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Nguyen SC, Lomont JP, Caplins BW, Harris CB. Studying the Dynamics of Photochemical Reactions via Ultrafast Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of the Local Solvent. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2974-2978. [PMID: 26278245 DOI: 10.1021/jz501400t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional ultrafast spectroscopic studies on the dynamics of chemical reactions in solution directly probe the solute undergoing the reaction. We provide an alternative method for probing reaction dynamics via monitoring of the surrounding solvent. When the reaction exchanges the energy (in form of heat) with the solvent, the absorption cross sections of the solvent's infrared bands are sensitive to the heat transfer, allowing spectral tracking of the reaction dynamics. This spectroscopic technique was demonstrated to be able to distinguish the differing photoisomerization dynamics of the trans and cis isomers of stilbene in acetonitrile solution. We highlight the potential of this spectroscopic approach for studying the dynamics of chemical reactions or other heat transfer processes when probing the solvent is more experimentally feasible than probing the solute directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son C Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin P Lomont
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin W Caplins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Charles B Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Wu H, Sahu K, Berg MA. Multiple Population-Period Transient Spectroscopy (MUPPETS) of CdSe/ZnS Nanoparticles. II. Effects of High Fluence and Solvent Heating. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15272-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4057913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haorui Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
29208, United States
| | - Kalyanasis Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
29208, United States
| | - Mark A. Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
29208, United States
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Sahu K, Wu H, Berg MA. Multiple population-period transient spectroscopy (MUPPETS) of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles. I. Exciton and biexciton dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15257-71. [PMID: 23895366 DOI: 10.1021/jp405785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nonradiative relaxation of both the exciton and biexciton in CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles have complicated, nonexponential kinetics. This paper presents data on this system from multiple population-period transient spectroscopy (MUPPETS), a method for two-dimensional kinetics. An initial report of a dispersed (nonexponential) biexciton decay [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 1002] is confirmed in a more rigorous analysis. Additional transient-grating data allow a quantitative treatment of the full, complex MUPPETS data set. The MUPPETS signal has a strong fluence dependence. With extrapolation to the low fluence limit, the ratio of cross sections for ground-to-exciton and exciton-to-biexciton absorption is found to be close to the predictions of the uncorrelated-electron model. The full two-dimensional MUPPETS data set is reported for the first time and is analyzed to detect heterogeneity in the exciton decay. The exciton has a substantial (>40%) nonradiative decay, but it is not due to a subset of defective particles. A surface relaxation in response to formation of the exciton is suggested. This data set is the first capable of detecting correlations between the biexciton and exciton decay mechanism. None is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyanasis Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Zhang B, Stratt RM. Vibrational energy relaxation of large-amplitude vibrations in liquids. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:024506. [PMID: 22803546 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the limited intermolecular spaces available in dense liquids, the large amplitudes of highly excited, low frequency vibrational modes pose an interesting dilemma for large molecules in solution. We carry out molecular dynamics calculations of the lowest frequency ("warping") mode of perylene dissolved in liquid argon, and demonstrate that vibrational excitation of this mode should cause identifiable changes in local solvation shell structure. But while the same kinds of solvent structural rearrangements can cause the non-equilibrium relaxation dynamics of highly excited diatomic rotors in liquids to differ substantially from equilibrium dynamics, our simulations also indicate that the non-equilibrium vibrational energy relaxation of large-amplitude vibrational overtones in liquids should show no such deviations from linear response. This observation seems to be a generic feature of large-moment-arm vibrational degrees of freedom and is therefore probably not specific to our choice of model system: The lowest frequency (largest amplitude) cases probably dissipate energy too quickly and the higher frequency (more slowly relaxing) cases most likely have solvent displacements too small to generate significant nonlinearities in simple nonpolar solvents. Vibrational kinetic energy relaxation, in particular, seems to be especially and surprisingly linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Sahu K, Berg MA. Thermal gratings and phase in high-order, transient-grating spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:144502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3572332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Liu KL, Lee SJ, Chen IC, Hsu CP, Yeh MY, Luh TY. Excited-State Dynamics of [(1,1′-Biphenyl)-4,4-diyldi-2,1-ethenediyl]bis(dimethylsilane). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:1218-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807662g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China
