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Sun YS, Jian YQ, Yang ST, Wang HF, Junisu BA, Chen CY, Lin JM. Epitaxial Growth of Surface Perforations on Parallel Cylinders in Terraced Films of Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7680-7691. [PMID: 38551605 PMCID: PMC11008238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Due to incommensurability between initial thickness and interdomain distance, thermal annealing inevitably produces relief surface terraces (islands and holes) of various morphologies in thin films of block copolymers. We have demonstrated three kinds of surface terraces in blend films: polygrain terraces with diffuse edges, polygrain terraces with step edges, and pseudo-monograin terraces with island coarsening. The three morphologies were obtained by three different thermal histories, respectively. The thermal histories were imposed on blend films, which were prepared by mixing a homopolystyrene (hPS, 6.1 kg/mol) with a weakly segregated, symmetry polystyrene-block poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA, 42 kg/mol) followed by spin coating. At a given weight-fraction ratio of PS-b-PMMA/hPS = 75/25, the interior of the blend films forms parallel cylinders. Nevertheless, the surface of the blend films is always dominated by a skin layer of perforations, which epitaxially grow on top of parallel cylinders. By oxygen plasma etching at various time intervals to probe interior nanodomains, the epitaxial relationship between surface perforations and parallel cylinders has been identified by a scanning electron microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sen Sun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qing Jian
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National
Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Tung Yang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National
Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fang Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National
Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Belda Amelia Junisu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Min Lin
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Sun YS, Liao YP, Hung HH, Chiang PH, Su CJ. Molecular-weight effects of a homopolymer on the AB- and ABC-stacks of perforations in block copolymer/homopolymer films. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:609-620. [PMID: 38131364 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01249b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the molecular-weight effects of adding homopolystyrene (hPS) on the evolution of perforated layers and double gyroids in polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)-based films during isothermal annealing. Two homopolystyrenes of 2.8 and 17 kg mol-1 were used. To prepare blend films, PS-b-PMMA and hPSx (x: 2.8 or 17) were mixed at a weight-fraction ratio of 75/25 in toluene and then spin-coated at SiOx/Si. Spin coating inevitably produced films with thick edges at the periphery of the substrate. The structural evolution of the spun films was in situ characterized by grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). The annealed films were then characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). We found that thin middle regions behaved differently from thick beads for the films. The middle of the blend films mainly formed perforated layers with different spatial orders and orientations, depending on the molecular weight of added hPS chains. Hexagonally perforated layers quickly formed at 205 °C for PS-b-PMMA/hPS2.8 films. However, when hPS17 was used instead of hPS2.8, perforated layers formed with defects in PS-b-PMMA/hPS17 films annealed at 205 °C. Annealing at 240 °C improved the spatial order and orientation of perforated layers for a PS-b-PMMA/hPS17 film. Nevertheless, annealing at 240 °C inversely depressed the in-plane spatial order of perforated layers for a PS-b-PMMA/hPS2.8 film. The depression in the in-plane spatial order is ascribed to a dilution effect of added short chains. Compared to the middle regions, the thick beads went through several metastable phases, such as perpendicularly oriented perforated layers and double gyroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Ping Liao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ho Hung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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3
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Hong JW, Chang JH, Hung HH, Liao YP, Jian YQ, Chang ICY, Huang TY, Nelson A, Lin IM, Chiang YW, Sun YS. Chain Length Effects of Added Homopolymers on the Phase Behavior in Blend Films of a Symmetric, Weakly Segregated Polystyrene- block-poly(methyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Hong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hong Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ho Hung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ping Liao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qing Jian
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Iris Ching-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yen Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - I-Ming Lin
