1
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Weick F, Hagmeyer N, Giraud M, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Wagenknecht HA. Reductive Activation of Aryl Chlorides by Tuning the Radical Cation Properties of N-Phenylphenothiazines as Organophotoredox Catalysts. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302347. [PMID: 37589486 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Aryl chlorides as substrates for arylations present a particular challenge for photoredox catalytic activation due to their strong C(sp2 )-Cl bond and their strong reduction potential. Electron-rich N-phenylphenothiazines, as organophotoredox catalysts, are capable of cleaving aryl chlorides simply by photoinduced electron transfer without the need for an additional electrochemical activation setup or any other advanced photocatalysis technique. Due to the extremely strong reduction potential in the excited state of the N-phenylphenothiazines the substrate scope is high and includes aryl chlorides both with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents. We evidence this reactivity for photocatalytic borylations and phosphonylations. Advanced time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with electrochemistry was the key to elucidating and comparing the unusual photophysical properties not only of the N-phenylphenothiazines, but also of their cation radicals as the central intermediates in the photocatalytic cycle. The revealed photophysics allowed the excited-state and radical-cation properties to be fine-tuned by the molecular design of the N-phenylphenothiazines; this improved the photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Weick
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nina Hagmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Madeleine Giraud
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Whaley-Mayda L, Guha A, Tokmakoff A. Multimode vibrational dynamics and orientational effects in fluorescence-encoded infrared spectroscopy. II. Analysis of early-time signals. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:194202. [PMID: 37966136 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing fluorescence-encoded infrared (FEIR) vibrational spectroscopy for single-molecule applications requires a detailed understanding of how the molecular response and external experimental parameters manifest in the detected signals. In Paper I [L. Whaley-Mayda, A. Guha, and A. Tokmakoff, J. Chem. Phys. 159, 194201 (2023)] we introduced a nonlinear response function theory to describe vibrational dynamics, vibronic coupling, and transition dipole orientation in FEIR experiments with ultrashort pulses. In this second paper, we apply the theory to investigate the role of intermode vibrational coherence, the orientation of vibrational and electronic transition dipoles, and the effects of finite pulse durations in experimental measurements. We focus on measurements at early encoding delays-where signal sizes are largest and therefore of most value for single-molecule experiments, but where many of these phenomena are most pronounced and can complicate the appearance of data. We compare experiments on coumarin dyes with finite-pulse response function simulations to explain the time-dependent behavior of FEIR spectra. The role of the orientational response is explored by analyzing polarization-dependent experiments and their ability to resolve relative dipole angles in the molecular frame. This work serves to demonstrate the molecular information content of FEIR experiments, and develop insight and guidelines for their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Whaley-Mayda
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Abhirup Guha
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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3
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van Stokkum IHM, Weißenborn J, Weigand S, Snellenburg JJ. Pyglotaran: a lego-like Python framework for global and target analysis of time-resolved spectra. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2413-2431. [PMID: 37523126 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of molecular systems can be studied with time-resolved spectroscopy combined with model-based analysis. A Python framework for global and target analysis of time-resolved spectra is introduced with the help of three case studies. The first study, concerning broadband absorption of intersystem crossing in 4-thiothymidine, demonstrates the framework's ability to resolve vibrational wavepackets with a time resolution of ≈10 fs using damped oscillations and their associated spectra and phases. Thereby, a parametric description of the "coherent artifact" is crucial. The second study addresses multichromophoric systems composed of two perylene bisimide chromophores. Here, pyglotaran's guidance spectra and lego-like model composition enable the integration of spectral and kinetic properties of the parent chromophores, revealing a loss process, the undesired production of a radical pair, that reduces the light harvesting efficiency. In the third, time-resolved emission case study of whole photosynthetic cells, a megacomplex containing ≈500 chromophores of five different types is described by a combination of the kinetic models for its elements. As direct fitting of the data by theoretical simulation is unfeasible, our global and target analysis methodology provides a useful 'middle ground' where the theoretical description and the fit of the experimental data can meet. The pyglotaran framework enables the lego-like creation of kinetic models through its modular design and seamless integration with the rich Python ecosystem, particularly Jupyter notebooks. With extensive documentation and a robust validation framework, pyglotaran ensures accessibility and reliability for researchers, serving as an invaluable tool for understanding complex molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jörn Weißenborn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Weigand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joris J Snellenburg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Brückmann J, Müller C, Friedländer I, Mengele AK, Peneva K, Dietzek‐Ivanšić B, Rau S. Photocatalytic Reduction of Nicotinamide Co-factor by Perylene Sensitized Rh III Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201931. [PMID: 35920047 PMCID: PMC9825842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ambitious goal of artificial photosynthesis is to develop active systems that mimic nature and use light to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Intramolecular design concepts are particularly promising. Herein, we firstly present an intramolecular photocatalyst integrating a perylene-based light-harvesting moiety and a catalytic rhodium center (RhIII phenPer). The excited-state dynamics were investigated by means of steady-state and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy. The studies reveal that photoexcitation of RhIII phenPer yields the formation of a charge-separated intermediate, namely RhII phenPer⋅+ , that results in a catalytically active species in the presence of protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Brückmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany,Research Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
