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Structures and Electronic Properties of Small AlnSen (n = 1–5) Clusters. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-019-00653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Exploring the structural stability order and electronic properties of transition metal M@Ge12 (M = Co, Pd, Tc, and Zr) doped germanium cage clusters–A density functional simulation. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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4
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Wang J, Zhao Y, Li J, Huang HC, Chen J, Cheng SB. Unveiling the electronic structures and ligation effect of the superatom-polymeric zirconium oxide clusters: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14865-14872. [PMID: 31232409 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Discovering the non-noble ZrO cluster as an analog of the noble metal catalyst Pd is of significance toward designing functional materials with fine-tuned properties using the superatom concept. The effect of gradually assembling the ZrO superatomic unit on the electronic structures and chemical bonding of larger ZrO-polymeric clusters, however, is unclear. Herein, by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the lowest-energy structures and low-lying isomers of the (ZrO)n-/0 (n = 2-5) clusters were optimized, in which every O atom in these clusters tends to connect its adjacent two Zr atoms forming metal oxygen bridge bonds. Insights into the electronic characteristics of these clusters were obtained by analyzing their molecular orbitals (MOs) and density of states (DOS). More importantly, our studies on the CO (electron acceptor) and PH3 (electron donor) ligated Zr3O3 clusters unveil that the ligation process can substantially alter the electronic properties of the clusters by tuning the HOMO and LUMO states, which may have potential applications in photovoltaics. Strikingly, the successive attachment of PH3 on Zr3O3 dramatically lowers the adiabatic ionization potential (AIP) of the ligated clusters, resulting in the formation of stable superalkali clusters with large HOMO-LUMO gaps. Furthermore, the potential of constructing the superalkali Zr3O3(PH3)5 based 1-D cluster assembled material was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Cai Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China. and Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Dong C, Han L, Yang J, Cheng L. Study on Structural Evolution, Thermochemistry and Electron Affinity of Neutral, Mono- and Di-Anionic Zirconium-Doped Silicon Clusters ZrSi n0/-/2- ( n = 6-16). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122933. [PMID: 31208072 PMCID: PMC6627843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have carried out a global search of systematic isomers for the lowest energy of neutral and Zintl anionic Zr-doped Si clusters ZrSin0/-/2- (n = 6–16) by employing the ABCluster global search method combined with the mPW2PLYP double-hybrid density functional. In terms of the evaluated energies, adiabatic electron affinities, vertical detachment energies, and agreement between simulated and experimental photoelectron spectroscopy, the true global minimal structures are confirmed. The results reveal that structural evolution patterns for neutral ZrSin clusters prefer the attaching type (n = 6–9) to the half-cage motif (n = 10–13), and finally to a Zr-encapsulated configuration with a Zr atom centered in a Si cage (n = 14–16). For Zintl mono- and di-anionic ZrSin-/2-, their growth patterns adopt the attaching configuration (n = 6–11) to encapsulated shape (n = 12–16). The further analyses of stability and chemical bonding make it known that two extra electrons not only perfect the structure of ZrSi15 but also improve its chemical and thermodynamic stability, making it the most suitable building block for novel multi-functional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
| | - Limin Han
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
| | - Jucai Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
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6
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Sevy A, Sorensen JJ, Persinger TD, Franchina JA, Johnson EL, Morse MD. Bond dissociation energies of TiSi, ZrSi, HfSi, VSi, NbSi, and TaSi. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:084301. [PMID: 28863527 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Predissociation thresholds have been observed in the resonant two-photon ionization spectra of TiSi, ZrSi, HfSi, VSi, NbSi, and TaSi. It is argued that because of the high density of electronic states at the ground separated atom limit in these molecules, the predissociation threshold in each case corresponds to the thermochemical bond dissociation energy. The resulting bond dissociation energies are D0(TiSi) = 2.201(3) eV, D0(ZrSi) = 2.950(3) eV, D0(HfSi) = 2.871(3) eV, D0(VSi) = 2.234(3) eV, D0(NbSi) = 3.080(3) eV, and D0(TaSi) = 2.999(3) eV. The enthalpies of formation were also calculated as Δf,0KH°(TiSi(g)) = 705(19) kJ mol-1, Δf,0KH°(ZrSi(g)) = 770(12) kJ mol-1, Δf,0KH°(HfSi(g)) = 787(10) kJ mol-1, Δf,0KH°(VSi(g)) = 743(11) kJ mol-1, Δf,0KH°(NbSi(g)) = 879(11) kJ mol-1, and Δf,0KH°(TaSi(g)) = 938(8) kJ mol-1. Using thermochemical cycles, ionization energies of IE(TiSi) = 6.49(17) eV and IE(VSi) = 6.61(15) eV and bond dissociation energies of the ZrSi- and NbSi- anions, D0(Zr-Si-) ≤ 3.149(15) eV, D0(Zr--Si) ≤ 4.108(20) eV, D0(Nb-Si-) ≤ 3.525(31) eV, and D0(Nb--Si) ≤ 4.017(39) eV, have also been obtained. Calculations on the possible low-lying electronic states of each species are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sevy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jason J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Thomas D Persinger
