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Ranjan P, Saptal VB, Bera JK. Recent Advances in Carbon Dioxide Adsorption, Activation and Hydrogenation to Methanol using Transition Metal Carbides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201183. [PMID: 36036640 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable emission of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) due to the burning of a substantial amount of fossil fuels has led to serious energy and environmental challenges. Metal-based catalytic CO2 transformations into commodity chemicals are a favorable approach in the CO2 mitigation strategy. Among these transformations, selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is the most promising process that not only fulfils the energy demands but also re-balances the carbon cycle. The investigation of CO2 adsorption on the surface of heterogeneous catalyst is highly important because the formation of various intermediates which determines the selectivity of product. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have received considerable attention in recent years because of their noble metal-like reactivity, ceramic-like properties, high chemical and thermal stability. These features make them excellent catalytic materials for a variety of transformations such as CO2 adsorption and its conversion into value-added chemicals. Herein, the catalytic properties of TMCs are summarize along with synthetic methods, CO2 binding modes, mechanistic studies, effects of dopant on CO2 adsorption, and carbon/metal ratio in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol using computational as well as experimental studies. Additionally, this Review provides an outline of the challenges and opportunities for the development of potential TMCs in CO2 hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabodh Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Vitthal B Saptal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Jitendra K Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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Lozano-Reis P, Sayós R, Rodriguez JA, Illas F. Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ni nanoparticles supported on the TiC(001) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26145-26154. [PMID: 33185221 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04884d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metals supported on transition metal carbides are known to exhibit good catalytic activity and selectivity, which is interpreted in terms of electron polarization induced by the support. In the present work we go one step further and investigate the effect that a titanium carbide (TiC) support has on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a series of Ni nanoparticles of increasing size exhibiting a two- or three-dimensional morphology. The obtained results show that three-dimensional nanoparticles are more stable and easier to form than their homologous two-dimensional counterparts. Also, comparison to previous results indicates that, when used as the support, transition metal carbides have a marked different chemical activity with respect to oxides. The analysis of the magnetic moments of the supported nanoparticles evidences a considerable quenching of the magnetic moment that affects mainly the Ni atoms in close contact with the TiC substrate indicating that these atoms are likely to be responsible for the catalytic activity reported for these systems. The analysis of the electronic structure reveals the existence of chemical interactions between the Ni nanoparticles and the TiC support, even if the net charge transfer between both systems is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lozano-Reis
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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Li G, Liu X, Zhao J, Xu B, Wang X. Cyclic M(SO2) (M=Zn, Cd) and its Anions: Matrix Infrared Spectra and DFT Calculations. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/06/747-754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liu X, Wang X, Wang Q, Andrews L. Spontaneous sulfur dioxide activation by Group V metal (V, Nb, Ta) atoms in excess argon at cryogenic temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:9823-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Didziulis SV, Butcher KD. A perspective on the properties and surface reactivities of carbides and nitrides of titanium and vanadium. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rodriguez JA, Liu P, Takahashi Y, Viñes F, Feria L, Florez E, Nakamura K, Illas F. Novel Au–TiC catalysts for CO oxidation and desulfurization processes. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rodriguez JA, Liu P, Takahashi Y, Nakamura K, Viñes F, Illas F. Desulfurization of Thiophene on Au/TiC(001): Au−C Interactions and Charge Polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8595-602. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, and Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, and Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, and Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenichi Nakamura
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, and Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, and Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Illas
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, and Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Dryza V, Gascooke JR, Buntine MA, Metha GF. Onset of carbon–carbon bonding in the Nb5Cy(y = 0–6) clusters: a threshold photo-ionisation and density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:1060-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b813359j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Viñes F, Rodriguez JA, Liu P, Illas F. Catalyst size matters: Tuning the molecular mechanism of the water–gas shift reaction on titanium carbide based compounds. J Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rodriguez J, Liu P, Viñes F, Illas F, Takahashi Y, Nakamura K. Dissociation of SO2on Au/TiC(001): Effects of Au-C Interactions and Charge Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6685-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rodriguez J, Liu P, Viñes F, Illas F, Takahashi Y, Nakamura K. Dissociation of SO2on Au/TiC(001): Effects of Au-C Interactions and Charge Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Liu P, Rodriguez JA. Water-gas-shift reaction on molybdenum carbide surfaces: essential role of the oxycarbide. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:19418-25. [PMID: 17004800 DOI: 10.1021/jp0621629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to investigate the behavior of Mo carbides in the water-gas-shift reaction (WGS, CO + H(2)O --> H(2) +CO(2)). The kinetics of the WGS reaction was studied on the surfaces of Mo-terminated Mo(2)C(001) (Mo-Mo(2)C), C-terminated Mo(2)C(001) (C-Mo(2)C), and Cu(111) as a known active catalyst. Our results show that the WGS activity decreases in a sequence: Cu > C-Mo(2)C > Mo-Mo(2)C. The slow kinetics on C-Mo(2)C and Mo-Mo(2)C is due to the fact that the C or Mo sites bond oxygen too strongly to allow the facile removal of this species. In fact, due to the strong O-Mo and O-C interactions, the carbide surfaces are likely to be covered by O produced from the H(2)O dissociation. It is shown that the O-covered Mo-terminated Mo(2)C(001) (O_Mo-Mo(2)C) surface displays the lowest WGS activity of all. With the Mo oxide in the surface, O_Mo-Mo(2)C is too inert to adsorb CO or to dissociate H(2)O. In contrast, the same amount of O on the C-Mo(2)C surface (O_C-Mo(2)C) does not lead to deactivation, but enhances the rate of the WGS reaction and makes this system even more active than Cu. The good behavior of O_C-Mo(2)C is attributed to the formation of a Mo oxycarbide in the surface. The C atoms destabilize O-poisoning by forming CO species, which shift away from the Mo hollow sites when the surface reacts with other adsorbates. In this way, the Mo sites are able to provide a moderate bond to the reaction intermediates. In addition, both C and O atoms are not spectators and directly participate in the WGS reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 555, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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Liu P, Lightstone JM, Patterson MJ, Rodriguez JA, Muckerman JT, White MG. Gas-phase Interaction of Thiophene with the Ti8C12+ and Ti8C12 Met-Car Clusters. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:7449-55. [PMID: 16599524 DOI: 10.1021/jp060340s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the Ti(8)C(12)(+) met-car cation toward thiophene was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and mass selective ion chemistry. It is shown that the experimentally observed mass spectrum can be well described by the DFT calculations. In contrast to the weak bonding interactions seen for thiophene on a TiC(001) surface, the Ti(8)C(12)(+) met-car cation is able to interact strongly with up to four thiophene molecules with the cluster staying intact. In the most stable conformation, the thiophene molecules bond to the four low-coordinated Ti(0) sites of Ti(8)C(12)(+) via a eta(5)-C,S coordination. The stability and the activity of the Ti(8)C(12)(+) met-car is observed to increase with an increasing number of attached thiophene molecules at the Ti(0) sites, which is associated with a significant transfer of electron density from thiophene to the cluster. The additional electron density on the Ti(8)C(12)(+) cation cluster, however, is not sufficient to cleave the C-S bonds of thiophene and the dissociation reaction of thiophene is predicted to be a highly activated process. By contrast, DFT calculations for the neutral Ti(8)C(12) met-car predict that the dissociation reaction leading to adsorbed S and C(4)H(4) fragments is energetically favorable for the first thiophene molecule. The binding behavior for subsequent addition of thiophene molecules to the neutral met-car is also presented and compared to that of the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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Lightstone JM, Patterson MJ, Liu P, White MG. Gas-Phase Reactivity of the Ti8C12+ Met-car with Triatomic Sulfur-Containing Molecules: CS2, SCO, and SO2. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3505-13. [PMID: 16526629 DOI: 10.1021/jp057277b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase Ti(x)C(y)+ clusters (x/y = 3/5, 4/7, 5/9, 6/9, 7/12, 8/12, 9/12) including the magic Ti8C12+ (met-car) have been produced by reactive sputtering with a magnetron cluster source. The gas-phase reactivity of the met-car with SCO, CS2, and SO2 was investigated in a hexapole collision cell by way of tandem mass spectrometry. Results indicate an increase in activity as the oxygen-to-sulfur ratio increases (SO2 > SCO > CS2) with products ranging from association to break down of the met-car cluster. Trends in the mass spectra also indicate SCO and CS2 may bond to the met-car in a unique way not observed in previous reactivity studies on Ti8C12+. To investigate this, several possible single molecule-cluster bonding configurations were calculated with density functional theory. The results indicate that bridge bonding of the intact molecules is energetically preferred. In addition, the energy barriers and transition states leading to dissociation products were calculated and the trends are found to be in qualitative agreement with experiment. The effects of the different types of bonding and number of adsorbed species on the reactivity of the met-car along with proposed reaction mechanisms for product formation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Lightstone
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Sulfur adsorption and sulfidation of transition metal carbides as hydrotreating catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Hwu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Catalytic Science and Technology (CCST), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Liu P, Rodriguez JA, Muckerman JT. The Ti8C12 Metcar: A New Model Catalyst for Hydrodesulfurization. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp045460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 555, Upton, New York 11973
| | - José A. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 555, Upton, New York 11973
| | - James T. Muckerman
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 555, Upton, New York 11973
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Liu P, Rodriguez JA, Muckerman JT. Desulfurization of SO2 and Thiophene on Surfaces and Nanoparticles of Molybdenum Carbide: Unexpected Ligand and Steric Effects. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 555, Upton, New York 11973
| | - José A. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 555, Upton, New York 11973
| | - James T. Muckerman
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 555, Upton, New York 11973
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Fernández-García M, Martínez-Arias A, Hanson JC, Rodriguez JA. Nanostructured Oxides in Chemistry: Characterization and Properties. Chem Rev 2004; 104:4063-104. [PMID: 15352786 DOI: 10.1021/cr030032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-García
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie s/n, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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Rodriguez JA, Liu P, Dvorak J, Jirsak T, Gomes J, Takahashi Y, Nakamura K. The interaction of oxygen with TiC(001): Photoemission and first-principles studies. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:465-74. [PMID: 15260568 DOI: 10.1063/1.1755669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution photoemission and first-principles density-functional slab calculations were used to study the interaction of oxygen with a TiC(001) surface. Atomic oxygen is present on the TiC(001) substrate after small doses of O(2) at room temperature. A big positive shift (1.5-1.8 eV) was detected for the C 1s core level. These photoemission studies suggest the existence of strong O<-->C interactions. A phenomenon corroborated by the results of first-principles calculations, which show a CTiTi hollow as the most stable site for the adsorption of O. Ti and C atoms are involved in the adsorption and dissociation of the O(2) molecule. In general, the bond between O and the TiC(001) surface contains a large degree of ionic character. The carbide-->O charge transfer is substantial even at high coverages (>0.5 ML) of oxygen. At 500 K and large doses of O(2), oxidation of the carbide surface occurs with the removal of C and formation of titanium oxides. There is an activation barrier for the exchange of Ti-C and Ti-O bonds which is overcome only by the formation of C-C or C-O bonds on the surface. The mechanism for the removal of a C atom as CO gas involves a minimum of two O adatoms, and three O adatoms are required for the formation of CO(2) gas. Due to the high stability of TiC, an O adatom alone cannot induce the generation of a C vacancy in a flat TiC(001) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
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