the "titania/electrolyte solution" interface. It was found that the first (second) charged plane is located on the oxygen atoms of the first (second) water overlayer at a distance of 1.7 (3.4) A from the surface. The region between the surface and the second plane is the compact layer. The region between the second plane and the shear plane is the stagnant diffuse part of the interface, with an ionic strength dependent width, ranging from 20 (0.01 M) up to 4 A (0.3 M). The region between the shear plane and the bulk solution is the mobile diffuse part, with an ionic strength dependent width, ranging from 10 (0.01 M) up to 2 A (0.3 M). At I>0.017 M the mean concentration of the counter ions is higher in the stagnant than in the mobile part of the diffuse layer. For a given I, removal of pH from pzc brings about an increase of the mean concentration in the interfacial region and a displacement of the counter ions from the mobile to the stagnant part of the diffuse layer. The mean concentration of the counter ions in the compact layer is generally lower than the corresponding ones in the stagnant and mobile diffuse layers. The mobility of the counter ions in the stagnant layer decreases as pH draws away from pzc or ionic strength increases.
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36
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Hennessy DC, Pierce M, Chang KC, Takakusagi S, You H, Uosaki K. Hydrophilicity transition of the clean rutile TiO2 (110) surface. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Zhang W, Yang J, Luo Y, Monti S, Carravetta V. Quantum molecular dynamics study of water on TiO2(110) surface. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:064703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2955452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Lane CD, Petrik NG, Orlando TM, Kimmel GA. Site-dependent electron-stimulated reactions in water films on TiO2(110). J Chem Phys 2007; 127:224706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2804767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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39
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Petrik NG, Kimmel GA. Hydrogen bonding, H-D exchange, and molecular mobility in thin water films on TiO2(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:196103. [PMID: 18233087 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.196103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding, H-D exchange, and molecular mixing in water films on TiO2(110) have been studied using water electron-stimulated desorption. For T<70 K, films with different water isotopes adsorbed on the Ti4+ and bridging oxygen rows can be prepared. For T>70 K, H-D and molecular exchange between these "layers" occur with a distribution of activation energies and is surprisingly efficient. The results demonstrate that all the water molecules that are directly bound to TiO2(110) -- i.e., in the first and second monolayers -- are also hydrogen bonded to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay G Petrik
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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40
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Mattioli G, Filippone F, Amore Bonapasta A. Reaction intermediates in the photoreduction of oxygen molecules at the (101) TiO2 (anatase) surface. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:13772-80. [PMID: 17044705 DOI: 10.1021/ja062145x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of intermediates of the O(2) photoreduction at the (101) TiO(2) (anatase) surface have been investigated by performing ab initio density functional calculations. In detail, a recently proposed approach has been used where molecules on the surface are treated like surface defects. Thus, by applying theoretical methods generally used in the physics of semiconductors, we successfully estimate the location and donor/acceptor character of the electronic levels induced by an adsorbed molecule in the TiO(2) energy gap, both crucial for the surface-molecule charge-transfer processes, and investigate the formation and the properties of charged intermediates. The present approach permits a view of the O(2) photoreduction process through several facets, which elucidates the molecule-surface charge-transfer conditions and reveals the key role played by charged intermediates. A comparison of present results with those of a highly sensitive IR (infrared) spectroscopy study of intermediates of the O(2) photoreduction leads to a deeper understanding of this process and to revised vibrational-line assignments and reaction paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mattioli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29.5, CP 10, I-00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
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41
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Kajita S, Minato T, Kato HS, Kawai M, Nakayama T. First-principles calculations of hydrogen diffusion on rutile TiO2(110) surfaces. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:104709. [PMID: 17867771 DOI: 10.1063/1.2768951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional calculations are performed to study the H-atom diffusion on titanium dioxide (110) surface in the cases of water-molecule dissociation and splitting of the adjacent hydroxyl OH pair. It is shown that, when a water molecule is adsorbed at a surface oxygen-vacancy site, a fragment H atom of the water molecule tends to diffuse toward the nearest-neighboring bridging-oxygen sites by using a straight-line or relay-point path. As the result, a pair of surface hydroxyl OH is formed on the same oxygen row. In a thermal process, on the other hand, such OH pair favorably splits only by using a relay-point path, i.e., by transferring one H atom from a bridging-oxygen site to a next-neighboring one along the same oxygen row by way of another in-plane oxygen site. We found that the latter splitting reaction is activated around room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kajita
- Surface Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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42
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Skelton AA, Walsh TR. Interaction of liquid water with the rutile TiO2(110) surface. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/17441690701191693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Dominguez H, Goicochea AG, Mendoza N, Alejandre J. Computer simulations of surfactant monolayers at solid walls. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 297:370-3. [PMID: 16289187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of molecular dynamics simulations to study the structure of a surfactant monolayer near real surfaces was carried out. A comparison of two different surfaces, TiO2 and SiO2, with the same monolayer was performed. Moreover, each surface was modeled by two different approaches, the first model considers the complete structure of a TiO2 (or SiO2) wall, whereas the second model is a continuous solid wall with an effective potential. Both wall models give essentially the same monolayer configuration suggesting that the explicit form of the wall does not play a relevant role to study the structure of surfactant monolayers close to planar surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Dominguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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44