| | - Ilse Friedländer
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Alexander K. Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek‐Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany,Research Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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5
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Müller C, Pascher T, Eriksson A, Chabera P, Uhlig J. KiMoPack: A python Package for Kinetic Modeling of the Chemical Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4087-4099. [PMID: 35700393 PMCID: PMC9251768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we present
KiMoPack, an analysis tool for the kinetic modeling of transient spectroscopic data. KiMoPack
enables a state-of-the-art analysis routine including data preprocessing
and standard fitting (global analysis), as well as fitting of complex
(target) kinetic models, interactive viewing of (fit) results, and
multiexperiment analysis via user accessible functions and a graphical
user interface (GUI) enhanced interface. To facilitate its use, this
paper guides the user through typical operations covering a wide range
of analysis tasks, establishes a typical workflow and is bridging
the gap between ease of use for less experienced users and introducing
the advanced interfaces for experienced users. KiMoPack is open source
and provides a comprehensive front-end for preprocessing, fitting
and plotting of 2-dimensional data that simplifies the access to a
powerful python-based data-processing system
and forms the foundation for a well documented, reliable, and reproducible
data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Axl Eriksson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chabera
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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6
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Zedler L, Müller C, Wintergerst P, Mengele AK, Rau S, Dietzek‐Ivanšić B. Influence of the Linker Chemistry on the Photoinduced Charge‐Transfer Dynamics of Hetero‐dinuclear Photocatalysts. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200490. [PMID: 35481716 PMCID: PMC9325363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To optimize light‐driven catalytic processes, light‐mediated multi‐electron transfer dynamics in molecular dyads need to be studied and correlated with structural changes focusing on the catalytically active metastable intermediates. Here, spectro‐electrochemistry has been employed to investigate the structure‐dependent photoelectron transfer kinetics in catalytically active intermediates of two Ru−Rh catalysts for light‐driven NAD+ reduction. The excited‐state reactivity of short‐lived intermediates was studied along different photoreaction pathways by resonance Raman and time‐resolved transient absorption spectro‐electrochemistry with sub‐picosecond time resolution under operando conditions. The results demonstrate, for the first time, how the bridging ligand serves as a (multi‐)electron storage structure, mediates the strength of the electronic coupling of catalytic and photocenter and impacts the targeted electron transfer as well as parasitic electron‐transfer kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zedler
- Department Functional Interfaces Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Pascal Wintergerst
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Alexander K. Mengele
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek‐Ivanšić
- Department Functional Interfaces Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
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7
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Müller C, Wintergerst P, Nair SS, Meitinger N, Rau S, Dietzek-Ivansic B. Link to glow - iEDDA conjugation of a Ruthenium(II) tetrazine complex leading to dihydropyrazine and pyrazine complexes with improved 1O2 formation ability. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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8
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Dobryakov AL, Krohn OA, Quick M, Ioffe I, Kovalenko SA. Positive and Negative Signal and Line-Shape in Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy: Resonance Femtosecond Raman Spectra of Diphenylbutadiene. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0075116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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Excited state dynamics of Zn-salophen complexes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:923-934. [PMID: 35088368 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zn-salophen complexes are a promising class of fluorescent chemosensors for nucleotides and nucleic acids. We have investigated, by means of steady state UV-Vis, ultrafast transient absorption, fluorescence emission and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) the behavior of the excited states of a salicylidene tetradentate Schiff base (Sal), its Zn(II) coordination compound (Zn-Sal) and the effect of the interaction between Zn-Sal and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). TD-DFT shows that the deactivation of the excited state of Sal occurs through torsional motion, due to its rotatable bonds and twistable angles. Complexation with Zn(II) causes rigidity so that the geometry changes in the excited states with respect to the ground state structure are minimal. By addition of ADP to a freshly prepared Zn-Sal ethanol solution, a longer relaxation constant, in comparison to Zn-Sal, was measured, indicative of the interaction between Zn-Sal and ADP. After a few days, the Zn-Sal-ADP solution displayed the same static and dynamic behavior of a solution containing only the Sal ligand, demonstrating that the coordination of the ADP anion to Zn(II)leads to the demetallation of the Sal ligand. Fluorescence measurements also revealed an enhanced fluorescence at 375 nm following the addition of ADP to the solution, caused by the presence of 2,3-diamino naphthalene that is formed by demetallation and partial decomposition of the Sal ligand. The efficient fluorescence of this species at 375 nm could be selectively detected and used as a probe for the detection of ADP in solution.
