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Lucci E, Giarrusso S, Gigli G, Ciccioli A. The AuSc, AuTi, and AuFe molecules: determination of the bond energies by Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry experiments combined with ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:084303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The AuTi gaseous molecule was for the first time identified in vapors produced at high temperature from a gold-titanium alloy. The homogeneous equilibria AuTi(g) = Au(g) + Ti(g) (direct dissociation) and AuTi(g) + Au(g) = Au2(g) + Ti(g) (isomolecular exchange) were studied by Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) in the temperature range 2111 -2229 K. The so determined equilibrium constants were treated by the "third-law method" of thermodynamic analysis, integrated with theoretical calculations, and the dissociation energy at 0 K was derived as (AuTi) = 241.0 {plus minus} 5.2 kJ/mol. A similar investigation was carried out for the AuSc and AuFe species, whose dissociation energies were previously reported with large uncertainties. The direct dissociation and the isomolecular exchange with the Au2 dimer were studied in the 1969-2274 and 1842-2092 K ranges for AuSc and AuFe, respectively, and the dissociation energies derived as (AuSc) = 240.4 {plus minus} 6.0 and (AuFe) = 186.2 {plus minus} 4.2 kJ/mol. The experimental bond energies are compared with those calculated here by CCSD(T) with the correlation-consistent basis sets cc-pVXZ(-PP) and cc-pwCVXZ(-PP) (with X = T,Q,5), also in the limit of complete basis set, and with those from CASSCF-MRCI calculations, recently available in the literature. The stronger bond of AuTi compared to AuFe parallels the trend observed in monochlorides. This analogy is shown to be more generally observed in the AuM and MCl diatomic series (with M = first-row transition metal), in accordance with a picture of "pseudo-halogen" bonding behaviour of gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucci
- University of Rome La Sapienza Department of Chemistry, Italy
| | - Sara Giarrusso
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, United States of America
| | - Guido Gigli
- University of Rome La Sapienza Department of Chemistry, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciccioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Rome La Sapienza Department of Chemistry, Italy
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Galindo-Uribe CD, Calaminici P, Cruz-Martínez H, Cruz-Olvera D, Solorza-Feria O. First-principle study of the structures, growth pattern, and properties of (Pt 3Cu) n, n = 1-9, clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:154302. [PMID: 33887945 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a first-principles systematic study of (Pt3Cu)n, n = 1-9, clusters was performed employing the linear combination of Gaussian-type orbital auxiliary density functional theory approach. The growth of the clusters has been achieved by increasing the previous cluster by one Pt3Cu unit at a time. To explore in detail the potential energy surface of these clusters, initial structures were obtained from Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics trajectories generated at different temperatures and spin multiplicities. For each cluster size, several dozens of structures were optimized without any constraints. The most stable structures were characterized by frequency analysis calculations. This study demonstrates that the obtained most stable structures prefer low spin multiplicities. To gain insight into the growing pattern of these systems, average bond lengths were calculated for the lowest stable structures. This work reveals that the Cu atoms prefer to be together and to localize inside the cluster structures. Moreover, these systems tend to form octahedra moieties in the size range of n going from 4 to 9 Pt3Cu units. Magnetic moment per atom and spin density plots were obtained for the neutral, cationic, and anionic ground state structures. Dissociation energies, ionization potential, and electron affinity were calculated, too. The dissociation energy and the electron affinity increase as the number of Pt3Cu units grows, whereas the ionization potential decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Daniel Galindo-Uribe
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Cruz-Martínez
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Domingo Cruz-Olvera
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Solorza-Feria
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
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Alizadeh Sanati D, Andrae D. Low-lying electronic terms of diatomic molecules AB ( A = Sc–Ni, B = Cu/Ag/Au). Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1772514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Alizadeh Sanati
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Andrae
