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Ferrari P, Janssens E, Lievens P, Hansen K. Radiative cooling of size-selected gas phase clusters. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2019.1678929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Ferrari
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Lievens
- Quantum Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klavs Hansen
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Chandrasekaran V, Prabhakaran A, Kafle B, Rubinstein H, Heber O, Rappaport M, Toker Y, Zajfman D. Formation and stabilization of C6− by radiative electron attachment. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4977059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayanand Chandrasekaran
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aneesh Prabhakaran
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Bhim Kafle
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hilel Rubinstein
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Heber
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael Rappaport
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoni Toker
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel Zajfman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Chandrasekaran V, Kafle B, Prabhakaran A, Heber O, Rappaport M, Rubinstein H, Schwalm D, Toker Y, Zajfman D. [Not Available]. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4078-82. [PMID: 26278935 DOI: 10.1021/jz502100z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayanand Chandrasekaran
- †Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Bhim Kafle
- †Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Aneesh Prabhakaran
- †Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Heber
- †Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Michael Rappaport
- †Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hilel Rubinstein
- †Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dirk Schwalm
- †Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- ‡Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yoni Toker
- †Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel Zajfman
- †Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Ito G, Furukawa T, Tanuma H, Matsumoto J, Shiromaru H, Majima T, Goto M, Azuma T, Hansen K. Cooling dynamics of photoexcited C6(-) and C6H(-). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:183001. [PMID: 24856693 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report conclusive evidence of an efficient cooling mechanism via the electronic radiative transitions of hot small molecular anions isolated in vacuum. We stored C6(-) and C6H(-) in an ion storage ring and observed laser-induced electron detachment with delays up to several milliseconds. The terminal hydrogen atom caused a drastic change in the decay profiles. The decay of photoexcited C6H(-) is slow and nonexponential, which can be explained by depletion cooling, whereas that for C6(-) occurs extremely fast, on a time scale below 0.1 ms and can only be explained by electronic radiative cooling via low-lying electronic excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ito
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - T Furukawa
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - H Tanuma
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - J Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - H Shiromaru
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - T Majima
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan and Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - M Goto
- Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Azuma
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan and Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Hansen
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Sanov A. Laboratory-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions in Anion Photodetachment: Insight into Electronic Structure and Intermolecular Interactions. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2014; 65:341-63. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041;
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6
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Guo XG, Zhang JL, Zhao Y. Ab initio characterization of size dependence of electronic spectra for linear anionic carbon clusters C(n) (-) (n = 4-17). J Comput Chem 2012; 33:93-102. [PMID: 21968891 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we determine the ground-state equilibrium geometries of the linear anionic carbon clusters C n- (n = 4-17) by means of the density functional theory B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, and coupled cluster CCSD(T) calculations, as well as their electronic spectra obtained by the multireference second-order perturbation theory CASPT2 method. These studies indicate that these linear anions possess doublet ²∏(g) or ²∏(u) ground state, and the even-numbered clusters are generally acetylenic, whereas the odd-numbered ones are essentially cumulenic. The energy differences, electron affinities, and incremental binding energies of C n- chains all exhibit a notable tread of parity alternation, with n-even chains being more stable than n-odd ones. In addition, the predicted vertical excitation energies from the ground state to four low-lying excited states are in reasonably good agreement with the available experimental observations, and the calculations for the higher excited electronic transitions can provide accurate information for the experimentalists and spectroscopists. Interestingly, the absorption wavelengths of the 1²∏(u/g) ← X²∏(g/u) transitions of the n-even clusters show a nonlinear trend of exponential growth, whereas those of the n-odd counterparts are found to obey a linear relationship as a function of the chain size, as shown experimentally. Moreover, the absorption wavelengths of the transitions to the higher excited states of C n- series have the similar linear size dependence as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Geng Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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9
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Ehrler OT, Yang JP, Sugiharto AB, Unterreiner AN, Kappes MM. Excited state dynamics of metastable phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonate tetra-anions probed by pump/probe photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:184301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2780842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Form NT, Whitaker BJ, Poisson L, Soep B. Time-resolved photoion and photoelectron imaging of NO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2925-32. [PMID: 16880904 DOI: 10.1039/b602825j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoion and photoelectron velocity mapped images from NO(2) excited close to its first dissociation limit [to NO(X(2)Pi) + O((3)P(2))] have been recorded in a two colour pump-probe experiment, using the frequency-doubled and frequency-tripled output of a regeneratively amplified titanium-sapphire laser. At least three processes are responsible for the observed transient signals; a negative pump-probe signal (corresponding to a 266 nm pump), a very short-lived transient close to the cross-correlation of the pump and probe pulses but on the 400 nm pump side, and a longer-lived positive pump-probe signal that exhibits a signature of wavepacket motion (oscillations). These transients have two main origins; multiphoton excitation of the Rydberg states of NO(2) by both 266 and 400 nm light, and electronic relaxation in the 1(2)B(2) state of NO(2), which leads to a quasi-dissociated NO(2) high in the 1(2)A(1) electronic ground state and just below the dissociation threshold. The wavepacket motion that we observe is ascribed to states exhibiting free rotation of the O atom about the NO moiety. These states, which are common for loosely bound systems such as a van der Waals complex but unusual for a chemically-bound molecule, have previously been observed in the frequency domain by optical double resonance spectroscopy but never before in the time domain.