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10
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A photosensitizer-polyoxometalate dyad that enables the decoupling of light and dark reactions for delayed on-demand solar hydrogen production. Nat Chem 2022; 14:321-327. [PMID: 35087218 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Decoupling the production of solar hydrogen from the diurnal cycle is a key challenge in solar energy conversion, the success of which could lead to sustainable energy schemes capable of delivering H2 independent of the time of day. Here, we report a fully integrated photochemical molecular dyad composed of a ruthenium-complex photosensitizer covalently linked to a Dawson polyoxometalate that acts as an electron-storage site and hydrogen-evolving catalyst. Visible-light irradiation of the system in solution leads to charge separation and electron storage on the polyoxometalate, effectively resulting in a liquid fuel. In contrast to related, earlier dyads, this system enables the harvesting, storage and delayed release of solar energy. On-demand hydrogen release is possible by adding a proton donor to the dyad solution. The system is a minimal molecular model for artificial photosynthesis and enables the spatial and temporal separation of light absorption, fuel storage and hydrogen release.
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11
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Müller C, Friedländer I, Bagemihl B, Rau S, Dietzek-Ivanšić B. The electron that breaks the catalyst's back - excited state dynamics in intermediates of molecular photocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27397-27403. [PMID: 34859807 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ spectroelectrochemical studies focussing on the Franck-Condon region and sub-ns electron transfer processes in Ru(II)-tpphz-Pt(II) based photocatalysts reveal that single-electron reduction effectively hinders intramolecular electron transfer between the photoexcited Ru chromophore and the Pt center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse Friedländer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bagemihl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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12
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Keil E, Malevich P, Hauer J. Achromatic frequency doubling of supercontinuum pulses for transient absorption spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:39042-39054. [PMID: 34809275 DOI: 10.1364/oe.442400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present achromatic frequency doubling of supercontinuum pulses from a hollow core fiber as a technique for obtaining tunable ultrashort pulses in the near UV and blue spectral range. Pulse energies are stable on a 1.1% level, averaged over 100 000 shots. By the use of conventional optics only, we compress a 0.2 µJ pulse at a center wavelength of 475 nm to a pulse duration of 12 fs, as measured by X-FROG. We test the capabilities of the approach by employing the ASHG-pulses as a pump in a transient absorption experiment on β-carotene in solution.
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13
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Müller C, Isakov D, Rau S, Dietzek B. Influence of the Protonation State on the Excited-State Dynamics of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Imidazole π-Extended Dipyridophenazine Ligands. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5911-5921. [PMID: 34190563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) complexes, like [(tbbpy)2Ru(dppz)]2+ (Ru-dppz; tbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, dppz = dipyrido-[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine), have emerged as suitable photosensitizers in photoredox catalysis. Since then, there has been ongoing interest in the design of π-extended Ru-dppz systems with red-shifted visible absorption maxima and sufficiently long-lived excited states independent of the solvent or pH value. Herein, we explore the photophysical properties of protonation isomers of the linearly π-extended [(tbbpy)2Ru(L)]2+-type complexes bearing a dppz ligand with directly fused imidazole (im) and methyl-imidazole units (mim) as L. Steady-state UV-vis absorption, resonance Raman, as well as time-resolved emission and transient absorption spectroscopy reveal that Ru-im and Ru-mim show desirable properties for the application in photocatalytic processes, i.e., strong visible absorbance and two long-lived excited states in the 3ILCT and 3MLCT manifold, at pH values between 3 and 12. However, protonation of the (methyl-)imidazole unit at pH ≤ 2 unit causes decreased excited-state lifetimes and an emission switch-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dajana Isakov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
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14
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Dana J, Haggag OS, Dehnel J, Mor M, Lifshitz E, Ruhman S. Testing the fate of nascent holes in CdSe nanocrystals with sub-10 fs pump-probe spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1982-1987. [PMID: 33443522 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that transient absorption spectra in core CdSe nanocrystals do not register state filling in 1Sh, an absence which has profound consequences in light-emitting applications. It has been assigned alternatively to rapid hole trapping, or to distribution over a dense degenerate valence band manifold which includes dark states. Here we attempt to observe early contributions of nascent holes to the bleaching of the band edge exciton transition by conducting 1Se1Sh pump-1Se1Sh probe spectroscopy with <10 fs laser pulses on organic ligand passivated CdSe crystals. The results show no rapidly hole-state filling effects in transient absorption measurements even at the earliest delay, despite the use of pulses which are capable of resolving all dissipation mechanisms reflected in the homogeneous 1Se1Sh bandwidth. This proves that neither hole trapping nor rapid redistribution of the nascent hole over energetically available valence band states can explain the absence of hole contributions to band edge bleaching, calling for a mechanistic review of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dana
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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15
