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Wang Y, Ramesh U, Nyamekye CKA, Ryan BJ, Nelson RD, Alebri AM, Hamdeh UH, Hadi A, Smith EA, Panthani MG. Synthesis of germanium nanocrystals from solid-state disproportionation of a chloride-derived germania glass. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6102-6105. [PMID: 31070202 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01676g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Germanium nanocrystals (Ge NCs) have potential to be used in several optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors and light-emitting diodes. Here, we report a solid-state route to synthesizing Ge NCs through thermal disproportionation of a germania (GeOX) glass, which was synthesized by hydrolyzing a GeCl2·dioxane complex. The GeOX glass synthesized in this manner was found to have residual Cl content. The process of nanocrystal nucleation and growth was monitored using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Compared to existing solid-state routes for synthesizing colloidal Ge NCs, this approach requires fewer steps and is amenable to scaling to large-scale reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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2
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Kalugina YN, Thakkar AJ. Electric properties of stannous and stannic halides: How good are the experimental values? Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Pang W, Wang M, Yang C, Zhang Y. Ab initio study of spectroscopic constants and anharmonic force field of 74GeCl2. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:194301. [PMID: 17523798 DOI: 10.1063/1.2733654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium structure, spectroscopy constants, and anharmonic force field of germanium dichloride have been calculated at MP2, B3LYP, and CCSD(T) levels of theory employing two basis sets, cc-pVDZ and cc-pVTZ, respectively. The computed geometries, rotational constants, and vibration-rotation interaction constants, and quartic centrifugal distortion constants are compared with the available experimental data. The harmonic frequencies, anharmonic constants, and cubic and quartic force constants are predicted. The calculated results show that the MP2 results are in excellent agreement with experiment and represent a substantial improvement over the results obtained from B3LYP. The CCSD(T) method is also an advisable choice to study anharmonic force field of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiu Pang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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Cryogenic Inorganic Chemistry: A Review of Metal-Gas Reactions as Studied by Matrix-Isolation Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470166208.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Lin YS, Chen CC, Chang BC. Dispersed fluorescence spectroscopy of the GeCl2 ÖX̃ transition. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:224322. [PMID: 16784289 DOI: 10.1063/1.2206179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum of the GeCl(2) A-X transition at ultraviolet wavelengths (300-320 nm) was recorded in a direct current discharge supersonic free jet expansion. The excitation spectrum contains several sharp peaks and a congested diffuse structure. Dispersed fluorescence spectra following the excitation of these GeCl(2) ultraviolet bands were successfully acquired for the first time. The analysis of the dispersed fluorescence spectra reveals the detailed vibrational structure of the X (1)A(1) state. We have assigned the vibrational structures corresponding to different isotopomers (Ge(35)Cl(2), Ge(35)Cl(37)Cl, and Ge(37)Cl(2)). The vibrational fundamental frequencies were determined: 409 cm(-1) (symmetric stretch), 159 cm(-1) (bend), and 352 cm(-1) (antisymmetric stretch) for the X (1)A(1) state of GeCl(2). Vibrational parameters of the ground electronic state including vibrational frequencies, anharmonicity, and bend-stretch coupling constant were determined. Our dispersed fluorescence spectra also clarify the vibrational assignments of the hot bands and provide more experimental data for unraveling the nature of the congested diffuse structure at shorter wavelengths in the excitation spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 32001, Taiwan
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MATSUZAWA H, NAKAI R, UI K, KOURA N, LING G. Structure of SnCl 2-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ambient-Temperature Molten Salt using Density Functional Theory Calculation and Raman Spectroscopy. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.73.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori MATSUZAWA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology
| | - Ryo NAKAI
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Koichi UI
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Nobuyuki KOURA
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Guoping LING
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University
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Spectroscopy with lasers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-06334-x_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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9
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Hilpert K, Roszak S, Saloni J, Miller M, Lipkowski P, Leszczynski J. The Dimerization of SnCl2(g): Mass Spectrometric and Theoretical Studies. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1286-94. [PMID: 16833442 DOI: 10.1021/jp0460691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The vaporization of SnCl2(s) was investigated in the temperature range between 382 and 504 K by the use of Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. The Sn+, SnCl+, SnCl2+, Sn2Cl3+, and Sn2Cl4+ ions were detected in the mass spectrum of the equilibrium vapor. The SnCl2(g) and Sn2Cl4(g) gaseous species were identified, and their partial pressures were determined. The structure and vibrational properties of both species and corresponding fragmentation products were studied applying density functional theory and second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theoretical approaches. Molecular parameters yielded thermodynamic functions by the use of statistical thermodynamics. The sublimation enthalpies of SnCl2(g) and Sn2Cl4(g) at 298 K resulting from the second- and third-law methods are evaluated as 130.9 +/- 6.2 kJ mol(-1) and 155.8 +/- 7.3 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The enthalpy changes of the dissociation reactions Sn2Cl4(g) = 2 SnCl2(g) were obtained as delta(d)H degrees(298) = 106.8 +/- 6.2 kJ mol(-1). The corresponding theoretical value amounts to 103.4 kJ mol(-1). The change of monomer properties due to the dimerization reaction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hilpert
- Institute for Materials and Processes in Energy Systems, Research Center Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Kolonits M, Réffy B, Jancsó G, Hargittai M. Molecular Structure and Thermochemistry of Tin Dibromide Monomers and Dimers. A Computational and Electron Diffraction Study. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048667l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Kolonits