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Jordan A Franchina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Eric L Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA
| | - Michael D Morse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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7
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Li X, Claes P, Haertelt M, Lievens P, Janssens E, Fielicke A. Structural determination of niobium-doped silicon clusters by far-infrared spectroscopy and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6291-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structures of niobium doped silicon cluster cations are determined by a combination of infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an University
- Xi'an 710065
- P. R. China
| | - Pieterjan Claes
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Marko Haertelt
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Peter Lievens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
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8
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Wang J, Liu Y. Magnetic Silicon Fullerenes: Experimental Exploration and Theoretical Insight. J CLUST SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-015-0959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Ji XX, Li J, Wang C, Zhang S, Lu C, Li GQ. Geometries, stabilities and electronic properties of small-sized Pd 2-doped Si n( n= 1–11) clusters. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Johnson EL, Morse MD. Resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy of jet-cooled OsSi. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:104303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4929483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Michael D. Morse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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11
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Wu JH, Liu CX, Wang P, Zhang S, Yang G, Lu C. Structures, Stabilities, and Electronic Properties of Small-Sized Zr2Si
n
(n=1–11) Clusters: A Density Functional Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/zna-2015-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ab initio methods based on density functional theory at B3LYP level have been applied in investigating the equilibrium geometries, growth patterns, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of Zr2-doped Si
n
clusters. The optimisation results shown that the lowest-energy configurations for Zr2Si
n
clusters do not keep the corresponding silicon framework unchanged, which reflects that the doped Zr atoms dramatically affect the most stable structures of the Si
n
clusters. By analysing the relative stabilities, it is found that the doping of zirconium atoms reduces the chemical stabilities of silicon host. The Zr2Si4 and Zr2Si7 clusters are the magic numbers. The natural population and natural electronic configuration analyses indicated that the Zr atoms possess positive charge for n=1–6 and negative charge for n=7–11. In addition, the chemical hardness, chemical potential, infrared, and Raman spectra are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-He Wu
- Henan Institute of Education, Department of Physics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chang-Xin Liu
- Henan Institute of Education, Department of Physics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
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12
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Luo CG, Jiang HL, Li GQ, Zhang S, Lu C. Theoretical investigation on the geometries and electronic properties of cesium–silicon CsSi n (n = 2–12) clusters. Struct Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Begum P, Bhattacharjee D, Mishra BK, Deka RC. Density functional study on structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of size-selected Pd n Si q (n = 1–7 and q = 0, +1, −1) clusters. Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Kong XY, Deng XJ, Xu HG, Yang Z, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations of AgSin− (n = 3–12) clusters. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:244312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4811659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Flores-Hidalgo MA, Glossman-Mitnik D, Galvan DH, Barraza-Jimenez D. Computational Study of Cage Like (ZnO)12Cluster Using Hybrid and Hybrid Meta Functionals. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Gunaratne KDD, Berkdemir C, Harmon CL, Castleman AW. Probing the valence orbitals of transition metal-silicon diatomic anions: ZrSi, NbSi, MoSi, PdSi and WSi. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6068-79. [PMID: 23493900 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44473b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of electronic properties and the nature of bonding of the 4d-transition metal silicides (ZrSi, NbSi, MoSi and PdSi) are discussed, revealing interesting trends in the transition metal-silicon interactions across the period. The electronic properties of select transition metal silicide diatomics have been determined by anion photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and theoretical methods. The electron binding energy spectra and photoelectron angular distributions obtained by 2.33 eV (532 nm) photons have revealed the distinct features of these diatomics. The theoretical calculations were performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level using the unrestricted B3LYP hybrid functional and at the ab initio unrestricted coupled cluster singles and doubles (triplets) (UCCSD(T)) methods to assign the ground electronic states of the neutral and anionic diatomics. The excited electronic states were calculated by the DFT (TD-DFT)/UB3LYP method. We have observed that the valence molecular orbital configuration of the ZrSi and NbSi anions are significantly different from that of the MoSi and PdSi anions. By combining our experimental and theoretical results, we report that the composition of the highest occupied molecular orbitals shift from a majority of transition metal s- and d-orbital contribution in ZrSi and NbSi, to mainly silicon p-orbital contribution for MoSi and PdSi. We expect these observed atomic scale transition metal-silicon interactions to be of increasing importance with the miniaturization of devices approaching the sub-nanometer size regime.
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17
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Kong X, Xu HG, Zheng W. Structures and magnetic properties of CrSin− (n = 3–12) clusters: Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:064307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4742065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Theoretical Studies on the Structures and Stabilities of Charged, Titanium-Doped, Small Silicon Clusters, TiSi n − /TiSi n + (n = 1–8). J CLUST SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-012-0483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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LI GUOLIANG, MA WENLIANG, GAO AIMEI, CHEN HONGYU, FINLOW DAVID, LI QIANSHU. DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY STUDIES OF CHARGED, COPPER-DOPED, SMALL SILICON CLUSTERS, ${\rm CuSi}_{n}^{+}/{\rm CuSi}_{n}^{-}$ (n = 1–7). JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633612500125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The structures and stabilities of charged, copper-doped, small silicon clusters [Formula: see text] (n = 1–7) have been systematically investigated using the density functional theory method at the B3LYP/6-311+G* level. For comparison, the geometries of neutral CuSi n clusters were also optimized at the same level, although most of them have been reported previously [see Xiao CY, Abraham A, Quinn R, Hagelberg F, Comparative study on the interaction of scandium and copper atoms with small silicon clusters, J Phys Chem A106:11380, 2002; Liu X, Zhao GF, Guo LJ, Wang XW, Zhang J, Jing Q, Luo YH, First-principle studies of the geometries and electronic properties of Cu m Si n (2 ≤ m + n ≤ 7) clusters, Chin Phys16:3359, 2007]. Our results for the ground state structures of neutral CuSi n clusters agree well with those of Liu et al. and Xiao et al. except for CuSi3 and CuSi7 . Removing or adding an electron greatly changes some ground state structures, i.e. for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]; others are almost unchanged, e.g. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The ground states of ionic [Formula: see text] are all singlet, except for the smaller CuSi- and [Formula: see text]. Based on the optimized geometries, various energetic properties, including binding energies, second-order difference energies, the highest occupied molecular orbit and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) energy gaps, ionization potential and electron affinities, were calculated for the most stable isomers of [Formula: see text]. All the results indicate that anionic [Formula: see text] and cationic [Formula: see text] clusters are relatively stable. The higher stability of the latter has been confirmed by Beck's observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- GUOLIANG LI
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - WENLIANG MA
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - AIMEI GAO
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - HONGYU CHEN
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - DAVID FINLOW
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - QIAN-SHU LI
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
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20
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Architectures, electronic structures, and stabilities of Cu-doped Ge n clusters: density functional modeling. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3887-902. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Xu HG, Wu MM, Zhang ZG, Yuan J, Sun Q, Zheng W. Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations of CuSin− (n = 4–18) clusters. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:104308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3692685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Tang C, Liu M, Zhu W, Deng K. Probing the geometric, optical, and magnetic properties of 3d transition-metal endohedral Ge12M (M=Sc–Ni) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Kumar M, Bhattacharyya N, Bandyopadhyay D. Architecture, electronic structure and stability of TM@Ge(n) (TM = Ti, Zr and Hf; n = 1-20) clusters: a density functional modeling. J Mol Model 2011; 18:405-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Gunaratne KDD, Hazra A, Castleman AW. Photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and theoretical investigation of ZrSi. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:204303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3592371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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25
