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Smirnov AN, Solomonik VG. A route to high-accuracy ab initio description of electronic excited states in high-spin lanthanide-containing species: A case study of GdO. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:164304. [PMID: 37877487 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate description of electronic excited states of high-spin molecular species is a yet unsolved problem in modern electronic structure theory. A composite computational scheme developed in the present work contributes to solving this task for a challenging case of lanthanide-containing molecules. In the scheme, the highest-spin states whose wavefunctions are dominated by a single Slater determinant are described at the single-reference (SR) CCSD(T) level, whereas the lower-spin states, being inherently multiconfigurational in their nature, are treated with multireference (MR) methods, MRCI and/or CASPT2. An original technique which scales MR results against SR CCSD(T) ones to improve the accuracy in the former is proposed and examined, taking the example of 12 electronic states of gadolinium monoxide, X9Σ-, Y7Σ-, A'9Δ, A1'7Δ, A9Π, A17Π, B9Σ-, B17Σ-, C9Π, C17Π, D9Σ-, and D17Σ-, up to 35 000 cm-1. A multitude of the corresponding Ω (spin-coupled) states was then studied within the state-interacting approach employing the full Breit-Pauli spin-orbit coupling operator with CASSCF-generated ΛS states as a basis. For all ΛS and Ω states, the Gd-O bond lengths, spectroscopic constants ωe, ωexe, αe, and adiabatic excitation energies are obtained. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data, with deviations in excitation energies not exceeding 350 cm-1 (1 kcal/mol). The spectroscopic properties of the yet unobserved electronic states, A'9Δ, A1'7Δ, C9Π, C17Π, D9Σ-, and D17Σ-, are evaluated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Smirnov
- Department of Physics, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
| | - Victor G Solomonik
- Department of Physics, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
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2
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Fortenberry RC, DeYonker NJ. Rovibrational Quantum Chemical Treatment of Inorganic and Organometallic Astrochemicals. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:271-279. [PMID: 33356121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusOur two groups have both independently and collaboratively been pushing quantum-chemical techniques to produce highly accurate predictions of anharmonic vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants for molecules containing atoms outside of the typical upper p block. Methodologies employ composite approaches, relying on various levels of coupled cluster theory-most often at the singles, doubles, and perturbative triples level-and quartic force field constructions of the potential portion of the intramolecular Watson Hamiltonian. Such methods are known to perform well for organic species, and we have extended this to molecules containing atoms outside of this realm.One notable atom that has received much attention in this application is magnesium. Mg is the second-most-abundant element in the Earth's mantle, and while molecules containing this element are among the confirmed astrochemicals, its further atomic abundance in the galaxy implies that many more molecules (both purely inorganic and organometallic) containing element 12 exist in astrophysical regions in chemical sizes between those of atoms and dust-sized nanocrystals. Our approach discussed herein is producing quality benchmarks and predicting novel data for magnesium-bearing molecules.The story is similar for Al and Si, which are also notably abundant in both rocky bodies and the universe at large. While Na, Sc, and Cu may not be as abundant as Mg, Al, and Si, molecules containing Na and transition metals have also previously been reported to be detected beyond the Earth. Consequently, the need to produce spectral reference data for molecules containing such atoms is growing. While several experimental groups (including, notably, the groups in Arizona, Boston, and France/Spain) have clearly led the way in detection of inorganic/organometallic molecules in space, computational support and even rational design can provide novel avenues for the detection of molecules containing atoms not typically studied in most laboratories. The application of quantum chemistry to other elements beyond carbon and its cronies at the top right of the periodic table promises a better understanding of the observable universe. It will also provide novel and fundamental chemical insights pushing the "central science" into new molecular territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Nathan J. DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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3