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van Stokkum IHM, Jumper CC, Lee TS, Myahkostupov M, Castellano FN, Scholes GD. Vibronic and excitonic dynamics in perylenediimide dimers and tetramer. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224101. [PMID: 33317279 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-band pump-probe spectroscopy combined with global and target analysis is employed to study the vibronic and excitonic dynamics of two dimers and a tetramer of perylenediimides. A simultaneous analysis is developed for two systems that have been measured in the same conditions. This enhances the resolvability of the vibronic and excitonic dynamics of the systems, and the solvent contributions that are common in the experiments. We resolve two oscillations of 1399 cm-1 or 311 cm-1 damped with ≈30/ps involved in vibrational relaxation and two more oscillations of 537 cm-1 or 136 cm-1 damped with ≈3/ps. A relaxation process with a rate of 2.1/ps-3.2/ps that is positively correlated with the excitonic coupling was discovered in all three model systems, attributed to annihilation of the one but lowest exciton state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chanelle C Jumper
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Tia S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Myahkostupov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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16
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Kollenz P, Herten DP, Buckup T. Unravelling the Kinetic Model of Photochemical Reactions via Deep Learning. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6358-6368. [PMID: 32589422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopies have been playing an essential role in the elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms of light-driven processes, particularly in exploring relaxation models for electronically excited molecules. However, the determination of such models from experimentally obtained time-resolved and spectrally resolved data still demands a high degree of intuition, frequently poses numerical challenges, and is often not free from ambiguities. Here, we demonstrate the analysis of time-resolved laser spectroscopy data via a deep learning network to obtain the correct relaxation kinetic model. In its current design, the presented Deep Spectroscopy Kinetic Analysis Network (DeepSKAN) can predict kinetic models (involved states and relaxation pathways) consisting of up to five states, which results in 103 possible different classes, by estimating the probability of occurrence of a given kinetic model class. DeepSKAN was trained with synthetic time-resolved spectra spanning over 4 orders of magnitude in time with a unitless time axis, thereby demonstrating its potential as a universal approach for analyzing data from various time-resolved spectroscopy techniques in different time ranges. By adding the probabilities of each pathway of the top-k models normalized by the total probability, we can determine the relaxation pathways for a given data set with high certainty (up to 99%). Due to its architecture and training, DeepSKAN is robust against experimental noise and typical preanalysis errors like time-zero corrections. Application of DeepSKAN to experimental data is successfully demonstrated for three different photoinduced processes: transient absorption of the retinal isomerization, transient IR spectroscopy of the relaxation of the photoactivated DRONPA, and transient absorption of the dynamics in lycopene. This approach delivers kinetic models and could be a unifying asset in several areas of spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kollenz
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk-Peter Herten
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences & School of Chemistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B152TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Catone D, O’Keeffe P, Satta M, Paladini A, Ciavardini A, Toschi F, Turchini S, Avaldi L. A combined theoretical and experimental study of the ultrafast photophysics of Rhodamine B. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1464670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Catone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Rome, Italy
| | - Patrick O’Keeffe
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Satta
- CNR-ISMN, Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Rome Sapienza , Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Paladini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciavardini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Toschi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Turchini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Rome, Italy
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18
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Fratoddi I, Cartoni A, Venditti I, Catone D, O'Keeffe P, Paladini A, Toschi F, Turchini S, Sciubba F, Testa G, Battocchio C, Carlini L, Proietti Zaccaria R, Magnano E, Pis I, Avaldi L. Gold nanoparticles functionalized by rhodamine B isothiocyanate: A new tool to control plasmonic effects. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 513:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Balevičius V, Lincoln CN, Viola D, Cerullo G, Hauer J, Abramavicius D. Effects of tunable excitation in carotenoids explained by the vibrational energy relaxation approach. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:55-64. [PMID: 28741055 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are fundamental building blocks of natural light harvesters with convoluted and ultrafast energy deactivation networks. In order to disentangle such complex relaxation dynamics, several studies focused on transient absorption measurements and their dependence on the pump wavelength. However, such findings are inconclusive and sometimes contradictory. In this study, we compare internal conversion dynamics in [Formula: see text]-carotene, pumped at the first, second, and third vibronic progression peak. Instead of employing data fitting algorithms based on global analysis of the transient absorption spectra, we apply a fully quantum mechanical model to treat the high-frequency symmetric carbon-carbon (C=C and C-C) stretching modes explicitly. This model successfully describes observed population dynamics as well as spectral line shapes in their time-dependence and allows us to reach two conclusions: Firstly, the broadening of the induced absorption upon excess excitation is an effect of vibrational cooling in the first excited state ([Formula: see text]). Secondly, the internal conversion rate between the second excited state ([Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] crucially depends on the relative curve displacement. The latter point serves as a new perspective on solvent- and excitation wavelength-dependent experiments and lifts contradictions between several studies found in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Balevičius