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yeo-Wan Chiang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Hong JW, Jian YQ, Liao YP, Hung HH, Huang TY, Nelson A, Tsao IY, Wu CM, Sun YS. Distributions of Deuterated Polystyrene Chains in Perforated Layers of Blend Films of a Symmetric Polystyrene -block-poly(methyl methacrylate). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13046-13058. [PMID: 34696591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the spatial distributions of polymer chains in blend films of weakly segregated polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) [P(S-b-MMA)] and deuterated polystyrene (dPS). By fine-tuning the composition (ϕPS+dPS = 63.8 vol %) of the total PS/dPS component and annealing temperature (230 and 270 °C), P(S-b-MMA)/dPS blend films mainly form perforated layers with a parallel orientation (hereafter PLs//). The distributions of dPS in PLs// were probed by grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS) and time-of-flight neutron reflectivity (ToF-NR). GISANS and ToF-NR results offer evidence that dPS chains preferentially locate at the free surface and within the PS layers for blend films that were annealed at 230 °C. Upon annealing at 270 °C, dPS chains distribute within PS layers and perforated PMMA layers. Nevertheless, dPS chains still retain a surface preference for thin films. In contrast, such surface segregation of dPS chains is prohibited for thick films when annealed at 270 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Hong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qing Jian
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ping Liao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ho Hung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yen Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - I-Yu Tsao
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Hong JW, Chang JH, Chang ICY, Sun YS. Phase behavior in thin films of weakly segregated block copolymer/homopolymer blends. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9189-9197. [PMID: 34586138 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01005k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the phase behavior of substrate-supported films of a symmetric weakly segregated polystyrene-block-poly (methyl methacrylate), P(S-b-MMA), block copolymer and its blends with homopolymer polystyrene (PS) at different compositions. Upon increasing the content of added PS in the blends, lamellae (L), perforated layers (PL), double gyroid (DG) and cylinders (C) are obtained in sequence for films. Among these nanodomains, PL and DG only exist in a narrow ϕPS region (ϕPS denotes the volume fraction of PS). At ϕPS = 64%, tuning film thickness and annealing temperature can produce parallel PL or DG with {121}DG lattice planes being parallel to the substrate surface. The effects of annealing temperature and film thickness on the formation of PL and DG are examined. In thin films with n ≈ 3 (n denotes the ratio of initial film thickness to inter-domain spacing), the PL phase solely exists regardless of temperature. However, for thick films with n ≈ 6 and 10, thermal annealing at the most accessible temperature produces films containing both PL and DG of various fractions, but a low temperature tends to favor a greater fraction of PL. The PL phase becomes the only discernible phase if thick films are shortly annealed at 230 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Hong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Hong Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Iris Ching-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
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Chen YF, Hong JW, Chang JH, Junisu BA, Sun YS. Influence of Osmotic Pressure on Nanostructures in Thin Films of a Weakly-Segregated Block Copolymer and Its Blends with a Homopolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152480. [PMID: 34372083 PMCID: PMC8348333 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the influence of osmotic pressure on nanostructures in thin films of a symmetric weakly-segregated polystyrene-block-poly (methyl methacrylate), P(S-b-MMA), block copolymer and its mixtures with a polystyrene (PS) homopolymer of various compositions. Thin films were deposited on substrates through surface neutralization. The surface neutralization results from the PS mats, which were oxidized and cross-linked by UV-light exposure. Thus, thermal annealing produced perpendicularly oriented lamellae and perforated layers, depending on the content of added PS chains. Nevertheless, a mixed orientation was obtained from cylinders in thin films, where a high content of PS was blended with the P(S-b-MMA). A combination of UV-light exposure and acetic acid rinsing was used to remove the PMMA block. Interestingly, the treatment of PMMA removal inevitably produced osmotic pressure and consequently resulted in surface wrinkling of perpendicular lamellae. As a result, a hierarchical structure with two periodicities was obtained for wrinkled films with perpendicular lamellae. The formation of surface wrinkling is due to the interplay between UV-light exposure and acetic acid rinsing. UV-light exposure resulted in different mechanical properties between the skin and the inner region of a film. Acetic acid rinsing produced osmotic pressure. It was found that surface wrinkling could be suppressed by reducing film thickness, increasing PS content and using high-molecular-weight P(S-b-MMA) BCPs.