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Burton MA, Cheng Q, Halfen DT, Lane JH, DeYonker NJ, Ziurys LM. The structure of ScC 2 (X̃ 2A 1): A combined Fourier transform microwave/millimeter-wave spectroscopic and computational study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034304. [PMID: 32716169 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pure rotational spectra of Sc13C2 (X̃2A1) and Sc12C13C (X̃2A') have been measured using Fourier transform microwave/millimeter-wave methods. These molecules were synthesized in a DC discharge from the reaction of scandium vapor, produced via laser ablation, with 13CH4 or 13CH4/12CH4, diluted in argon. The NKa,Kc = 10,1 → 00,0, 20,2 → 10,1, 30,3 → 20,2, and 40,4 → 30,3 transitions in the frequency range of 14 GHz-61 GHz were observed for both species, each exhibiting hyperfine splittings due to the nuclear spins of 13C (I = 1/2) and/or Sc (I = 7/2). These data have been analyzed with an asymmetric top Hamiltonian, and rotational, spin-rotation, and hyperfine parameters have been determined for Sc13C2 and Sc12C13C. In addition, a quartic force field was calculated for ScC2 and its isotopologues using a highly accurate coupled cluster-based composite method, incorporating complete basis set extrapolation, scalar relativistic corrections, outer core and inner core electron correlation, and higher-order valence correlation effects. The agreement between experimental and computed rotational constants, including the effective constant (B + C), is ∼0.5% for all three isotopologues. This remarkable agreement suggests promise in predicting rotational spectra of new transition metal-carbon bearing molecules. In combination with previous work on Sc12C2, an accurate structure for ScC2 has been established using combined experimental (B, C) and theoretical (A) rotational constants. The radical is cyclic (or T-shaped) with r(Sc-C) = 2.048(2) Å, r(C-C) = 1.272(2) Å, and ∠(C-Sc-C) = 36.2(1)°. The experimental and theoretical results also suggest that ScC2 contains a C2 - moiety and is largely ionic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Burton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Astronomy, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 1305 E. 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
| | - Q Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - D T Halfen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Astronomy, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 1305 E. 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
| | - J H Lane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Astronomy, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 1305 E. 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
| | - N J DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - L M Ziurys
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Astronomy, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 1305 E. 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
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Süß D, Huber SE, Mauracher A. On the impact of multi-reference character of small transition metal compounds on their bond dissociation energies. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:114104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5143495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Süß
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan E. Huber
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Mauracher
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Cheng Q, DeYonker NJ. Theoretical study of the low-lying electronic states of iron hydride cation. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:234304. [PMID: 31228893 DOI: 10.1063/1.5096519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both FeH and FeH+ are predicted to be abundant in cool stellar atmospheres and proposed to be molecular components of the gas phase interstellar medium (ISM). However, experimental and simulated data for both species are lacking, which have hindered astronomical detection. There are no published laboratory data for the spectroscopy of FeH+ in any frequency regime. It is also not established if FeH+ possesses salient multireference character, which would pose significant challenges for ab initio modeling of geometric and spectroscopic properties. With a set of high-level coupled cluster and multireference configuration interaction computations, a study of the electronic structure of the ground state and seven excited states of FeH+ was carried out. An X5Δi electronic ground state of FeH+ is found, in agreement with previous theoretical studies. Including corrections for spin-orbit coupling and anharmonic vibrational effects, the Ω = 3, ν = 0 spin ladder of the A5Πi electronic state lies 872 cm-1 higher in energy than the Ω = 4, ν = 0 spin ladder of the ground state. Combined with previous work in our laboratory, the ionization energy of FeH is computed to be 7.4851 eV. With modern multireference configuration interaction and coupled cluster methods, spectroscopic constants (re, Be, ωe, ωexe, αe, and D¯e) for several bound excited states (A5Πi, B 5Σi +, a 3Σr -, b3Φi, c3Πi, d3Δr, and 7Σ+) were characterized. This study will lead efforts to identify FeH+ in the ISM and help solve important remaining questions in quantifying metal-hydride bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - Nathan J DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
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6
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Cheng Q, Fortenberry RC, DeYonker NJ. Towards a quantum chemical protocol for the prediction of rovibrational spectroscopic data for transition metal molecules: Exploration of CuCN, CuOH, and CuCCH. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:234303. [PMID: 29272934 DOI: 10.1063/1.5006931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High accuracy electronic structure computations for small transition metal-containing molecules have been a long term challenge. Due to coupling between electronic and nuclear wave functions, even experimental/theoretical identification of the ground electronic state requires tremendous efforts. Quartic force fields (QFFs) are effective ab initio tools for obtaining reliable anharmonic spectroscopic properties. However, the method that employs complete basis set limit extrapolation ("C"), consideration of core electron correlation ("cC"), and inclusion of scalar relativity ("R") to produce the energy points on the QFF, the composite CcCR methodology, has not yet been utilized to study inorganic spectroscopy. This work takes the CcCR methodology and adapts it to test whether such an approach is conducive for the closed-shell, copper-containing molecules CuCN, CuOH, and CuCCH. Gas phase rovibrational data are provided for all three species in their ground electronic states. Equilibrium geometries and many higher-order rovibrational properties show good agreement with earlier studies. However, there are notable differences, especially in computation of fundamental vibrational frequencies. Even with further additive corrections for the inner core electron correlation and coupled cluster with full single, double, and triple substitutions (CCSDT), the differences are still larger than expected indicating that more work should follow for predicting rovibrational properties of transition metal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA
| | - Nathan J DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
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7
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Chen X, Li Q, Andrews L, Gong Y. Matrix Infrared Spectra of Manganese and Iron Isocyanide Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8835-8842. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Chen
- Department
of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingnuan Li
- Department
of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Yu Gong
- Department
of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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8
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Vega-Vega Á, Barrientos C, Largo A. Metallic monoboronyl compounds: Prediction of their structure and comparison with the cyanide analogues. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:807-815. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Vega-Vega
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Carmen Barrientos
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Antonio Largo
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7 47011 Valladolid Spain
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9
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Ground and low-lying excited states of PtCN and PdCN: theoretical investigation including spin–orbit coupling. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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DeYonker NJ. What a Difference a Decade Has Not Made: The Murky Electronic Structure of Iron Monocyanide (FeCN) and Iron Monoisocyanide (FeNC). J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:215-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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11
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DeYonker NJ, Halfen DT, Allen WD, Ziurys LM. The electronic structure of vanadium monochloride cation (VCl+): Tackling the complexities of transition metal species. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:204302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4901239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - DeWayne T. Halfen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Astronomy, Arizona Radio Observatory, and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Wesley D. Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Lucy M. Ziurys
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Astronomy, Arizona Radio Observatory, and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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12
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Yuan J, Wang S, Si Y, Yang B, Chen H. Investigation of ternary ConCN−1/0 (n = 1–5) clusters by density functional calculations. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5516-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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DeYonker NJ, Peterson KA. Is near-"spectroscopic accuracy" possible for heavy atoms and coupled cluster theory? An investigation of the first ionization potentials of the atoms Ga-Kr. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:164312. [PMID: 23635143 DOI: 10.1063/1.4801854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in ab initio coupled cluster (CC) theory and correlation consistent basis sets have ushered in an era of unprecedented accuracy when studying the spectroscopy and thermodynamics of molecules containing main group elements. These same developments have recently seen application to heavier inorganic or transition metal-containing species. The present work benchmarks conventional single reference coupled cluster theory (up to full configuration interaction for valence electron correlation and coupled cluster with up to full pentuple excitations (CCSDTQP) for core-valence correlation) and explicitly correlated coupled cluster methods [CC with single, double, and perturbative triple substitutions (CCSD(T)-F12)] for the atomic ionization potentials of the six 4p elements (Ga-Kr), a property with experimental error bars no greater than a few cm(-1). When second-order spin orbit coupling effects are included, a composite methodology based on CCSD(T) calculations yielded a mean signed error of just -0.039 kcal mol(-1) and a mean unsigned error of 0.043 kcal mol(-1). Inclusion of post-CCSD(T) correlation corrections reduced both of these values to -0.008 kcal mol(-1) and 0.025 kcal mol(-1), respectively, with the latter corresponding to an average error of just 9 cm(-1). The maximum signed error in the latter scheme was just -0.043 kcal mol(-1) (15 cm(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA.
