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Wang S, Wang J, Huang Q, Zheng X, Yao Z, Xiang S, Ling Q, Lin Z. Greatness in Simplicity: Efficient Red Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Simple Halogenated Maleimides with a 2D Layered Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14703-14711. [PMID: 35290015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, two maleimide derivatives substituted by Br (DBM) and I (DIM) with a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure are found to have highly efficient red room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) at 660 nm in solid state, which is independent of their morphology (crystal, powder, and film). The red RTP of DBM and DIM is closely related to the synergism of nπ-ct-π* transitions and the 2D halogen-bonded network. Interestingly, the red RTP can be excited by visible light of 500 nm, which should be ascribed to the forbidden absorption from the ground state to the triplet state activated in the layered halogen-bonded framework. Due to the rich intermolecular interactions in the rigid layered structure, the red RTP of DBM is very stable under water or external force stimulation. Notably, Hg(II) and Cd(II) ions in a pure aqueous solution result in an opposite change in the RTP intensity of the DBM film. The detection limit of Hg(II) ion is as low as 2.5 × 10-5 nM, lesser than all reported values. The above results not only provide a new idea for the design of simple and efficient red RTP materials but also make it possible to develop solid-state phosphorescent probes for toxic heavy metal ions in environmental sewage with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Qiuqin Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zizhu Yao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shengchang Xiang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhenghuan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Malde R, Parkes MA, Staniforth M, Woolley JM, Stavros VG, Chudasama V, Fielding HH, Baker JR. Intramolecular thiomaleimide [2 + 2] photocycloadditions: stereoselective control for disulfide stapling and observation of excited state intermediates by transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2909-2918. [PMID: 35382459 PMCID: PMC8905992 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06804k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiomaleimides undergo efficient intermolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reactions and offer applications from photochemical peptide stapling to polymer crosslinking; however, the reactions are limited to the formation of the exo head-to-head isomers. Herein, we present an intramolecular variation which completely reverses the stereochemical outcome of this photoreaction, quantitatively generating endo adducts which minimise the structural disturbance of the disulfide staple and afford a 10-fold increase in quantum yield. We demonstrate the application of this reaction on a protein scaffold, using light to confer thiol stability to an antibody fragment conjugate. To understand more about this intriguing class of [2 + 2] photocycloadditions, we have used transient absorption spectroscopy (electronic and vibrational) to study the excited states involved. The initially formed S2 (π1π*) excited state is observed to decay to the S1 (n1π*) state before intersystem crossing to a triplet state. An accelerated intramolecular C–C bond formation provides evidence to explain the increased efficiency of the reaction, and the impact of the various excited states on the carbonyl vibrational modes is discussed. Tethered bromomaleimides are described which undergo thiol conjugation and rapid regio- and stereoselective photocycloadditions to serve as disulfide staples; with the excited state intermediates observed by transient absorption spectroscopies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Malde
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Michael A. Parkes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Michael Staniforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Helen H. Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - James R. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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3
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Lehr A, Gómez S, Parkes MA, Worth GA. The role of vibronic coupling in the electronic spectroscopy of maleimide: a multi-mode and multi-state quantum dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25272-25283. [PMID: 33135692 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04514d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first two excitation bands below 7 eV in the electronic absorption spectrum of maleimide are investigated using a model Hamiltonian including four low-lying singlet excited states within the manifold of 24 vibrational modes. The role of non-adiabatic effects is studied and shines light on both the broad, inter-state coupling-dominated spectral band as well as the fine-structured, not-so-strong coupled band. Calculations have been performed using the Multiconfigurational Time-Dependent Hartree (MCTDH) wavepacket propagation method as well as its multilayer version (ML-MCTDH) using a quadratic vibronic coupling (QVC) Hamiltonian model where parameters are obtained from fitting adiabatic potential energy surfaces computed by ab initio methods. The quantum dynamics calculations provide information on the relaxation dynamics and the vibrational modes involved. Already with a low-order vibronic coupling model and only a few modes being considered, a quantitative agreement with the experimental spectrum is obtained. However, it is found that all modes need to be considered to get a full picture of the photo-excited relaxation dynamics of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lehr
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sandra Gómez
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Michael A Parkes
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Graham A Worth
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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4
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Klinting EL, Christiansen O, König C. Toward Accurate Theoretical Vibrational Spectra: A Case Study for Maleimide. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2616-2627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ove Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Carolin König
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Straße 1, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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5
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Cortes Hernandez HF, Castro M. Effects of the charge on the structural, electronic and reactivity properties of 43 substituted N–Phenylmaleimides. A DFT study. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tang J, Yue JJ, Tao FF, Grampp G, Wang BX, Li F, Liang XZ, Shen YM, Xu JH. A Three-Component Reaction by Photoinduced Electron Transfer Mechanism with N-Protected Pyrroles as Neutral Carbon Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7572-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5013114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and
Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Jia-Jun Yue
- Institute
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fei-Fei Tao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Guenter Grampp
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse
9/Z2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bing-Xiang Wang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and
Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Fang Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xue-Zheng Liang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yong-Miao Shen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Institute
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Zheng Z, Zhao Y, Nakazono M, Nanbu S. Theoretical study of photo-physical properties of indolylmaleimide derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3017-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22946c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Lin Z, Chen HC, Sun SS, Hsu CP, Chow TJ. Bifunctional maleimide dyes as selective anion sensors. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Interference in acetylene intersystem crossing acts as the molecular analog of Young's double-slit experiment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:2510-4. [PMID: 19179288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0809159106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on an experimental approach that reveals crucial details of the composition of singlet-triplet mixed eigenstates in acetylene. Intersystem crossing in this prototypical polyatomic molecule embodies the mixing of the lowest excited singlet state (S(1)) with 3 triplet states (T(1), T(2), and T(3)). Using high-energy (157-nm) photons from an F(2) laser to record excited-state photoelectron spectra, we have decomposed the mixed eigenstates into their S(1), T(3), T(2), and T(1) constituent parts. One example of the interpretive power that ensues from the selective sensitivity of the experiment to the individual electronic state characters is the discovery and examination of destructive interference between two doorway-mediated intersystem crossing pathways. This observation of an interference effect in nonradiative decay opens up possibilities for rational coherent control over molecular excited state dynamics.