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Allegretti F, O'Brien S, Polcik M, Sayago DI, Woodruff DP. Adsorption bond length for H2O on TiO2(110): a key parameter for theoretical understanding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:226104. [PMID: 16384241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.226104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Scanned-energy mode photoelectron diffraction results show the adsorption site of molecular water on TiO2(110) to be atop under-coordinated surface Ti atoms, confirming the results of total energy calculations and STM imaging. However, the Ti-O(water) bond length is 2.21 +/- 0.02 A, much longer than Ti-O bond lengths in strongly chemisorbed species on this surface, but significantly shorter than found in most total energy calculations. The need for theory to describe this weak bond effectively may be a key factor in the controversial problem of understanding this important surface reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Allegretti
- Physics Department, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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45
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Fitts JP, Machesky ML, Wesolowski DJ, Shang X, Kubicki JD, Flynn GW, Heinz TF, Eisenthal KB. Second-harmonic generation and theoretical studies of protonation at the water/α-TiO2 (110) interface. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Lindan PJD, Zhang C. Comment on "molecular chemisorption as the theoretically preferred pathway for water adsorption on ideal rutile TiO2(110)". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:029601. [PMID: 16090717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.029601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J D Lindan
- School of Physical Sciences University of Kent Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The interaction between silica surface and water is an important topic in geophysics and materials science, yet little is known about the reaction process. In this study we use first-principles molecular dynamics to simulate the hydrolysis process of silica surface using large cluster models. We find that a single water molecule is stable near the surface but can easily dissociate at three-coordinated silicon atom defect sites in the presence of other water molecules. These extra molecules provide a mechanism for hydrogen transfer from the original water molecule, hence catalyzing the reaction. The two-coordinated silicon atom is inert to the water molecule, and water clusters up to pentamer could be stably adsorbed at this site at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ma
- Laboratory of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1100, Helsinki 02015, Finland.
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48
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Tilocca A, Selloni A. Vertical and lateral order in adsorbed water layers on anatase TiO2(101). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:8379-84. [PMID: 15350117 DOI: 10.1021/la048937r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The structure and energetics of thin water overlayers on the (101) surface of TiO(2)-anatase have been studied through first-principles molecular dynamics simulations at T = 160 K. At one monolayer coverage, H(2)O molecules are adsorbed at the 5-fold Ti sites (Ti(5c)), forming an ordered crystal-like 2D layer with no significant water-water interactions. For an adsorbed bilayer, H(2)O molecules at both Ti(5c) and bridging oxygen (O(2c)) sites form a partially ordered structure, where the water oxygens occupy regular sites but the orientation of the molecules is disordered; in addition, stress-relieving defects are usually present. When a third layer is adsorbed, very limited parallel and perpendicular order is observed above the first bilayer. The calculated energetics of multilayer adsorption is in good agreement with recent temperature-programmed desorption data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tilocca
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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49
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Kornherr A, Vogtenhuber D, Ruckenbauer M, Podloucky R, Zifferer G. Multilayer adsorption of water at a rutile TiO2(110) surface: Towards a realistic modeling by molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:3722-6. [PMID: 15303939 DOI: 10.1063/1.1772752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a model combining ab initio concepts and molecular dynamics simulations for a more realistic treatment of complex adsorption processes. The energy, distance, and orientation of water molecules adsorbed on stoichiometric and reduced rutile TiO(2)(110) surfaces at 140 K are studied via constant temperature molecular dynamics simulations. From ab initio calculations relaxed atomic geometries for the surface and the most probable adsorption sites were derived. The study comprises (i) large two-dimensional surface supercells, providing a realistically low concentration of surface oxygen defects, and (ii) a water coverage sufficiently large to model the onset of the growth of a bulk phase of water on the surface. By our combined approach the influence of both, the metal oxide surface, below, and the bulk water phase, above, on the water molecules forming the interface between the TiO(2) surface and the water bulk layer is taken into account. The good agreement of calculated adsorption energies with experimental temperature programmed desorption spectra demonstrates the validity of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kornherr
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
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50
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Zhang C, Lindan PJD. A density functional theory study of the coadsorption of water and oxygen on TiO2(110). J Chem Phys 2004; 121:3811-5. [PMID: 15303949 DOI: 10.1063/1.1775784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of adsorbed water on oxides is of fundamental interest in many areas. Despite considerable attention received recently, our understanding of water chemistry is still short of needs and expectations, particularly on the topic of the coadsorption of water and other species. In this study we carry out density functional theory calculations to investigate the coadsorption of water and oxygen on the TiO(2)(110) surface. We show that oxygen exerts profound influences on the water adsorption, altering the mechanism of water dissociation. On the one hand, the possible dissociation route along [-110] is prohibited due to the weakening of the H bond between water and the lattice bridging oxygen in the presence of the coadsorbed oxygen, and on the other hand the coadsorbed oxygen induces dissociation along [001]. These results lead to a consistent interpretation of experiments. Furthermore, several possible final states and the related formation mechanisms are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Zhang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom
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