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Jahn-Teller and Pseudo Jahn-Teller Effects: Influences on the Electronic Structures of Small Transition, Main Group and Mixed Metal Clusters. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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2
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Pansini FNN, Neto AC, de Campos M, de Aquino RM. Effects of All-Electron Basis Sets and the Scalar Relativistic Corrections in the Structure and Electronic Properties of Niobium Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5728-5734. [PMID: 28686436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an augmented all-electron double-ζ basis set is used in calculations of the structure and electronic properties of small niobium clusters. The B3PW91 and M06 DFT functionals with and without second order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH) scalar relativistic corrections are also utilized. Furthermore, an additional d Gaussian type function is introduced in the standard basis sets in order to improve the description of the clusters orbitals in the valence band. Our findings show that the extra d function is important to yield accurate results of electronic properties and, in addition, the DKH corrections can be relevant when the all-electron basis sets are used in the calculations. Our best results are obtained with the M06 functional together with the DKH second order corrections and with the extra d function added to the all-electron basis set.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N N Pansini
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil
| | - A C Neto
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil
| | - M de Campos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Roraima , 69310-000 Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - R M de Aquino
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Roraima , 69310-000 Boa Vista, Brazil
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3
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Wang HQ, Li HF. Probing the structural and electronic properties of Al-doped small niobium clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Addicoat MA, Lim KF, Metha GF. Reactions of Nb2 and Nb3 with CO, D2, N2, and O2: reconciling experimental kinetics with density functional theory-calculated reaction profiles. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:034301. [PMID: 22830696 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calculated energy profiles for the reactions of neutral Nb(2) and Nb(3) metal clusters with CO, D(2), N(2), and O(2) are presented. In each reaction path, both a physisorption energy minimum, where the reactant remains intact, and a chemisorption energy minimum, where the reactant has dissociated, are calculated and linked by saddle points. We calculate branching ratios for the forward (dissociative) and reverse reactions which we compare with the experimental kinetic data. It is found that a combination of average thermal energies and barrier heights leads to wide variation in branching ratios which compares favourably to previously determined experimental reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Addicoat
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Wang HQ, Li HF, Wang JX, Kuang XY. Structural, electronic and magnetic effects of Al-doped niobium clusters: a density functional theory study. J Mol Model 2011; 18:2993-3001. [PMID: 22146984 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of the ab initio stochastic search procedure with Saunders "kick" method has been carried out for the elucidation of global minimum structures of a series of Al-doped clusters, Nb(n)Al (1 ≤ n ≤ 10). We have studied the structural characters, growth behaviors, electronic and magnetic properties of Nb(n)Al by the density functional theory calculations. Unlike the previous literature reported on Al-doped systems where ground state structures undergo a structural transition from the Al-capped frame to Al-encapsulated structure, we found that Al atom always occupies the surface of Nb(n)Al clusters and structural transition does not take place until n = 10. Note that the fragmentation proceeds preferably by the ejection of an aluminum atom other than niobium atom. According to the natural population analysis, charges always transfer from aluminum to niobium atoms. Furthermore, the magnetic moments of the Nb(n)Al clusters are mainly located on the 4d orbital of niobium atoms, and aluminum atom possesses very small magnetic moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
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Nhat PV, Ngan VT, Tai TB, Nguyen MT. Electronic structures, vibrational and thermochemical properties of neutral and charged niobium clusters Nb(n), n = 7-12. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3523-35. [PMID: 21446686 DOI: 10.1021/jp110758p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Geometric and electronic structures, vibrational properties, and relative stabilities of niobium clusters Nb(n), n = 7-12, are studied using both DFT (BPW91 and M06 functionals) and CCSD(T) calculations with the cc-pVnZ-PP basis set. In each cluster, various lower-lying states are very close in energy in such a way that the ground state cannot be unambiguously established by DFT computations. Nb clusters tend to prefer the lowest possible spin state as the ground state, except for Nb(12) ((3)A(g)). The optimal structure of the cluster at a certain size does not simply grow from that of the smaller one by adding an atom randomly. Instead, the Nb clusters prefer a close-packed growth behavior. Nb(10) has a spherically aromatic character, high chemical hardness and large HOMO-LUMO gap. Electron affinities, ionization energies, binding energy per atom, and the stepwise dissociation energies are evaluated. Energetic properties exhibit odd-even oscillations. Comparison with experimental values shows that both BPW91 and M06 functionals are reliable in predicting the EA and IE values, but the BPW91 is deficient in predicting the binding and dissociation energies. We re-examine in particular the experimental far IR spectra previously recorded using the IR-MPD and free electron laser spectrometric techniques and propose novel assignments for Nb(7) and Nb(9) systems. The IR spectra of the anions are also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Vu Nhat