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7
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Dispersity effects on phase behavior and structural evolution in ultrathin films of a deuterated polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Zhao W, Li W. Hybrid patterns from directed self-assembly of diblock copolymers by chemical patterns. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18525-18532. [PMID: 31423503 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface affinity is a critical factor for controlling the formation of monolayer nanostructures in block copolymer thin films. In general, strong surface affinity tends to induce the formation of domains with low spontaneous curvature. Abiding by this principle, we propose a facile chemoepitaxial scheme for producing large-scale ordered hybrid patterns by the directed self-assembly of diblock copolymers. The guiding chemical pattern is designed as periodic stripes with alternately changing surface affinities. As a consequence, two different geometries of domains are formed on the stripes with different affinities. The self-assembly process of block copolymers guided by the stripe patterns is investigated using cell dynamics simulations based on time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, and the kinetic stability diagram is estimated. Hybrid patterns are successfully achieved with both cylinder-forming and sphere-forming diblock copolymers. In the cylinder-forming system, the major hybrid pattern exhibiting a considerable stability window is composed of parallel cylinders and perforated lamellae, while it is composed of monolayer spheres and parallel cylinders in the other system. Encouragingly, the chemoepitaxial method is valid till the period of the guiding pattern is a large multiple of the domain spacing. The chemoepitaxial scheme demonstrated in this work serves as a nice supplement to the graphoepitaxial one proposed in our previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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9
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Uddin MF, Jiang Z, Raymond A, Goodson AD, Lwoya BS, Albert JNL. Thin film confinement reduces compatibility in symmetric ternary block copolymer/homopolymer blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Fakar Uddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X‐Ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439
| | - Andrew Raymond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Amy D. Goodson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Baraka S. Lwoya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
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11
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Cha SK, Lee GY, Mun JH, Jin HM, Moon CY, Kim JS, Kim KH, Jeong SJ, Kim SO. Self-Assembly of Complex Multimetal Nanostructures from Perforated Lamellar Block Copolymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15727-15732. [PMID: 28401753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a facile and effective fabrication of complex multimetallic nanostructures through block copolymer self-assembly. Two- and three-dimensional complex nanostructures, such as "nanomesh," "double-layered nanomeshes," and "surface parallel cylinders on nanomesh," can be fabricated using the self-assembly of perforated lamellar morphology in block copolymer thin films. Simultaneous integration of various metallic elements, including Pt, Au, and Co, into the self-assembled morphologies generates multimetal complex nanostructures with highly interconnected morphology and a large surface. The resultant metal nanostructures with a large surface area, robust electrical connectivity, and well-defined alloy composition demonstrate a high-performance electrochemical catalysis for hydrogen evolution reaction (current density: 6.27 mA/cm2@0.1 V and Tafel slope: 43 mV/dec).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Keun Cha
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Yong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Mun
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Min Jin
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yun Moon
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University , Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Jeong
- Device Laboratory, Device & System Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Mukherjee A, Ankit K, Reiter A, Selzer M, Nestler B. Electric-field-induced lamellar to hexagonally perforated lamellar transition in diblock copolymer thin films: kinetic pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25609-25620. [PMID: 27722519 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04903f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Symmetric block-copolymers, hitherto, are well known to evolve into parallel, perpendicular and mixed lamellar morphologies under the concomitant influence of an electric field and substrate affinity. In the present work, we show that an additional imposed confinement can effectuate a novel parallel lamellar to hexagonally perforated lamellar (HPL) transition in monolayer and bilayer films. Three dimensional numerical studies are performed using the Ohta-Kawasaki functional, complemented with an exact solution of Maxwell's equation. HPL is shown to stabilize at large substrate affinity in a narrow region of the phase diagram between parallel and perpendicular lamellar transitions in ultra-thin films. Additionally, we also identify perforated lamellae as intermediate structures during parallel-to-perpendicular lamellar transition. A systematic analysis using Minkowski functionals yields deeper insights into the associated kinetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mukherjee
- Institute of Materials and Processes, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Applied Materials - Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Haid-und-Neu str. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kumar Ankit
- Institute of Applied Materials - Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Haid-und-Neu str. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Institute of Applied Materials - Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Haid-und-Neu str. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Selzer
- Institute of Materials and Processes, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Applied Materials - Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Haid-und-Neu str. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Britta Nestler
- Institute of Materials and Processes, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestr. 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Applied Materials - Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Haid-und-Neu str. 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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13