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Oña OB, Ferraro MB, Facelli JC. Transition from exo- to endo- Cu absorption in CuSi(n) clusters: A Genetic Algorithms Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011; 37:678-688. [PMID: 21785526 PMCID: PMC3139224 DOI: 10.1080/08927020903583830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The characterization and prediction of the structures of metal silicon clusters is important for nanotechnology research because these clusters can be used as building blocks for nano devices, integrated circuits and solar cells. Several authors have postulated that there is a transition between exo to endo absorption of Cu in Si(n) clusters and showed that for n larger than 9 it is possible to find endohedral clusters. Unfortunately, no global searchers have confirmed this observation, which is based on local optimizations of plausible structures. Here we use parallel Genetic Algorithms (GA), as implemented in our MGAC software, directly coupled with DFT energy calculations to show that the global search of CuSi(n) cluster structures does not find endohedral clusters for n < 8 but finds them for n ≥ 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia B. Oña
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, ;
| | - Marta B. Ferraro
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, ;
| | - Julio C. Facelli
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, 155 South 1452 East, Rm 405, Salt Lake City, US,
- Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, 155 South 1452 East, Rm 405, Salt Lake City, US,
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Zhao RN, Han JG, Bai JT, Sheng LS. The medium-sized charged (n=7–13) clusters: A relativistic computational investigation. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Fan H, Ren Z, Yang J, Hao D, Zhang Q. Study on structures and electronic properties of neutral and charged (n=2–10) clusters with a Gaussian-3 theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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29
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Zhao RN, Han JG, Bai JT, Liu FY, Sheng LS. A relativistic density functional study of Sin (n=7–13) clusters with rare earth ytterbium impurity. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fan H, Yang J, Lu W, Ning H, Zhang Q. Structures and Electronic Properties of Beryllium Atom Encapsulated in Sin(0,−1) (n = 2−10) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1218-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan 11114
| | - Jucai Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan 11114
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan 11114
| | - Hongmei Ning
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan 11114
| | - Qiancheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, P. R. China, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan 11114
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Zhao GF, Sun JM, Gu YZ, Wang YX. Density-functional study of structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the EuSin (n=1–13) clusters. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:114312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3232009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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33
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Longo RC, Carrete J, Aguilera-Granja F, Vega A, Gallego LJ. A density-functional study of the structures and electronic properties of neutral, anionic, and endohedrally doped InxPx clusters. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:074504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3206844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Zhao WJ, Wang YX. Geometries, stabilities, and magnetic properties of MnGen (n=2–16) clusters: Density-functional theory investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Wang J, Liu JH. Novel bi-transition metallic encapsulated naphthalene-like Si20prismatic cage: A DFT investigation. J Comput Chem 2009; 30:1103-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Cao TT, Zhao LX, Feng XJ, Lei YM, Luo YH. Structural and electronic properties of (n=1–12) clusters: A density functional theory investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Koyasu K, Atobe J, Furuse S, Nakajima A. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of transition metal- and lanthanide metal-silicon clusters: MSin− (n=6–20). J Chem Phys 2008; 129:214301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3023080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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The electronic structures and properties of transition metal-doped silicon nanoclusters: A density functional investigation. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of (n=9–16) clusters: Density-functional theory investigations. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Wang J, Chen X, Liu JH. Investigation of a Size-Selective Single Hafnium-Encapsulated Germanium Cage. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8868-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804433d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, AnHui, P. R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, AnHui, P. R. China