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Karabacak M, Çoruh A, Kurt M. FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR spectra, and molecular structure investigation of 2,3-dibromo-N-methylmaleimide: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Aguiar EC, da Silva JBP, Ramos MN. Theoretical calculations of the molecular properties of maleimide and its dimer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 71:5-9. [PMID: 18162434 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
B3LYP theoretical calculations with 6-31++G(d,p) basis set have been performed to study the infrared spectrum of maleimide and its dimer. Our calculations have shown that the dimer formation leads to a binding energy of 44.0 kJ mol(-1) involving two intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the amide hydrogen and a carbonyl group of two neighboring maleimides. This value is essentially due to the electrostatic interaction term. Our calculations have also revealed the vibrational changes, in terms of frequencies and IR intensities, after dimer formation. The most affected modes are associated with the N-H stretching and in-plane bending bands. This behavior can be adequately interpreted by the hydrogen atomic charge and N-H charge-flux based on the modified charge-charge flux-overlap model for infrared intensities. The B3LYP frequency shifts are in very good agreement with the experimental ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C Aguiar
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-540 Recife PE, Brazil
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12
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Huang YP, Tsai SH, Huang DF, Tsai TS, Chow TJ. Polymers containing bis(indolyl)maleimides and aminophenylsuccinimides as electroluminescent materials: Solvatochromic properties and the effect of blending toward white light emission. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Davies DME, Murray C, Berry M, Orr-Ewing AJ, Booker-Milburn KI. Reaction Optimization and Mechanism in Maleimide [5 + 2] Photocycloaddition: A Dual Approach Using Tunable UV Lasers and Time-Dependent DFT. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1449-57. [PMID: 17253755 DOI: 10.1021/jo062316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth study of the intramolecular [5 + 2] photocycloaddition of maleimides using tunable UV lasers has demonstrated that the peak in quantum yield and rate both occur at wavelengths some 50 nm red shifted from the maxima observed in the UV spectra. A detailed explanation for these findings using time-dependent DFT calculations is presented, and the implications for a previously adopted mechanism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M E Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 1TS
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15
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Kaletas BK, Joshi HC, van der Zwan G, Fanti M, Zerbetto F, Goubitz K, De Cola L, König B, Williams RM. Asymmetric Indolylmaleimide Derivatives and Their Complexation with Zinc(II)−Cyclen. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:9443-55. [PMID: 16866393 DOI: 10.1021/jp054651z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of two asymmetric indolylmaleimide derivatives, 4-bromo-3-(1'H-indol-3'-yl)maleimide and 4-methyl-3-(1'H-indol-3'-yl)maleimide, are investigated. The bromo derivative was crystallized and its X-ray structure was determined. Both compounds are strongly colored while their separate components (indole and maleimide) absorb in the UV region only. To understand the ground- and excited-state behavior, the photophysical properties of the two compounds were studied in detail by steady state and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy. Their solvatochromic behavior was investigated by using the Kamlet-Taft approach, which indicates some charge transfer (CT) character in the excited state. Nano- and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was used for the identification and investigation of the CT state. Furthermore, the effect of the complexation with zinc(II) 1,4,7,11-tetraazacyclododecane (Zn-cyclen) on the photophysical properties of these two compounds was studied. An enhancement of the fluorescence intensity upon self-assembly (up to 90 times) and high association constants were observed, which illustrate the potential use of these compounds as luminescent sensors. DFT calculations indicate that HOMO-1 to LUMO excitation is mainly responsible for the charge transfer character and that this transition changes its character drastically when Zn-cyclen complexation occurs, thus giving it sensor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Kükrer Kaletas
- Molecular Photonic Materials, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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