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Kipnusu WK, Elmahdy MM, Mapesa EU, Zhang J, Böhlmann W, Smilgies DM, Papadakis CM, Kremer F. Structure and Dynamics of Asymmetric Poly(styrene-b-1,4-isoprene) Diblock Copolymer under 1D and 2D Nanoconfinement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12328-12338. [PMID: 25660102 DOI: 10.1021/am506848s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of 1- and 2-dimensional (2D) confinement on the structure and dynamics of poly(styrene-b-1,4-isoprene) P(S-b-I) diblock copolymer is investigated by a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Grazing-Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS), and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). 1D confinement is achieved by spin coating the P(S-b-I) to form nanometric thin films on silicon substrates, while in the 2D confinement, the copolymer is infiltrated into cylindrical anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nanopores. After dissolving the AAO matrix having mean pore diameter of 150 nm, the SEM images of the exposed P(S-b-I) show straight nanorods. For the thin films, GISAXS and AFM reveal hexagonally packed cylinders of PS in a PI matrix. Three dielectrically active relaxation modes assigned to the two segmental modes of the styrene and isoprene blocks and the normal mode of the latter are studied selectively by BDS. The dynamic glass transition, related to the segmental modes of the styrene and isoprene blocks, is independent of the dimensionality and the finite sizes (down to 18 nm) of confinement, but the normal mode is influenced by both factors with 2D geometrical constraints exerting greater impact. This reflects the considerable difference in the length scales on which the two kinds of fluctuations take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wycliffe K Kipnusu
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahdy M Elmahdy
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- ‡Department of Physics, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Emmanuel U Mapesa
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- ¶Physik-Department, Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Winfried Böhlmann
- §Institute for Experimental Physics II, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- ∥Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Wilson Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- ¶Physik-Department, Physik weicher Materie, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- †Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Max E, Hund M, Potemkin II, Tsarkova L. Floated Lamella Films of Styrenic Block Copolymers: Local Shearing Deformations and Heterogeneous Layer at the Substrate. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4020802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Max
- Physikalische
Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Hund
- Physikalische
Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Igor I. Potemkin
- Physics
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- DWI - Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße
50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Larisa Tsarkova
- DWI - Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße
50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
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15
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O’Driscoll BM, Kelly RA, Shaw M, Mokarian-Tabari P, Liontos G, Ntetsikas K, Avgeropoulos A, Petkov N, Morris MA. Achieving structural control with thin polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer films: The complex relationship of interface chemistry, annealing methodology and process conditions. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Ginzburg VV, Weinhold JD, Trefonas P. Computational modeling of block-copolymer directed self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey D. Weinhold
- The Dow Chemical Company; 2301 N. Brazosport Blvd., Building B1470 Freeport Texas 77541
| | - Peter Trefonas
- Dow Electronic Materials; 455 Forest Street Marlborough Massachusetts 01752
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17
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Surface relief terraces and self-assembled nanostructures in thin block copolymer films with solvent annealing. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Yang YB, Jeon YM, Kim JU, Cho J. Diblock and triblock copolymer thin films on a substrate with controlled selectivity. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2012; 35:86. [PMID: 22972228 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2012-12086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using self-consistent field theory (SCFT), morphology development in symmetric linear ABC triblock copolymer films on neutral and selective substrates has been studied, and it is compared with the triblock copolymer morphologies in bulk. In particular, the effects of the substrate preferable to B (interior) block on nanopattern formation of the copolymer films are of our central interest. Here, we report various nanopatterns with tunable square morphologies. The domain patterns are much more diverse than those parallel to the substrate with substrate selectivity for end-block or those vertical to the substrate without substrate selectivity. Furthermore, in order to figure out an economical and efficient way to fabricate useful passive pattern transfer layers, which have potential applications in microelectronic processes and ultrahigh density storage media, we propose a two-step strategy and scrutinize the conditions for generating square symmetries using cylinder-forming or lamella-forming AB diblock copolymers deposited on substrates created from ABC triblock copolymer films. It is found that a thinner film with weak incompatibility can produce square patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-B Yang
- School of Mechanical and Advanced Materials Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Korea
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19
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Lo CT, Lee B, Gao MW, Chou PW. Ordering of block copolymer/nanoparticle composite thin films. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Chremos A, Chaikin PM, Register RA, Panagiotopoulos AZ. Sphere-to-Cylinder Transitions in Thin Films of Diblock Copolymers under Shear: The Role of Wetting Layers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300382v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Chremos
- Department
of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton,
New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul M. Chaikin
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter
Research and Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department
of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton,
New Jersey 08544, United States
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21
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Abstract
Block copolymers (BCs) are well-known building blocks for the creation of a large variety of nanostructured materials or objects through a dynamic assembly stage which can be either autonomous or guided by an external force. Today's nanotechnologies require sharp control of the overall architecture from the nanoscale to the macroscale. BCs enable this dynamic assembly through all the scales, from few aggregated polymer chains to large bulk polymer materials. Since the discovery of controlled methods to polymerize monomers with different functionalities, a broad diversity of BCs exists, giving rise to many different nanoobjects and nanostructured materials. This chapter will explore the potentialities of block copolymer chains to be assembled through dynamic interactions either in solution or in bulk.