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14
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DeYonker NJ, Allen WD. Taming the low-lying electronic states of FeH. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:234303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4767771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Jiang W, DeYonker NJ, Wilson AK. Multireference Character for 3d Transition-Metal-Containing Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:460-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ct2006852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Jiang
- Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5070, United States
| | - Nathan J. DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3500, United States
| | - Angela K. Wilson
- Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5070, United States
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Flory MA, Ziurys LM. Millimeter-wave rotational spectroscopy of FeCN (X 4Δi) and FeNC (X 6Δi): Determining the lowest energy isomer. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:184303. [PMID: 22088061 DOI: 10.1063/1.3653809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M A Flory
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Astronomy, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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17
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Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy of FeCN (X4Δ ): Confirmation of the quartet electronic ground state. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Barrientos C, Redondo P, Rayón VM, Largo A. Structure and stability of neutral cyanide complexes of copper and zinc. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Redondo P, Barrientos C, Largo A, Rayón VM. Neutral cyanide complexes of iron: Structure and stability. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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DeYonker NJ, Williams TG, Imel AE, Cundari TR, Wilson AK. Accurate thermochemistry for transition metal complexes from first-principles calculations. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:024106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3160667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rayón VM, Redondo P, Valdés H, Barrientos C, Largo A. Polyisocyanides of Titanium. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:1574-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809339f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Rayón
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar Redondo
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Haydee Valdés
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Barrientos
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio Largo
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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22
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Wilson AK, DeYonker NJ, Cundari TR. The Correlation Consistent Composite Approach (ccCA): Efficient and Pan-Periodic Kinetics and Thermodynamics. ADVANCES IN THE THEORY OF ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2596-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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23
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Evangelista FA, Simmonett AC, Allen WD, Schaefer HF, Gauss J. Triple excitations in state-specific multireference coupled cluster theory: Application of Mk-MRCCSDT and Mk-MRCCSDT-n methods to model systems. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:124104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2834927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Paul A, Yamaguchi Y, Schaefer HF. Coupled cluster investigation on the low-lying electronic states of CuCN and CuNC and the ground state barrier to isomerization. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:154324. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2784393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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25
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Redondo P, Rayón VM, Valdés H, Barrientos C, Largo A. A theoretical study of the [FeCN]+ system: Cyanide–isocyanide competition and isomerization barrier. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Rayón VM, Redondo P, Valdés H, Barrientos C, Largo A. Cyanides and Isocyanides of First-Row Transition Metals: Molecular Structure, Bonding, and Isomerization Barriers. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6334-44. [PMID: 17580838 DOI: 10.1021/jp072434n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyanides and isocyanides of first-row transition metal M(CN) (M=Sc-Zn) are investigated with quantum chemistry techniques, providing predictions for their molecular properties. A careful analysis of the competition between cyanide and isocyanide isomers along the transition series has been carried out. In agreement with the experimental observations, late transition metals (Co-Zn) clearly prefer a cyanide arrangement. On the other hand, early transition metals (Sc-Fe), with the only exception of the Cr(CN) system, favor the isocyanide isomer. The theoretical calculations predict the following unknown isocyanides, ScNC(3Delta), TiNC(4Phi), VNC(5Delta), and MnNC(7Sigma+), and agree with the experimental observation of FeNC(6Delta) and the CrCN(6Sigma+) cyanide. First-row transition metal cyanides and isocyanides are predicted to have relatively large dissociation energies with values within the range 80-101 kcal mol(-1), except Zn(CN), which has a dissociation energy around 50-55 kcal mol(-1), and low isomerization barriers. A detailed analysis of the bonding has been carried out employing the topological analysis of the charge density and an energy decomposition analysis. The role of the covalent and electrostatic contributions to the metal-ligand bonding, as well as the importance of pi bonding, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Rayón