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Fukuda M, Terazima M, Kimura Y. Sound velocity dispersion in room temperature ionic liquids studied using the transient grating method. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:114508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2841076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fujiwara H, Terazima M, Kimura Y. Transient grating study on vibrational energy relaxation of bridged azulene–anthracene’s. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fukuda M, Kajimoto O, Terazima M, Kimura Y. Application of the transient grating method to the investigation of the photo-thermalization process of malachite green in room temperature ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kandratsenka A, Schroeder J, Schwarzer D, Vikhrenko VS. Mode-specific energy absorption by solvent molecules during CO2 vibrational cooling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:1688-92. [PMID: 17396180 DOI: 10.1039/b618452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations of energy transfer from vibrationally excited CO(2) to CCl(4) and CH(2)Cl(2) solvent molecules are performed to identify the efficiency of different energy pathways into the solvent bath. Studying in detail the work performed by the vibrationally excited solute on the different solvent degrees of freedom, it is shown that vibration-to-vibration (V-V) processes are strongly dominant and controlled by those accepting modes which are close in frequency to the CO(2) bend and symmetric stretch vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kandratsenka
- Abteilung Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Kimura Y, Fukuda M, Kajimoto O, Terazima M. Study on the vibrational energy relaxation of p-nitroaniline, N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline, and azulene by the transient grating method. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:194516. [PMID: 17129132 DOI: 10.1063/1.2387170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational energy dissipation processes of the electronic ground states of p-nitroaniline and N,N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline have been studied by transient grating spectroscopy with subpicosecond laser pulses. The rise time of the acoustic signal produced by the energy dissipation process of the hot ground state molecule was monitored. The acoustic signal was analyzed by an equation including the acoustic damping. The solvent temperature rise times in various solvents have been determined. The acoustic signals of azulene in previous papers [Y. Kimura et al., J. Chem. Phys. 123, 054512 (2005); 123, 054513 (2005)] were also reanalyzed using this equation. The temperature rise times in all cases are longer than the vibrational energy relaxation times of the solutes determined by the transient absorption measurements. The difference is discussed in terms of the energy transfer pathways from the solute to the solvent. We concluded that both the hydrogen bonding between the solute and the solvent and the lower frequency modes of the solutes play important roles in determining the energy transfer pathway from the solute to the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Kimura Y, Yamamoto Y, Fujiwara H, Terazima M. Vibrational energy relaxation of azulene studied by the transient grating method. I. Supercritical fluids. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:054512. [PMID: 16108674 DOI: 10.1063/1.1994847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational energy dissipation process of the ground-state azulene in supercritical xenon, carbon dioxide, and ethane has been studied by the transient grating spectroscopy. In this method, azulene in these fluids was photoexcited by two counterpropagating subpicosecond laser pulses at 570 nm, which created a sinusoidal pattern of vibrationally hot ground-state azulene inside the fluids. The photoacoustic signal produced by the temperature rise of the solvent due to the vibrational energy relaxation of azulene was monitored by the diffraction of a probe pulse. The temperature-rise time constants of the solvents were determined at 383 and 298 K from 0.7 to 2.4 in rho(r), where rho(r) is the reduced density by the critical density of the fluids, by the fitting of the acoustic signal based on a theoretical model equation. In xenon, the temperature-rise time constant was almost similar to the vibrational energy-relaxation time constant of the photoexcited solute determined by the transient absorption measurement [D. Schwarzer, J. Troe, M. Votsmeier, and M. Zerezke, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 3121 (1996)] at the same reduced density irrespective of the solvent temperature. On the other hand, the temperature-rise time constants in ethane were larger than the vibrational energy-relaxation time constants by a factor of about 2. In carbon dioxide, the difference was small. From these results, the larger time constants of the solvent temperature rise than those of the vibrational energy relaxation in ethane and carbon dioxide were interpreted in terms of the vibrational-vibrational (V-V) energy transfer between azulene and solvent molecules and the vibrational-translational (V-T) energy transfer between solvent molecules. The contribution of the V-V energy transfer process against the V-T energy transfer process has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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