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22
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Sperschneider A, Schacher FH, Tsarkova L, Böker A, Müller AHE. Stabilization of 3D Network Morphologies in Thin Films via Chemical Modification of ABC Triblock Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102293z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Larisa Tsarkova
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Pauwelsstrasse 8, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V., Pauwelsstrasse 8, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Makromolekulare Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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23
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Jung J, Park HW, Lee S, Lee H, Chang T, Matsunaga K, Jinnai H. Effect of film thickness on the phase behaviors of diblock copolymer thin film. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3109-16. [PMID: 20499924 DOI: 10.1021/nn1003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A phase diagram was constructed for a polystyrene-block-polyisoprene (PS-b-PI, M(W) = 32 700, f(PI) = 0.670) in thin films on Si wafer as a function of film thickness over the range of 150-2410 nm (7-107L(0) (L(0): domain spacing)). The PS-b-PI exhibits a variety of ordered phases from hexagonally perforated lamellar (HPL) via double gyroid (DG) to hexagonally packed cylinder (HEX) before going to the disordered (DIS) phase upon heating. The morphology of the PS-b-PI in thin film was investigated by grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and transmission electron microtomography. In thin film, the phase transition temperature is difficult to be determined unequivocally with in situ heating processes since the phase transition is slow and two phases coexist over a wide temperature range. Therefore, in an effort to find an "equilibrium" phase, we determined the long-term stable phase formed after cooling the film from the DIS phase to a target temperature and annealing for 24 h at the temperature. The temperature windows of stable ordered phases are strongly influenced by the film thickness. As the film thickness decreases, the temperature window of layer-like structures such as HPL and HEX becomes wider, whereas that of the DG stable region decreases. For the films thinner than 160 nm (8L(0)), only the HPL phase was found. In the films exhibiting DG phase, a perforated layer structure at the free surface was found, which gradually converts to the internal DG structure. The relief of interfacial tension by preferential wetting appears to play an important role in controlling the morphology in very thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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24
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Pinna M, Hiltl S, Guo X, Böker A, Zvelindovsky AV. Block copolymer nanocontainers. ACS NANO 2010; 4:2845-2855. [PMID: 20496954 DOI: 10.1021/nn901853e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using cell dynamics computer simulation, we perform a systematic study of thin block copolymer films around a nanoparticle. Lamellar-, cylinder-, and sphere-forming block copolymers are investigated with respect to different film thicknesses, particle radii, and boundary conditions at the film interfaces. The obtained structures include standing lamellae and cylinders, "onions", cylinder "knitting balls", "golf ball", layered spherical, "virus"-like and mixed morphologies with T-junctions and U-type defects. The kinetics of the structure formation and difference with planar thin films are discussed. Our simulations suggest that novel porous nanocontainers can be formed by the coating of a sacrificial nanobead by a block copolymer layer with a well-controlled nanostructure. In addition, first scanning force microscopy experiments on a model system reveal surface structures similar to those predicted by our simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pinna
- Computational Physics Group, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
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25
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Kriksin YA, Neratova IV, Khalatur PG, Khokhlov AR. Pattern multiplication by template-guided self-assembly of cylinder-forming copolymers: Field-theoretic and particle-based simulations. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Neratova IV, Khalatur PG, Khokhlov AR. A novel strategy for controlling the orientation of cylindrical domains in thin blend copolymer films via ‘double phase separation’. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Tsarkova L, Sevink GJA, Krausch G. Nanopattern Evolution in Block Copolymer Films: Experiment, Simulations and Challenges. COMPLEX MACROMOLECULAR SYSTEMS I 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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28
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Pinna M, Guo X, Zvelindovsky AV. Diblock copolymers in a cylindrical pore. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:214902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3264946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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29
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30
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Han E, Stuen KO, Leolukman M, Liu CC, Nealey PF, Gopalan P. Perpendicular Orientation of Domains in Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymer Thick Films by Controlled Interfacial Interactions. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9002903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eungnak Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Karl O. Stuen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Melvina Leolukman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Chi-Chun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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31
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Tan H, Song Q, Niu X, Wang Z, Gao W, Yan D. Sphere-forming diblock copolymers in slit confinement: A dynamic density functional theory study. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:214901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3141985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Guo R, Huang H, Du B, He T. Solvent-Induced Morphology of the Binary Mixture of Diblock Copolymer in Thin Film: The Block Length and Composition Dependence of Morphology. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:2712-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808551j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China, and Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China, and Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Binyang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China, and Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbai He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China, and Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