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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Hirano T, Okuda R, Nagashima U, Jensen P. A theoretical study of CoCN in the3Φelectronic ground state. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970601126734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Flory MA, Field RW, Ziurys LM. The pure rotational spectrum of CrCN (X 6 Σ +): an unexpected geometry and unusual spin interactions. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970601146872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Shaver MP, Allan LEN, Rzepa HS, Gibson VC. Correlation of Metal Spin State with Catalytic Reactivity: Polymerizations Mediated by α-Diimine–Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Shaver MP, Allan LEN, Rzepa HS, Gibson VC. Correlation of Metal Spin State with Catalytic Reactivity: Polymerizations Mediated by α-Diimine–Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:1241-4. [PMID: 16416479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Shaver
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW72AZ, UK
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Paul A, Yamaguchi Y, Schaefer HF, Peterson KA. The low-lying electronic states of nickel cyanide and isocyanide: A theoretical investigation. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:034310. [PMID: 16438586 DOI: 10.1063/1.2137324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
At different levels of coupled cluster theory optimum structures, energetics, and harmonic vibrational frequencies for several low-lying doublet and quartet electronic states of linear NiCN and NiNC were studied using four contracted Gaussian basis sets, ranging from Ni[6s5p4d2f], CN[4s3p2d] to Ni[8s7p5d3f2g1h], CN[5s4p3d2f1g]. The most reliable predictions were obtained with a relativistic Douglas-Kroll restricted open-shell-based coupled cluster method including singles, doubles, and perturbative triple excitations [DK-R/UCCSD(T)]. This level of theory was used in conjunction with correlation-consistent polarized valence Douglas-Kroll recontracted quadruple-zeta basis sets (cc-pVQZDK). The energetic ordering of the electronic states of NiCN is predicted to be 2delta < 2sigma+ < 2pi < 4delta < 4pi and that of NiNC is 2delta approximately 2sigma+ < 2pi < 4delta < 4pi < 4sigma-. Our theoretical investigation supports the assignment of the ground-state term symbol, the Ni-C stretching frequency, and the bending frequency for the ground electronic state of NiCN by Kingston et al. [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 215, 106 (2002)] and by Sheridan and Ziurys [J. Chem. Phys. 118, 6370 (2003)]. The predicted structure of the 2delta ground state of NiCN, r(e)(Ni-C) = 1.822 angstroms and r(e)(C-N) = 1.167 angstroms, at DK-R/UCCSD(T)/cc-pVQZDK shows excellent agreement with the experimentally determined Ni-C bond length of 1.826 A and less satisfactory agreement for the C-N bond length of 1.153 angstroms [J. Chem. Phys. 118, 6370 (2003)]. It is also concluded that the metal-to-ligand pi back donation is weak or negligible. Additionally, we found that on the 2delta surface the linear cyanide isomer lies lower in energy than the linear isocyanide isomer by 12.2 kcal mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Paul
- Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Sheridan PM, Flory MA, Ziurys LM. Characterizing the later 3d cyanides: The submillimeter spectrum of CoCN(X [sup 3]Φ[sub i]). J Chem Phys 2004; 121:8360-8. [PMID: 15511156 DOI: 10.1063/1.1791091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pure rotational spectrum of the CoCN radical has been recorded in the frequency range 350-500 GHz using direct absorption techniques. This study is the first spectroscopic observation of this molecule by any experimental technique. Spectra of Co (13)CN have been measured as well. These data indicate that this species is linear in its ground electronic state and has the cyanide, as opposed to the isocyanide, geometry. The ground state term has been assigned as (3)Phi(i), based on the measurement of three spin components (Omega=4, 3, and 2) and in analogy to other isovalent cobalt-bearing species. Hyperfine splittings resulting from the (59)Co nuclear spin of I=7/2 were observed in every transition, each of which exhibited an octet pattern. For the lowest energy spin component, Omega=4, vibrational satellite features were also identified arising from the first quantum of the Co-C (v(1)=1) stretch and the v(2)=1 and v(2)=2 quanta of the bending mode, which were split by Renner-Teller interactions. The ground state measurements of CoCN were analyzed with a case a(beta) Hamiltonian, establishing rotational, fine structure, and hyperfine parameters. The vibrational and Co (13)CN spectra for the Omega=4 component were fit as well. An r(0) structure was also calculated, providing estimates of the Co-C and C-N bond distances, based on the Omega=4 transitions. CoCN is the fourth molecule in the 3d transition metal series to exhibit the linear cyanide structure, along with the Zn, Cu, and Ni analogs. The preference for this geometry, as opposed to the isocyanide form, may indicate a greater degree of covalent bonding in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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