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Coinage metal diatomic molecules are building blocks for nanostructured materials, electronic devices, and catalytically or photochemically active systems that are currently receiving lively interest in both fundamental and applied research. The theoretical study presented here elucidates the electronic structure in the ground and several low-lying excited states of the diatomic molecule CuAu that result from the combination of the atoms in their ground states nd(10)(n + 1)s(1 2)S and lowest excited d-hole states nd(9)(n + 1)s(2 2)D (n = 3 for Cu, n = 5 for Au). Full and smooth potential energy curves, obtained at the multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) level of theory, are presented for the complete set of the thus resulting 44 Λ-S terms and 86 Ω terms. Our approach is based on a scalar relativistic description using the Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH) Hamiltonian, with subsequent perturbative inclusion of spin-orbit (SO) coupling via the spin-orbit terms of the Breit-Pauli (BP) Hamiltonian. The Ω terms span an energy interval of about 7 eV at the ground state's equilibrium distance. Spectroscopic constants, calculated for all terms, are shown to accurately reproduce the observation for those nine terms that are experimentally known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Alizadeh Sanati
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran , 14176 Tehran, Iran.,Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Andrae
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Posada-Borbón A, Posada-Amarillas A. Theoretical DFT study of homonuclear and binary transition-metal dimers. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aydin M, Lombardi JR. Resonant Multiphoton Fragmentation Spectrum of Niobium Dimer Cation. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2809-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809089y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Analysis of Structures and Interfaces (CASI), The City College of New York (CCNY), New York, New York 10031
| | - John R. Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Analysis of Structures and Interfaces (CASI), The City College of New York (CCNY), New York, New York 10031
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Rothschopf GK, Morse MD. Monoligated Monovalent Ni: the 3dNi9 Manifold of States of NiCu and Comparison to the 3d9 States of AlNi, NiH, NiCl, and NiF. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:11358-64. [PMID: 16354022 DOI: 10.1021/jp053022m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A dispersed fluorescence investigation of the low-lying electronic states of NiCu has allowed the observation of four out of the five states that derive from the 3d(Ni)9 3d(Cu)10 sigma2 manifold. Vibrational levels of the ground X2delta(5/2) state corresponding to v = 0-11 are observed and are fit to provide omega(e) = 275.93 +/- 1.06 cm(-1) and omega(e)x(e) = 1.44 +/- 0.11 cm(-1). The v = 0 levels of the higher lying states deriving from the 3d(Ni)9 3d(Cu)10 sigma2 manifold are located at 912, 1466, and 1734 cm(-1), and these states are assigned to omega values of 3/2, 1/2, and 3/2, respectively. The last of these assignments is based on selection rules and is unequivocal; the first two are based on a comparison to ab initio and ligand field calculations and could conceivably be in error. It is also possible that the v = 0 level of the state found at 912 cm(-1) is not observed, so that T0 for the lowest excited state actually lies near 658 cm(-1). These results are modeled using a matrix Hamiltonian based on the existence of a ground manifold of states deriving from the 3d9 configuration on nickel. This matrix Hamiltonian is also applied to the spectroscopically well-known molecules AlNi, NiH, NiCl, and NiF. The term energies of the 2sigma+, 2pi, and 2delta states of these molecules, which all derive from a 3d9 configuration on the nickel atom, display a clear and understandable trend as a function of the electronegativity of the ligands.
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Abe M, Mori S, Nakajima T, Hirao K. Electronic structures of PtCu, PtAg, and PtAu molecules: a Dirac four-component relativistic study. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yuan DW, Wang Y, Zeng Z. Geometric, electronic, and bonding properties of AuNM (N=1–7, M=Ni, Pd, Pt) clusters. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:114310. [PMID: 15836218 DOI: 10.1063/1.1862239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing first-principles methods, based on density functional theory, we report the ground state geometric and electronic structures of gold clusters doped with platinum group atoms, Au(N)M (N = 1-7, M = Ni, Pd, Pt). The stability and electronic properties of Ni-doped gold clusters are similar to that of pure gold clusters with an enhancement of bond strength. Due to the strong d-d or s-d interplay between impurities and gold atoms originating in the relativistic effects and unique properties of dopant delocalized s-electrons in Pd- and Pt-doped gold clusters, the dopant atoms markedly change the geometric and electronic properties of gold clusters, and stronger bond energies are found in Pt-doped clusters. The Mulliken populations analysis of impurities and detailed decompositions of bond energies as well as a variety of density of states of the most stable dopant gold clusters are given to understand the different effects of individual dopant atom on bonding and electronic properties of dopant gold clusters. From the electronic properties of dopant gold clusters, the different chemical reactivity toward O(2), CO, or NO molecule is predicted in transition metal-doped gold clusters compared to pure gold clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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