- Structural Chemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary, and KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Budapest H-1525, Hungary
| | - Balázs Réffy
- Structural Chemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary, and KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Budapest H-1525, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Structural Chemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary, and KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Budapest H-1525, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Hargittai
- Structural Chemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary, and KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Budapest H-1525, Hungary
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Saloni J, Roszak S, Miller M, Hilpert K, Leszczynski J. Sn2BrxI4-x(g) and Sn2BryI3-y+ (x = 0−4, y = 0−3) Species: Mass Spectrometric Evidence and Quantum-Chemical Studies. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036866j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Saloni
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Metallurgy of Rare Elements, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Materials and Processes in Energy Systems, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and Computational Centre for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - S. Roszak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Metallurgy of Rare Elements, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Materials and Processes in Energy Systems, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and Computational Centre for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - M. Miller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Metallurgy of Rare Elements, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Materials and Processes in Energy Systems, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and Computational Centre for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - K. Hilpert
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Metallurgy of Rare Elements, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Materials and Processes in Energy Systems, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and Computational Centre for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
| | - J. Leszczynski
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Metallurgy of Rare Elements, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland, Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Materials and Processes in Energy Systems, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and Computational Centre for Molecular Structure and Interactions, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217
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12
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Levy JB, Jancsó G, Hargittai M. Structure and Thermodynamics of the Tin Dichloride DimerA Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036125i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack B. Levy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, POB 49, Budapest H-1525, Hungary, and Structural Chemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Eötvös University, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, POB 49, Budapest H-1525, Hungary, and Structural Chemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Eötvös University, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Hargittai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, POB 49, Budapest H-1525, Hungary, and Structural Chemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Eötvös University, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary
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Ozin GA, Huber H, McIntosh D. Metal atom chemistry and surface chemistry: (carbon dioxide)silver, Ag(CO2). A localized bonding model for weakly chemisorbed carbon dioxide on bulk silver. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50184a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Millimeter-wave spectrum of germanium dichloride GeCl2. Equilibrium structure and anharmonic force field. J Mol Struct 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(95)08830-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Giricheva NI, Girichev GV, Shlykov SA, Titov VA, Chusova TP. The joint gas electron diffraction and mass spectrometric study of GeI4(g) + Ge(s) system. Molecular structure of germanium diiodide. J Mol Struct 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(94)08408-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Karolczak J, Zhuo Q, Clouthier DJ, Davis WM, Goddard JD. Direct laser‐induced emission detection of the S1 and T1 states of germanium dichloride: Pyrolysis jet spectroscopy and ab initio studies. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ermakov K, Butayev B, Spiridonov V. Application of Schwinger perturbation theory in electron diffraction analysis Part II. Bent XY2-type molecules. J Mol Struct 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(91)85009-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Ramondo F, Rossi V, Bencivenni L. Molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of lead and tin dihalides: a SCF study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(89)85029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Ricart J, Rubio J, Illas F. Molecular structure, vibrational frequencies and ionization potential of tin dihalides. Chem Phys Lett 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(86)80056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nasarenko A, Spiridonov V, Butayev B, Zasorin E. Second-order perturbation approach to anharmonic analysis of molecules by electron diffraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(85)87004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Jodl HJ, Bolduan F. Raman spectroscopy at high pressures applied to the fundamental vibration of N2 in solid argon and nitrogen. J Chem Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1063/1.443459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vajda E, Hargittai I, Kolonits M, Ujszászy K, Tamás J, Maltsev A, Mikaelian R, Nefedov O. The preparation and electron diffraction study of dichlorogermylene in the vapour phase. J Organomet Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)91969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Guillory WA, Isabel RJ, Smith GR. The bonding, structure, and photochemistry of some stable and unstable germanium species. J Mol Struct 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(73)85126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kündig P, Moskovits M, Ozin G. Matrix isolation laser Raman spectroscopy: a Raman and infrared spectral study including Raman polarisation data for the co-condensation reaction of Pd. J Mol Struct 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2860(72)80063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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