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Mason JL, Folluo CN, Jarrold CC. More than little fragments of matter: Electronic and molecular structures of clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:200901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0054222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett L. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Carley N. Folluo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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2
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Nakamura M, Tarento RJ. Liquid-drop model for fragmentation of multiply charged mercury clusters. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:084312. [PMID: 29495763 DOI: 10.1063/1.5017289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The fragmentation of doubly and triply charged mercury clusters is theoretically studied to analyze an experiment performed by Katakuse's group at Osaka University [T. Satoh et al., J. Mass Spectrom. Soc. Jpn. 51, 391 (2003)]. The fission barrier is calculated using a liquid-drop model proposed by Echt et al. In the decay of doubly charged clusters, the barrier height is found to take the minimum value for nearly symmetric fission. On the other hand, in the decay of triply charged clusters, the barrier is the lowest for strongly asymmetric fission. These results well explain the product size distribution observed in the experiment. The appearance size for multiply charged clusters measured in the experiment is found to be the size where the fission barrier is equal to the monomer evaporation energy. These findings provide evidence that small mercury clusters behave like van der Waals clusters in the process of fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Physics Laboratory and Institute of Quantum Science, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8501, Japan
| | - René-Jean Tarento
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Univeristé Paris-Sud, Université de Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Sanov A. Laboratory-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions in Anion Photodetachment: Insight into Electronic Structure and Intermolecular Interactions. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2014; 65:341-63. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041;
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Mitrić R, Petersen J, Wohlgemuth M, Werner U, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Field-induced surface hopping method for probing transition state nonadiabatic dynamics of Ag3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8690-6. [PMID: 21483897 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the simulation of time-resolved photoelectron spectra of Ag(3) involving excitation from the linear transition state, where nonadiabatic relaxation takes place in a complex manifold of electronic states. Thus, we address ultrafast processes reachable by negative ion-to neutral-to positive ion (NeNePo) spectroscopy starting from the linear Ag anionic species. For this purpose we use our newly developed field-induced surface hopping method (FISH) augmented for the description of photoionization processes. Furthermore we employ our method for nonadiabatic molecular dynamics "on the fly" in the framework of time-dependent density functional theory generalized for open shell systems. Our presented approach is generally applicable for the prediction of time-resolved photoelectron spectra and their analysis in systems with complex electronic structure as well as many nuclear degrees freedom. This theoretical development should serve to stimulate new ultrafast experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Mitrić
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Fuji T, Suzuki YI, Horio T, Suzuki T, Mitrić R, Werner U, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Ultrafast photodynamics of furan. J Chem Phys 2011; 133:234303. [PMID: 21186867 DOI: 10.1063/1.3518441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast photodynamics of furan has been studied by time-resolved photoelectron imaging (TRPEI) spectroscopy with an unprecedented time resolution of 22 fs. The simulation of the time-dependent photoelectron kinetic energy distribution (PKED) has been performed with ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics "on the fly" in the frame of time-dependent density functional theory. Based on the agreement between experimental and theoretical time-dependent photoelectron signal intensity as well as on PKED, precise time scales of ultrafast internal conversion from S(2) over S(1) to the ground state S(0) of furan have been revealed for the first time. Upon initial excitation of the S(2) state which has π-π* character, a nonadiabatic transition to the S(1) state occurs within 10 fs. Subsequent dynamics invokes the excitation of the C-O stretching and C-O-C out of plane vibrations which lead to the internal conversion to the ground state after 60 fs. Thus, we demonstrate that the TRPEI combined with high level nonadiabatic dynamics calculations provide fundamental insight into ultrafast photodynamics of chemically and biologically relevant chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Fuji
- Chemical Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Horke DA, Verlet JRR. Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of the chloranil radical anion: ultrafast relaxation of electronically excited electron acceptor states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19546-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22237f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Mitrić R, Petersen J, Wohlgemuth M, Werner U, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Wöste L, Jortner J. Time-Resolved Femtosecond Photoelectron Spectroscopy by Field-Induced Surface Hopping. J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:3755-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106355n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Mitrić
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Jens Petersen
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Wohlgemuth
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Werner
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Split, Meštrovićevo Šetalište bb., HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ludger Wöste
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Joshua Jortner