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Craig N Lincoln
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gusshausstr. 27, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele Viola
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gusshausstr. 27, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Darius Abramavicius
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 9-III, 10222, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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20
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Schneider KRA, Traber P, Reichardt C, Weiss H, Kupfer S, Görls H, Gräfe S, Weigand W, Dietzek B. Unusually Short-Lived Solvent-Dependent Excited State in a Half-Sandwich Ru(II) Complex Induced by Low-Lying 3MC States. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1550-1559. [PMID: 29369626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A ruthenium complex with a half-sandwich geometry ([(p-cymene)Ru(Cl)(curcuminoid)]) was synthesized, characterized, and investigated regarding its ultrafast photophysics. These photophysical investigations of the complex revealed a weak and short-lived emission from the initially populated 1MLCT state and solvent-dependent photoinduced dynamics, where the secondarily populated 3MC state is stabilized by nonpolar solvents. Overall the decay of the 3dd-MC state to the ground state is completed within picoseconds. This short excited-state lifetime is in stark contrast to the typically observed long-lived 3MLCT states with lifetimes of nanoseconds or microseconds in unstrained, octahedral ruthenium complexes but is in good agreement with the findings for distorted octahedral complexes. This is pointing to the half-sandwich geometry as a new and easy approach to study these otherwise often concealed dd states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian R A Schneider
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) e. V. , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Christian Reichardt
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) e. V. , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) e. V. , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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21
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Nguyen TS, Koh JH, Lefelhocz S, Parkhill J. Black-Box, Real-Time Simulations of Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1590-1595. [PMID: 27064028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an atomistic, all-electron, black-box electronic structure code to simulate transient absorption (TA) spectra and apply it to simulate pyrazole and a GFP-chromophore derivative. The method is an application of OSCF2, our dissipative extension of time-dependent density functional theory. We compare our simulated spectra directly with recent ultrafast spectroscopic experiments. We identify features in the TA spectra to Pauli-blocking, which may be missed without a first-principles model. An important ingredient in this method is the stationary-TDDFT correction scheme recently put forward by Fischer, Govind, and Cramer that allows us to overcome a limitation of adiabatic TDDFT. We demonstrate that OSCF2 is able to reproduce the energies of bleaches and induced absorptions as well as the decay of the transient spectrum with only the molecular structure as input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triet S Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Joong Hoon Koh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Susan Lefelhocz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - John Parkhill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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22
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Quick M, Kasper MA, Richter C, Mahrwald R, Dobryakov AL, Kovalenko SA, Ernsting NP. β-Carotene Revisited by Transient Absorption and Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3824-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quick
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Marc-André Kasper
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Celin Richter
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Mahrwald
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Alexander L. Dobryakov
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Nikolaus P. Ernsting
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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23
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Herz J, Buckup T, Paulus F, Engelhart JU, Bunz UHF, Motzkus M. Unveiling Singlet Fission Mediating States in TIPS-pentacene and its Aza Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6602-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Herz
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 229, ‡Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, and §Centre
of Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 229, ‡Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, and §Centre
of Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 229, ‡Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, and §Centre
of Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Jens U. Engelhart
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 229, ‡Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, and §Centre
of Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 229, ‡Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, and §Centre
of Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Marcus Motzkus
- Physikalisch-Chemisches
Institut, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 229, ‡Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, and §Centre
of Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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24
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Wellman SMJ, Jockusch RA. Moving in on the Action: An Experimental Comparison of Fluorescence Excitation and Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6333-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M. J. Wellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rebecca A. Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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25