- Department of Chemistry and Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science Center (LMCC), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Galeev TR, Boldyrev AI. Recent advances in aromaticity and antiaromaticity in transition-metal systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pc90004h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Chen WJ, Zhai HJ, Zhang YF, Huang X, Wang LS. On the Electronic and Structural Properties of Tri-Niobium Oxide Clusters Nb3On− (n = 3−8): Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5958-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102439v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Addicoat MA, Metha GF. Excited states of Nb3N2 and Nb3C2: Density functional theory, CASSCF, and MRCI studies. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:164308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3122542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Zhai HJ, Wang B, Huang X, Wang LS. Probing the Electronic and Structural Properties of the Niobium Trimer Cluster and Its Mono- and Dioxides: Nb3On− and Nb3On (n = 0−2). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3866-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809945n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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11
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Dryza V, Addicoat MA, Gascooke JR, Buntine MA, Metha GF. Threshold Photoionization and Density Functional Theory Studies of the Niobium Carbide Clusters Nb3Cn (n = 1−4) and Nb4Cn (n = 1−6). J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5582-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800691s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoras Dryza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Addicoat
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jason R. Gascooke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Mark. A. Buntine
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Gregory F. Metha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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12
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Fielicke A, Ratsch C, von Helden G, Meijer G. The far-infrared spectra of neutral and cationic niobium clusters: Nb50∕+ to Nb90∕+. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:234306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2806176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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13
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Addicoat MA, Buntine MA, Metha GF, Gilbert ATB, Gill PMW. BFW: A Density Functional for Transition Metal Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2625-8. [PMID: 17388353 DOI: 10.1021/jp067752l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ionization potentials (IPs) or electron affinities (EAs) for transition metal clusters are an important property that can be used to identify and differentiate between clusters. Accurate calculation of these values is therefore vital. Previous attempts using a variety of DFT models have correctly predicted trends, but have relied on the use of scaling factors to compare to experimental IPs. In this paper, we introduce a new density functional (BFW) that is explicitly designed to yield accurate, absolute IPs for transition metal clusters. This paper presents the numerical results for a selection of transition metal clusters and their carbides, nitrides, and oxides for which experimental IPs are known. When tested on transition metal clusters, the BFW functional is found to be significantly more accurate than B3LYP and B3PW91.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Addicoat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Majumdar D, Balasubramanian K. Theoretical study of the electronic states of Nb4, Nb5 clusters and their anions (Nb4−,Nb5−). J Chem Phys 2004; 121:4014-32. [PMID: 15332947 DOI: 10.1063/1.1769358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Geometries and energy separations of the various low-lying electronic states of Nb(n) and Nb(n) (-) (n=4,5) clusters with various structural arrangements have been investigated. The complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field method followed by multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) calculations that included up to 52x10(6) configuration spin functions have been used to compute several electronic states of these clusters. The ground states of both Nb(4) ((1)A('), pyramidal) and Nb(4) (-) ((2)B(3g), rhombus) are low-spin states at the MRSDCI level. The ground state of Nb(5) cluster is a doublet with a distorted trigonal bipyramid (DTB) structure. The anionic cluster of Nb(5) has two competitive ground states with singlet and triplet multiplicities (DTB). The low-lying electronic states of these clusters have been found to be distorted due to Jahn-Teller effect. On the basis of the energy separations of our computed electronic states of Nb(4) and Nb(5), we have assigned the observed photoelectron spectrum of Nb(n) (-) (n=4,5) clusters. We have also compared our MRSDCI results with density functional calculations. The electron affinity, ionization potential, dissociation and atomization energies of Nb(4) and Nb(5) have been calculated and the results have been found to be in excellent agreement with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Majumdar
- Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing, University of California Davis, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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