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Griffin GB, Ehrler OT, Kammrath A, Young RM, Cheshnovsky O, Neumark DM. Auger recombination and excited state relaxation dynamics in Hg(n)(-) (n=9-20) anion clusters. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:231103. [PMID: 19548702 DOI: 10.1063/1.3149562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging, electron-hole pairs are created in size-selected Hg(n)(-) anion clusters (n=9-20), and the subsequent decay dynamics are measured. These clusters eject electrons via Auger decay on time scales of 100-600 fs. There is an abrupt increase in the Auger decay time for clusters larger than Hg(12)(-), coinciding with the onset of the transition from van der Waals to covalent bonding in mercury clusters. Our results also show evidence for subpicosecond excited state relaxation attributed to inelastic electron-electron and electron-hole scattering as well as hole-induced contraction of the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham B Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Ferrando R, Jellinek J, Johnston RL. Nanoalloys: From Theory to Applications of Alloy Clusters and Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2008; 108:845-910. [PMID: 18335972 DOI: 10.1021/cr040090g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1716] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ferrando
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Genova, INFM and IMEM/CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, I16146, Italy, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Julius Jellinek
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Genova, INFM and IMEM/CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, I16146, Italy, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Roy L. Johnston
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Genova, INFM and IMEM/CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova, I16146, Italy, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Verlet JRR. Femtosecond spectroscopy of cluster anions: insights into condensed-phase phenomena from the gas-phase. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 37:505-17. [PMID: 18224260 DOI: 10.1039/b700528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast spectroscopy allows chemical and physical processes to be observed on time-scales faster than the nuclear motion within molecules. This tutorial review explores how such experiments, and specifically time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy on gas-phase cluster anions, provide a molecular-level understanding of the processes that are normally associated with condensed-phase dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham, UK.
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Ehrler OT, Yang JP, Sugiharto AB, Unterreiner AN, Kappes MM. Excited state dynamics of metastable phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonate tetra-anions probed by pump/probe photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:184301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2780842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Stanzel J, Burmeister F, Neeb M, Eberhardt W, Mitrić R, Bürgel C, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Size-dependent dynamics in excited states of gold clusters: From oscillatory motion to photoinduced melting. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:164312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2795727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bragg AE, Verlet JRR, Kammrath A, Cheshnovsky O, Neumark DM. Electronic Relaxation Dynamics of Water Cluster Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:15283-95. [PMID: 16248671 DOI: 10.1021/ja052811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic relaxation dynamics of water cluster anions, (H(2)O)(n)(-), have been studied with time-resolved photoelectron imaging. In this investigation, the excess electron was excited through the p<--s transition with an ultrafast laser pulse, with subsequent electronic evolution monitored by photodetachment. All excited-state lifetimes exhibit a significant isotope effect (tau(D)2(O)/tau(H)2(O) approximately 2). Additionally, marked dynamical differences are found for two classes of water cluster anions, isomers I and II, previously assigned as clusters with internally solvated and surface-bound electrons, respectively. Isomer I clusters with n > or = 25 decay exclusively by internal conversion, with relaxation times that extrapolate linearly with 1/n toward an internal conversion lifetime of 50 fs in bulk water. Smaller isomer I clusters (13 < or = n < or = 25) decay through a combination of excited-state autodetachment and internal conversion. The relaxation of isomer II clusters shows no significant size dependence over the range of n = 60-100, with autodetachment an important decay channel following excitation of these clusters. Photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) were measured for isomer I and isomer II clusters. The large differences in dynamical trends, relaxation mechanisms, and PADs between large isomer I and isomer II clusters are consistent with their assignment to very different electron binding motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur E Bragg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Suzuki YI, Seideman T. Mapping rotational coherences onto time-resolved photoelectron imaging observables. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:234302. [PMID: 16008436 DOI: 10.1063/1.1926282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the information content of time-resolved photoelectron imaging, a potentially powerful pump-probe technique whose popularity has been rapidly growing in recent years. To that end, we identify a mapping of the alignment properties of time-evolving wave packets onto the moments of the photoelectron images and investigate its origin and consequences theoretically and numerically.
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Abstract
This critical review is intended to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in femtosecond laser technology and recent applications in ultrafast gas phase chemical dynamics. Although "femtochemistry" is not a new subject, there have been some tremendous advances in experimental techniques during the last few years. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ultrafast electron diffraction have enabled us to observe molecular dynamics through a wider window. Attosecond laser sources, which have so far only been exploited in atomic physics, have the potential to probe chemical dynamics on an even faster timescale and observe the motions of electrons. Huge progress in pulse shaping and pulse characterisation methodology is paving the way for exciting new advances in the field of coherent control.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Carley
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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