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33
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Jain S, Chapman WG. Effect of confinement on the ordering of symmetric diblock copolymers: application of interfacial statistical associating fluid theory. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970802676040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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van Zoelen W, Polushkin E, ten Brinke G. Hierarchical Terrace Formation in PS-b-P4VP(PDP) Supramolecular Thin Films. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801814w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy van Zoelen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny Polushkin
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit ten Brinke
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Heckmann
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Barbara Drossel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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36
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Horvat A, Sevink GJA, Zvelindovsky AV, Krekhov A, Tsarkova L. Specific features of defect structure and dynamics in the cylinder phase of block copolymers. ACS NANO 2008; 2:1143-1152. [PMID: 19206332 DOI: 10.1021/nn800181m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of defects in thin films of cylinder-forming block copolymers upon long-term thermal or solvent annealing. In particular, we consider in detail the peculiarities of both classical and specific topological defects, and conclude that there is a strong "defect structure-chain mobility" relationship in block copolymers. In the systems studied, representative defect configurations provide connectivity of the minority phase in the form of dislocations with a closed cylinder end or classical disclinations with incorporated alternative, nonbulk structures with planar symmetry. In solvent-annealed films with enhanced chain mobility, the neck defects (bridges between parallel cylinders) were observed. This type of nonsingular defect has not been identified in block copolymer systems before. We argue that topological arguments and 2D defect representation, sufficient for lamellar systems, are not sufficient to determine the stability and mobility of defects in the cylindrical phase. In-situ scanning force microscopy measurements are compared with the simulations based on the dynamic self-consistent mean field theory. The close match between experimental measurements and simulation results suggests that the lateral defect motion is diffusion-driven. In addition, 3D simulations demonstrated that the bottom (wetting) layer is only weakly involved into the structure ordering at the free surface. Finally, the morphological evolution is considered with the focus on the motion and interaction of the representative defect configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Horvat
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universitat Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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37
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van Zoelen W, Asumaa T, Ruokolainen J, Ikkala O, ten Brinke G. Phase Behavior of Solvent Vapor Annealed Thin Films of PS-b-P4VP(PDP) Supramolecules. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy van Zoelen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT Espoo, Finland
| | - Terhi Asumaa
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT Espoo, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT Espoo, Finland
| | - Gerrit ten Brinke
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics and Center for New Materials, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT Espoo, Finland
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38
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del Campo A, Arzt E. Fabrication Approaches for Generating Complex Micro- and Nanopatterns on Polymeric Surfaces. Chem Rev 2008; 108:911-45. [PMID: 18298098 DOI: 10.1021/cr050018y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu del Campo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstraβe 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eduard Arzt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstraβe 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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39
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Horvat A, Knoll A, Krausch G, Tsarkova L, Lyakhova KS, Sevink GJA, Zvelindovsky AV, Magerle R. Time Evolution of Surface Relief Structures in Thin Block Copolymer Films. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Horvat
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A. Knoll
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - G. Krausch
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L. Tsarkova
- Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - K. S. Lyakhova
- Polymer Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G. J. A. Sevink
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. V. Zvelindovsky
- Centre for Materials Science, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - R. Magerle
- Chemische Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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40
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Scherdel S, Schoberth HG, Magerle R. Visualizing the dynamics of complex spatial networks in structured fluids. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:014903. [PMID: 17627365 DOI: 10.1063/1.2747598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a data reduction and visualization approach for the microdomain dynamics in block copolymers and similar structured fluids. Microdomains are reduced to thin smooth lines with colored branching points and visualized with a tool for protein visualization. As a result the temporal evolution of large volume data sets can be perceived within seconds. This approach is demonstrated with simulation results based on the dynamic density functional theory of the ordering of microdomains in a thin film of block copolymers. As an example we discuss the dynamics at the cylinder-to-gyroid grain boundary and compare it to the epitaxial cylinder-to-gyroid phase transition predicted by Matsen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4470 (1998)].