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Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Bassolino G, Taylor G, Watts A, Kukura P. Direct observation of the coherent nuclear response after the absorption of a photon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:238301. [PMID: 24972232 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.238301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
How molecules convert light energy to perform a specific transformation is a fundamental question in photophysics. Ultrafast spectroscopy reveals the kinetics associated with electronic energy flow, but little is known about how absorbed photon energy drives nuclear motion. Here we used ultrabroadband transient absorption spectroscopy to monitor coherent vibrational energy flow after photoexcitation of the retinal chromophore. In the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin, we observed coherent activation of hydrogen-out-of-plane wagging and backbone torsional modes that were replaced by unreactive coordinates in the solution environment, concomitant with a deactivation of the reactive relaxation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liebel
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Schnedermann
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Bassolino
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomembrane Structure Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - A Watts
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomembrane Structure Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - P Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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26
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Gelin MF, Domcke W. Simple recipes for separating excited-state absorption and cascading signals by polarization-sensitive measurements. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11509-13. [PMID: 24144338 DOI: 10.1021/jp409436z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dependence of four-wave mixing and six-wave mixing signals on the polarization of the laser pulses is analyzed. Assuming that the dipole moments of the electronic transitions are not all parallel, we show that the excited-state absorption signal can be separated from the total pump-probe signal by two measurements with different polarizations of the pump and probe pulses. We show, furthermore, that cascading (third-order) signals can be separated from the fifth-order signal by two polarization-sensitive six-wave mixing measurements. We provide simple explicit formulas that express the excited-state absorption and cascading contributions, respectively, in terms of polarization-sensitive signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München , D-85747 Garching, Germany
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27
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Abstract
To detect singlet oxygen ((1)O2), the commercially available fluorescent sensor named Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG) has been the most widely used from material studies to medical applications, for example, photodynamic therapy. In light of the previous studies, SOSG is a dyad composed of fluorescein and anthracene moieties. In the present study, we carried out quantitative studies on photochemical dynamics of SOSG for the first time, such as the occurrence of intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET), (1)O2 generation, and two-photon ionization. It was revealed that these relaxation pathways strongly depend on the irradiation conditions. The visible-light excitation (ex. 532 nm) of SOSG induced intramolecular PET as a major deactivation process (kPET = 9.7 × 10(11) s(-1)), resulting in fluorescence quenching. In addition, intersystem crossing occurred as a minor deactivation process that gave rise to (1)O2 generation via the bimolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer (kq = 1.2 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)). Meanwhile, ultraviolet-light excitation (355 nm) of SOSG caused the two-photon ionization to give a SOSG cation (Φion = 0.003 at 24 mJ cm(-2)), leading to SOSG decomposition to the final products. Our results clearly demonstrate the problems of SOSG, such as photodecomposition and (1)O2 generation. In fact, these are not special for SOSG but common drawbacks for most of the fluorescein-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Kim
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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28
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Liebel M, Kukura P. Broad-Band Impulsive Vibrational Spectroscopy of Excited Electronic States in the Time Domain. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1358-64. [PMID: 26282153 DOI: 10.1021/jz4004203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that transient absorption spectroscopy performed with an ultrashort pump pulse and a chirped, broad-band probe pulse is capable of recording full vibrational spectra of excited electronic states in the time domain. The resulting spectra do not suffer from the nontrivial baselines and line shapes often encountered in frequency domain techniques and enable optimal and automated subtraction of background signatures. Probing the molecular dynamics continuously over a broad energy bandwidth makes it possible to confidently assign the vibrational coherences to specific electronic states and suggests the existence of mode-specific absorption spectra reminiscent of resonance Raman intensity analysis. The first observation of the nominally forbidden one-photon ground to first excited electronic state transition in β-carotene demonstrates the high sensitivity of our approach. Our results provide a first glimpse of the immense potential of broad-band impulsive vibrational spectroscopy (BB-IVS) to study ultrafast chemical reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matz Liebel
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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29
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Röttger K, Schwalb NK, Temps F. Electronic Deactivation of Guanosine in Extended Hydrogen-Bonded Self-Assemblies. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2469-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3095193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Röttger
- Institut für
Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr.
40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina K. Schwalb
- Institut für
Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr.
40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Friedrich Temps
- Institut für
Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr.