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Verlet JRR, Kammrath A, Griffin GB, Neumark DM. Electron solvation in water clusters following charge transfer from iodide. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:231102. [PMID: 16392904 DOI: 10.1063/1.2137314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics following charge transfer to solvent from iodide to a water cluster are studied using time-resolved photoelectron imaging of I-(H2O)n and I-(D2O)n clusters with n< or =28. The results show spontaneous conversion, on a time scale of approximately 1 ps, from water cluster anions with surface-bound electrons to structures in which the excess electron is more strongly bound and possibly more internalized within the solvent network. The resulting dynamics provide valuable insight into the electron solvation dynamics in water clusters and the relative stabilities between recently observed isomers of water cluster anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Bragg AE, Verlet JRR, Kammrath A, Cheshnovsky O, Neumark DM. Electronic Relaxation Dynamics of Water Cluster Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:15283-95. [PMID: 16248671 DOI: 10.1021/ja052811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic relaxation dynamics of water cluster anions, (H(2)O)(n)(-), have been studied with time-resolved photoelectron imaging. In this investigation, the excess electron was excited through the p<--s transition with an ultrafast laser pulse, with subsequent electronic evolution monitored by photodetachment. All excited-state lifetimes exhibit a significant isotope effect (tau(D)2(O)/tau(H)2(O) approximately 2). Additionally, marked dynamical differences are found for two classes of water cluster anions, isomers I and II, previously assigned as clusters with internally solvated and surface-bound electrons, respectively. Isomer I clusters with n > or = 25 decay exclusively by internal conversion, with relaxation times that extrapolate linearly with 1/n toward an internal conversion lifetime of 50 fs in bulk water. Smaller isomer I clusters (13 < or = n < or = 25) decay through a combination of excited-state autodetachment and internal conversion. The relaxation of isomer II clusters shows no significant size dependence over the range of n = 60-100, with autodetachment an important decay channel following excitation of these clusters. Photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) were measured for isomer I and isomer II clusters. The large differences in dynamical trends, relaxation mechanisms, and PADs between large isomer I and isomer II clusters are consistent with their assignment to very different electron binding motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur E Bragg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Suzuki YI, Seideman T. Mapping rotational coherences onto time-resolved photoelectron imaging observables. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:234302. [PMID: 16008436 DOI: 10.1063/1.1926282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the information content of time-resolved photoelectron imaging, a potentially powerful pump-probe technique whose popularity has been rapidly growing in recent years. To that end, we identify a mapping of the alignment properties of time-evolving wave packets onto the moments of the photoelectron images and investigate its origin and consequences theoretically and numerically.
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Bragg AE, Verlet JRR, Kammrath A, Cheshnovsky O, Neumark DM. Time-resolved intraband electronic relaxation dynamics of Hgn− clusters (n=7–13,15,18) excited at 1.0 eV. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:54314. [PMID: 15740329 DOI: 10.1063/1.1828042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging has been used to study the relaxation dynamics of small Hg(n) (-) clusters (n=7-13,15,18) following intraband electronic excitation at 1250 nm (1.0 eV). This study furthers our previous investigation of single electron, intraband relaxation dynamics in Hg(n) (-) clusters at 790 nm by exploring the dynamics of smaller clusters (n=7-10), as well as those of larger clusters (n=11-13,15,18) at a lower excitation energy. We measure relaxation time scales of 2-9 ps, two to three times faster than seen previously after 790 nm excitation of Hg(n) (-), n=11-18. These results, along with size-dependent trends in the absorption cross-section and photoelectron angular distribution anisotropy, suggest significant evolution of the cluster anion electronic structure in the size range studied here. Furthermore, the smallest clusters studied here exhibit 35-45 cm(-1) oscillations in pump-probe signal at earliest temporal delays that are interpreted as early coherent nuclear motion on the excited potential energy surfaces of these clusters. Evidence for evaporation of one or two Hg atoms is seen on a time scale of tens of picoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur E Bragg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Verlet JRR, Bragg AE, Kammrath A, Cheshnovsky O, Neumark DM. Observation of Large Water-Cluster Anions with Surface-Bound Excess Electrons. Science 2005; 307:93-6. [PMID: 15604360 DOI: 10.1126/science.1106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Anionic water clusters have long been studied to infer properties of the bulk hydrated electron. We used photoelectron imaging to characterize a class of (H2O)n- and (D2O)n- cluster anions (n </= 200 molecules) with vertical binding energies that are significantly lower than those previously recorded. The data are consistent with a structure in which the excess electron is bound to the surface of the cluster. This result implies that the excess electron in previously observed water-cluster anions, with higher vertical binding energies, was internally solvated. Thus, the properties of those clusters could be extrapolated to those of the bulk hydrated electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Rathbone GJ, Sanford T, Andrews D, Lineberger WC. Photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of Cu−(H2O)1,2 anion complexes. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Verlet JRR, Bragg AE, Kammrath A, Cheshnovsky O, Neumark DM. Time-resolved relaxation dynamics of Hgn− (11⩽n⩽16,n=18) clusters following intraband excitation at 1.5 eV. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:10015-25. [PMID: 15549877 DOI: 10.1063/1.1809573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-nuclear relaxation dynamics are studied in Hg(n) (-) (11 <or= n <or= 16,n = 18) using time-resolved photoelectron imaging. The excess electron in the anion uniquely occupies the p band and is excited intraband by 1.53 eV pump photons; the subsequent dynamics are monitored by photodetachment at 3.06 eV and measurement of the photoelectron images as a function of pump-probe delay. The initially excited state decays on a time scale of approximately 10 ps, and subsequent relaxation dynamics reveal a smooth evolution of the photoelectron spectra towards lower electron kinetic energy over 50-100 ps. Qualitatively, the relaxation process is captured by a simple kinetic model assuming a series of radiationless transitions within a dense manifold of electronic states. All the clusters studied show similar dynamics with the exception of Hg(11) (-) in which the initially prepared state does not decay as quickly as the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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