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scherdel
- Chemische Physik, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Strasse 70, D-09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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41
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42
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Xu H, Liu H, Hu Y. Effect of steady shear on multi-axial texture of symmetric diblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-007-0006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Cavicchi KA, Russell TP. Solvent Annealed Thin Films of Asymmetric Polyisoprene−Polylactide Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061163w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Cavicchi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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44
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Structure and Dynamics of Cylinder Forming Block Copolymers in Thin Films. NANOSTRUCTURED SOFT MATTER 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6330-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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45
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Chen P, Liang H. Monte Carlo Simulations of Cylinder-Forming ABC Triblock Terpolymer Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:18212-24. [PMID: 16970438 DOI: 10.1021/jp061957c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We systematically study the cylinder-forming ABC triblock terpolymer thin films using canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The simulated annealing procedure is applied to the self-assembling process. By judicious choice of the system dimensions, we elaborately investigate the effect of film thickness on the orientation of the cylinders. This confined triblock terpolymer system exhibits different phase behavior under the weak and strong surface fields. In addition, we also investigate the ensemble-averaged chain orientations and relative density profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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46
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Lyakhova KS, Horvat A, Zvelindovsky AV, Sevink GJA. Dynamics of terrace formation in a nanostructured thin block copolymer film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:5848-55. [PMID: 16768518 DOI: 10.1021/la060265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We have used dynamic self-consistent field (DSCF) theory to investigate the structural evolution of an ABA block copolymer thin film placed between a solid substrate and a free surface. In line with the few existing theoretical studies for pure homopolymers and mixtures, the free interface is introduced by a void component. In our calculations, the free surface experiences surface roughening and eventually the formation of terraces, as in the experiments. The kinetic pathway of the microstructures was compared to findings of an existing detailed experimental study (Knoll, A.; Lyakhova, K. S.; Horvat, A.; Krausch, G.; Sevink, G. J. A.; Zvelindovsky, A. V.; Magerle, R. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 886) and was found to be equivalent in detail. This corroborates our assumption in this earlier work that the pathway due to changing film thickness is similar to a pathway due to changing surface energetics. Moreover, our calculations show for the first time that microstructural transitions are a driving force of polymer/air interface curving and the formation of terraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lyakhova
- Polymer Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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47
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Tsarkova L, Knoll A, Krausch G, Magerle R. Substrate-Induced Phase Transitions in Thin Films of Cylinder-Forming Diblock Copolymer Melts. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060224n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Lyakhova KS, Zvelindovsky AV, Sevink GJA. Kinetic Pathways of Order-to-Order Phase Transitions in Block Copolymer Films under an Electric Field. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060143r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Lyakhova
- Polymer Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, a2.40, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Centre for Materials Science, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; and Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. V. Zvelindovsky
- Polymer Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, a2.40, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Centre for Materials Science, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; and Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G. J. A. Sevink
- Polymer Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, a2.40, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Centre for Materials Science, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom; and Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Yang Y, Qiu F, Zhang H, Yang Y. Cylindrical phase of diblock copolymers confined in thin films. A real-space self-consistent field theory study. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Olayo-Valles R, Guo S, Lund MS, Leighton C, Hillmyer MA. Perpendicular Domain Orientation in Thin Films of Polystyrene−Polylactide Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0509006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Olayo-Valles
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Shouwu Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - M. S. Lund
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - C. Leighton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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