40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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30
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Renth F, Siewertsen R, Temps F. Enhanced photoswitching and ultrafast dynamics in structurally modified photochromic fulgides. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.729331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ruckebusch C, Sliwa M, Pernot P, de Juan A, Tauler R. Comprehensive data analysis of femtosecond transient absorption spectra: A review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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33
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Grilj J, Zonca C, Daku LML, Vauthey E. Photophysics of the galvinoxyl free radical revisited. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6352-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23577c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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34
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Singh C, Modak B, Mondal JA, Palit DK. Ultrafast Twisting Dynamics in the Excited State of Auramine. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8183-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandralekha Singh
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, ‡Theoretical Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Brindaban Modak
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, ‡Theoretical Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Jahur A. Mondal
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, ‡Theoretical Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Dipak K. Palit
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, ‡Theoretical Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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35
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Heidt AM, Hartung A, Bosman GW, Krok P, Rohwer EG, Schwoerer H, Bartelt H. Coherent octave spanning near-infrared and visible supercontinuum generation in all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3775-87. [PMID: 21369202 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the first detailed demonstrations of octave-spanning SC generation in all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fibers (ANDi PCF) in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The resulting spectral profiles are extremely flat without significant fine structure and with excellent stability and coherence properties. The key benefit of SC generation in ANDi PCF is the conservation of a single ultrashort pulse in the time domain with smooth and recompressible phase distribution. For the first time we confirm the exceptional temporal properties of the generated SC pulses experimentally and demonstrate their applicability in ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations, which are used to illustrate the SC generation dynamics by self-phase modulation and optical wave breaking. To our knowledge, we present the broadest spectra generated in the normal dispersion regime of an optical fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Heidt
- Laser Research Institute, Physics Department, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7604, South Africa.
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Lohse PW, Kuhnt J, Druzhinin SI, Scholz M, Ekimova M, Oekermann T, Lenzer T, Oum K. Ultrafast photoinduced relaxation dynamics of the indoline dye D149 in organic solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19632-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Oum K, Lohse P, Ehlers F, Scholz M, Kopczynski M, Lenzer T. 12′-Apo-β-carotin-12′-al: ein ultraschnelles “Spionage”-Molekül für die Untersuchung lokaler Wechselwirkungen in ionischen Flüssigkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Oum K, Lohse P, Ehlers F, Scholz M, Kopczynski M, Lenzer T. 12′-Apo-β-caroten-12′-al: An Ultrafast “Spy” Molecule for Probing Local Interactions in Ionic Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2230-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Dallmann A, Pfaffe M, Mügge C, Mahrwald R, Kovalenko SA, Ernsting NP. Local THz Time Domain Spectroscopy of Duplex DNA via Fluorescence of an Embedded Probe. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:15619-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906037g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Dallmann
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Pfaffe
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Mügge
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Mahrwald
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
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41
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Dobryakov AL, Ernsting NP. Lineshapes for resonant impulsive stimulated Raman scattering with chirped pump and supercontinuum probe pulses. J Chem Phys 2009; 129:184504. [PMID: 19045411 DOI: 10.1063/1.3009221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular vibrational coherence from impulsive stimulated Raman (SR) scattering, as observed by broadband transient absorption spectroscopy, is treated within the well-known third-order perturbation formalism. Shaped femtosecond optical pulses are used for the pump and supercontinuum probe fields. Dephasing is assumed to be homogeneous in the Bloch approximation. A key step requires threefold time integration over response functions and electric fields. For well-separated pulses the triple integral can be solved analytically, resulting in lineshape functions. These allow to describe the SR signal through absorption/emission/dispersion profiles which are associated with the inherent contributions. A clear physical interpretation of the amplitude and phase of the oscillatory signal is thereby obtained, and a direct connection with the vibronic structure of the molecular system is provided. Calculations for model molecular systems illustrate the spectral dependence of the vibrational coherence seen, for example, with perylene in cyclohexane. The nonoscillatory and oscillatory parts of the transient absorption spectra are compared to each other. Observed mode beatings are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Dobryakov
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Brüggemann B, Persson P, Meyer HD, May V. Frequency dispersed transient absorption spectra of dissolved perylene: A case study using the density matrix version of the MCTDH method. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Dobryakov A, Pérez Lustres J, Kovalenko S, Ernsting N. Femtosecond transient absorption with chirped pump and supercontinuum probe: Perturbative calculation of transient spectra with general lineshape functions, and simplifications. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Karunakaran V, Pfaffe M, Ioffe I, Senyushkina T, Kovalenko SA, Mahrwald R, Fartzdinov V, Sklenar H, Ernsting NP. Solvation oscillations and excited-state dynamics of 2-amino- and 2-hydroxy-7-nitrofluorene and its 2'-deoxyriboside. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4294-307. [PMID: 18386856 DOI: 10.1021/jp712176m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull substituted fluorenes are considered for use as dynamic solvation probes in polynucleotides. Their fluorescence band is predicted (by simulations) to show weak spectral oscillations on the subpicosecond time scale depending on the nucleotide sequence. The oscillations reflect the local far-infrared spectrum of the environment around the probe molecule. A connection is provided by the continuum theory of polar solvation which, however, neglects molecular aspects. We examine the latter using acetonitrile solution as a test case. A collective librational solvent mode at 100 cm(-1) is observed with 2-amino-7-nitrofluorene, 2-dimethylamino-7-nitrofluorene, 2-hydroxy-7-nitrofluorene, and its 2'-deoxyriboside. Different strengths of the oscillation indicate that rotational friction of nearby acetonitrile molecules depends on the solute structure or that H bonding is involved in launching the librational coherence. Polar solvation in methanol is used for comparison. With hydroxynitrofluorenes, the observation window is limited by intersystem crossing for which rates are reported. A prominent excited-state absorption band of nitrofluorenes at 430 nm can be used to monitor polar solvation. Structural and electronic relaxation pathways are discussed with the help of quantum chemical calculations.
