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Claridge SA, Liao WS, Thomas JC, Zhao Y, Cao H, Cheunkar S, Serino AC, Andrews AM, Weiss PS. From the bottom up: dimensional control and characterization in molecular monolayers. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:2725-45. [PMID: 23258565 PMCID: PMC3596502 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35365b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers are a unique class of nanostructured materials, with properties determined by their molecular lattice structures, as well as the interfaces with their substrates and environments. As with other nanostructured materials, defects and dimensionality play important roles in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the monolayers. In this review, we discuss monolayer structures ranging from surfaces (two-dimensional) down to single molecules (zero-dimensional), with a focus on applications of each type of structure, and on techniques that enable characterization of monolayer physical properties down to the single-molecule scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley A. Claridge
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John C. Thomas
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huan Cao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sarawut Cheunkar
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew C. Serino
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anne M. Andrews
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Bubnis GJ, Mayne HR. Adlayer Morphologies and Free Energy Landscapes of Clusters of Bis-Fullerenes on Model Gold Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7044-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1123647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Bubnis
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Howard R. Mayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
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Cho IH, Park JW, Lee TG, Lee H, Paek SH. Biophysical characterization of the molecular orientation of an antibody-immobilized layer using secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analyst 2011; 136:1412-9. [PMID: 21327232 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular orientation of antibody layers formed on separate solid matrices (e.g., gold-coated glass substrate) was characterized by means of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) in static mode. For comparison, three different antibody species, IgG, F(ab')(2), and Fab, were prepared, biotinylated in random and site-directed fashions, and immobilized on distinct streptavidin-coated surfaces. ToF-SIMS analyses of each antibody layer revealed that the secondary ion intensity peaks measured at the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio 253, 325, and 647 were unique to the site-directly immobilized antibodies. The ions in the three peaks were detected neither from the streptavidin layer nor from the randomly prepared antibody, indicating that the insolubilized antibody layers constructed in the two different manners had distinct molecular arrangements. The antibody preparations were further tested for their binding characteristics in sandwich-type immunoassays, which showed that the site-directed antibodies consistently enhanced the detection capability comparing to those randomly prepared. Based on the analytical results of both the ToF-SIMS analysis and sandwich-type immunoassays, the site-directed antibody species were immobilized on the surfaces in a more orientated manner, with their antigen binding sites exposed to the bulk solution, than when random immobilization was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hoon Cho
- Program for Bio-Microsystem Technology, Korea University, 1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
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Shirai Y, Guerrero JM, Sasaki T, He T, Ding H, Vives G, Yu BC, Cheng L, Flatt AK, Taylor PG, Gao Y, Tour JM. Fullerene/Thiol-Terminated Molecules. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7885-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901701j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shirai
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
- ICYS-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jason M. Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Tao He
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Huanjun Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627
| | - Guillaume Vives
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Byung-Chan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
- Department of Chemistry, Mokwon University, Daejon, 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Austen K. Flatt
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Priscilla G. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005
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Bubnis G, Cleary S, Mayne H. Self-assembly and structural behavior of a model rigid C60-terminated thiolate on Au(111). Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Seo K, Konchenko AV, Lee J, Bang GS, Lee H. Electron transport processes in on/off states of a single alkyl-tailed metal complex molecular switch. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b912563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shirai Y, Cheng L, Chen B, Tour JM. Characterization of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Fullerene Derivatives on Gold Surfaces: Implications for Device Evaluations. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13479-89. [PMID: 17031961 DOI: 10.1021/ja063451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The widely employed approach to self-assembly of fullerene derivatives on gold can be complicated due to multilayer formations and head-to-tail assemblies resulting from the strong fullerene-fullerene and fullerene-gold interactions. These anomalies were not examined in detail in previous studies on fullerene self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) but were clearly detected in the present work using surface characterization techniques including ellipsometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This is the first time that SAMs prepared from fullerene derivatives of thiols/thiol esters/disulfides have been analyzed in detail, and the complications due to multilayer formations and head-to-tail assemblies were revealed. Specifically, we designed and synthesized several fullerene derivatives based on thiols, thiol acetates, and disulfides to address the characterization requirements, and these are described and delineated. These studies specifically address the need to properly characterize and control fullerene-thiol assemblies on gold before evaluating subsequent device performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shirai
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Patnaik A, Okudaira KK, Kera S, Setoyama H, Mase K, Ueno N. Polarized near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure spectroscopy of C60-functionalized 11-amino-1-undecane thiol self-assembled monolayer: Molecular orientation and Evidence for C60 aggregation. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:154703. [PMID: 15945652 DOI: 10.1063/1.1880952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was adopted to probe the unoccupied electronic states of C60 anchored onto an organized assembly of 11-amino-1-undecane thiol on Au(111). The polarization dependence of the intensity of pi* resonance associated with C60 pi network revealed the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) system to be oriented with an average molecular tilt angle of 57 degrees with respect to the surface normal. Invoking the absence of solid-state band dispersion effects and in comparison to solid C60 and /or 1-ML C60/Au(111), the electronic structure of the resulting assembly was found dominated by spectral position shift and linewidth and intensity changes of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), LUMO+1, and LUMO+2 orbitals. The latter implied hybridization between N Pz of -NH2 group of thiolate SAM and pi levels of C60, resulting in a nucleophilic addition with a change in the symmetry of C60 from Ih to C1 in the SAM. Occurrence of a new feature at 285.3 eV in the NEXAFS spectrum, assigned previously to pi* graphitic LUMO, signified the formation of aggregated clusters, (C60)n of C60 monomer. Low tunneling current scanning tunneling microscopy confirmed them to be spherical and stable aggregates with n approximately 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Patnaik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
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