| | - Jin Huai Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, AnHui, P. R. China
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41
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Jing Q, Tian FY, Wang YX. No quenching of magnetic moment for the GenCo (n=1-13) clusters: first-principles calculations. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:124319. [PMID: 18376931 DOI: 10.1063/1.2898880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors predict that for the Ge(n)Co (n=1-13) clusters the magnetic moment does not quench, which is dark contrast to the previous results with transition-metal-doped Si(n) clusters. It may be due to the unpaired electrons of the Co atom in the clusters. For the ground state structures of the Ge(n)Co (n>or=9) clusters, the Co atom completely falls into the center of the Ge outer frame, forming metal-encapsulated Ge(n) cages. The doping of the Co atom enhances the stability of the host Ge(n) clusters. The Ge(10)Co cluster with the bicapped tetragonal antiprism structure is more stable than others, which agrees very well with the results of the experiment of the Co/Ge binary clusters by the laser vaporization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Jing
- Institute of Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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42
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Gueorguiev G, Stafström S, Hultman L. Nano-wire formation by self-assembly of silicon–metal cage-like molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of Y-doped Sin (n=1–16) clusters: A relativistic density functional investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Gruene P, Fielicke A, Meijer G, Janssens E, Ngan VT, Nguyen MT, Lievens P. Tuning the Geometric Structure by Doping Silicon Clusters. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:703-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Wang J, Han JG. Geometries, Stabilities, and Vibrational Properties of Bimetallic Mo2-Doped Gen (n = 9−15) Clusters: A Density Functional Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3224-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710238t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada, and National synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Guang Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada, and National synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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46
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Peng Q, Shen J. Growth behavior of La@Sin (n=1–21) metal-encapsulated clusters. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:084711. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2834691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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The growth behaviors of the Zn-doped different sized germanium clusters: A density functional investigation. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Sporea C, Rabilloud F. Stability of alkali-encapsulating silicon cage clusters. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:164306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2790018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Chuang FC, Hsieh YY, Hsu CC, Albao MA. Geometries and stabilities of Ag-doped Sin (n=1–13) clusters: A first-principles study. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:144313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2775447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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50
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Guo LJ, Liu X, Zhao GF, Luo YH. Computational investigation of TiSin (n=2–15) clusters by the density-functional theory. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:234704. [PMID: 17600432 DOI: 10.1063/1.2743412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of TiSin (n=2-15) clusters with different spin configurations have been systematically investigated by using density-functional theory approach at B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. According to the optimum TiSin clusters, the equilibrium site of Ti atom gradually moves from convex to surface, and to a concave site as the number of Si atom increases from 2 to 15. When n=12, the Ti atom in TiSi12 completely falls into the center of the Si outer frame, forming metal-encapsulated Si cages, which can be explained by using 16-electron rule. On the basis of the optimized geometries, various energetic properties are calculated for the most stable isomers of TiSin clusters, including the average binding energy, the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap, fragmentation energy, and the second-order difference of energy. It is found that at size n=6,8,12 the clusters are more stable than neighboring ones. According to the Mulliken charge population analysis, charges always transfer from Si atoms to Ti atom. Furthermore, the HOMO-LUMO gaps of the most stable TiSin clusters are usually smaller than those of Sin clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ju Guo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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