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Marcelli A, Foggi P, Moroni L, Gellini C, Salvi PR. Excited-State Absorption and Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics of Porphyrin, Diprotonated Porphyrin, and Tetraoxaporphyrin Dication. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1864-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710132s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Marcelli
- Laboratorio Europeo di Spettroscopie non Lineari (LENS), Universitá di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Foggi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Moroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Gellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Pier Remigio Salvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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46
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47
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Karunakaran V, Senyushkina T, Saroja G, Liebscher J, Ernsting NP. 2-Amino-7-nitro-fluorenes in Neat and Mixed SolventsOptical Band Shapes and Solvatochromism. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:10944-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp073844e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Karunakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Senyushkina
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ginagunta Saroja
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Liebscher
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus P. Ernsting
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Hauer J, Buckup T, Motzkus M. Pump-Degenerate Four Wave Mixing as a Technique for Analyzing Structural and Electronic Evolution: Multidimensional Time-Resolved Dynamics near a Conical Intersection. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:10517-29. [PMID: 17914765 DOI: 10.1021/jp073727j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pump-degenerate four wave mixing (pump-DFWM) is used to simultaneously study the early events in structural and electronic population dynamics of the non-adiabatic passage between two excited electronic states. After the precursor state S2 is populated by an initial pump beam, a DFWM sequence is set resonant with the S1 --> Sn transition on the successor state S1. The information obtained by pump-DFWM is two-fold: by scanning the delay between the initial pump and the DFWM sequence, the evolution of the individual excited-state modes is observed with a temporal resolution of 20 fs and a spectral resolution of 10 cm-1. Additionally, pump-DFWM yields information on electronic population dynamics, resulting in a comprehensive description of the S2 --> S1 internal conversion. As a system in which the interplay between structural and electronic evolution is of great interest, all-trans-beta-carotene in solution was chosen. The pump-DFWM signal is analyzed for different detection wavelengths, yielding results on the ultrafast dynamics between 1Bu+ (S2) and 2Ag- (S1). The process of vibrational cooling on S1 is discussed in detail. Furthermore, a low-lying vibrationally hot state is excited and characterized in its spectroscopic properties. The combination of highly resolved vibrational dynamics and simultaneously detected ultrafast electronic state spectroscopy gives a complete picture of the dynamics near a conical intersection. Because pump-DFWM is a pure time domain technique, it offers the prospect of coherent control of excited-state dynamics on an ultrafast time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Hauer
- Physikalische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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Buckup T, Lebold T, Weigel A, Wohlleben W, Motzkus M. Singlet versus triplet dynamics of β-carotene studied by quantum control spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Karunakaran V, Pérez Lustres JL, Zhao L, Ernsting NP, Seitz O. Large dynamic Stokes shift of DNA intercalation dye Thiazole Orange has contribution from a high-frequency mode. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:2954-62. [PMID: 16506775 DOI: 10.1021/ja056862n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence of the cyanine dye Thiazole Orange (TO) is quenched by intramolecular twisting in the excited state. In polypeptide nucleic acids, a vibrational progression in a 1400 cm(-1) mode depends on base pairing, from which follows that the high-frequency displacement is coupled to the twist coordinate. The coupling is intrinsic to TO. This is shown by femtosecond fluorescence upconversion and transient absorption spectroscopy with the dye in methanol solution. Narrow emission from the Franck-Condon state shifts to the red and broadens within 100 fs. The radiative rate does not decrease during this process. Vibrational structure builds up on a 200 fs time scale; it is assigned to asymmetric stretching activity in the methine bridge. Further Stokes shift and decay are observed over 2 ps. Emission from the global S(1) minimum is discovered in an extremely wide band around 12 000 cm(-1). As the structure twists away from the Franck-Condon region, the mode becomes more displaced and overlap with increasingly higher vibrational wave functions of the electronic ground state is achieved. Twisting motion is thus leveraged into a fast-shrinking effective energy gap between the two electronic states, and internal conversion ensues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Karunakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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