1
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Shtepliuk I. 2D noble metals: growth peculiarities and prospects for hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8281-8292. [PMID: 36892012 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
High-performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction are of interest in the development of next-generation sustainable hydrogen production systems. Although expensive platinum-group metals have been recognized as the most effective HER catalysts, there is an ongoing requirement for the discovery of cost-effective electrode materials. This paper reveals the prospects of two-dimensional (2D) noble metals, possessing a large surface area and a high density of active sites available for hydrogen proton adsorption, as promising catalytic materials for water splitting. An overview of the synthesis techniques is given. The advantages of wet chemistry approaches for the growth of 2D metals over deposition techniques show the potential for kinetic control that is required as a precondition to prevent isotropic growth. An uncontrolled presence of surfactant-related chemicals on a 2D metal surface is however the main disadvantage of kinetically controlled growth methods, which stimulates the development of surfactant-free synthesis approaches, especially template-assisted 2D metal growth on non-metallic substrates. Recent advances in the growth of 2D metals using a graphenized SiC platform are discussed. The existing works in the field of practical application of 2D noble metals for hydrogen evolution reaction are analyzed. This paper shows the technological viability of the "2D noble metals" concept for designing electrochemical electrodes and their implementation into future hydrogen production systems, thereby providing an inspirational background for further experimental and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Shtepliuk
- Semiconductor Materials Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology-IFM, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
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2
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Yokoyama T, Nakajima A. Bridging the gas and condensed phases for metal-atom encapsulating silicon- and germanium-cage superatoms: electrical properties of assembled superatoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9738-9752. [PMID: 36947064 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanocluster (NC) synthesis methods in the gas phase, atomically precise NCs composed of a finite number of metal and semiconductor atoms have emerged. NCs are expected to be the smallest units for nanomaterials with various functions, such as catalysts, optoelectronic materials, and electromagnetic devices. The exploration of a stable NC called a magic number NC has revealed a couple of important factors, such as a highly symmetric geometric structure and an electronic shell closure, and a magic number behavior is often enhanced by mixing additional elements. A synergetic effect between geometric and electronic structures leads to the formation of chemically robust NC units called superatoms (SAs), which act as individual units assembled as thin films. The agglomeration of non-ligated bare SAs is desirable in fabricating the assembled SAs associated with intrinsic SA nature. The recent development of an intensive pulsed magnetron sputtering method opens up the scalable synthesis of SAs in the gas phase, enabling the fabrication of SA assembly coupled with the non-destructive deposition of a soft-landing technique. This perspective describes our recent progress in the investigation of the formation of binary cage SA (BCSA) assembled thin films composed of metal-atom encapsulating silicon-cage SAs (M@Si16) and germanium-cage SAs (M@Ge16), with a focus on their electrical properties associated with a conduction mechanism toward the development of new functional nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaho Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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3
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Atom hybridization of metallic elements: Emergence of subnano metallurgy for the post-nanotechnology. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Hayakawa T, Arakawa M, Minamikawa K, Fujimoto S, Kawano T, Terasaki A. Oxidation-state analysis of manganese-oxide clusters, Mn O+ (x = 4, y = 4–7), by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Jašik J, Fortunelli A, Vajda S. Exploring the materials space in the smallest particle size range: From heterogeneous catalysis to electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12083-12115. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall clusters of subnanometer size can possess unique and even unexpected physical and chemical propensities which make them interesting in various fields of basic science and for potential applications, such...
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6
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Fukui N, Yasumatsu H. Geometry control of size selected Pt clusters bound to Si substrate surface by cluster impact deposition. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224309. [PMID: 31837657 DOI: 10.1063/1.5127566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Geometry of platinum clusters, PtN (N = 30-71), supported on a silicon substrate was investigated, aiming to control the geometry. The supported clusters were prepared by the impact of size-selected PtN + onto the substrate at a given collision energy (cluster-impact deposition), and their geometry was observed by means of a scanning-tunneling microscope. Even at the collision energy of 1 eV per Pt atom, sufficiently strong Pt-Si interaction between PtN (N = 30 and 45) and the Si substrate allows them to be supported as close-packed monatomic-layered Pt disks, while at N = 60, multilayered shapes exist besides the monatomic-layered shape, the fraction of which increases at N = 71. When the collision energy is increased, Si atoms located at the interface between the cluster and Si substrate dissolve into the cluster, and with further increase in the collision energy, the Pt-Si cluster is partially implanted into the substrate. The transition in the shape of the supported clusters with the collision energy and the cluster size was explained according to the deformation of the clusters and the substrate surface by the cluster impact. It is proposed that the momentum of PtN + per its cross section is a good index to control the geometry in the case of strong cluster-support interaction such as Pt and Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Fukui
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Hisato Yasumatsu
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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7
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Kono S, Arakawa M, Terasaki A. Analysis of Cluster Growth in Magnetron-sputtering Metal-cluster Source by Optical Emission Spectroscopy. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Terasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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8
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Imaoka T, Yamamoto K. Wet-Chemical Strategy for Atom-Precise Metal Cluster Catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takane Imaoka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- PRESTO-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- ERATO Yamamoto Atom-Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
- ERATO Yamamoto Atom-Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
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9
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Imaoka T, Akanuma Y, Haruta N, Tsuchiya S, Ishihara K, Okayasu T, Chun WJ, Takahashi M, Yamamoto K. Platinum clusters with precise numbers of atoms for preparative-scale catalysis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:688. [PMID: 28947792 PMCID: PMC5613004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subnanometer noble metal clusters have enormous potential, mainly for catalytic applications. Because a difference of only one atom may cause significant changes in their reactivity, a preparation method with atomic-level precision is essential. Although such a precision with enough scalability has been achieved by gas-phase synthesis, large-scale preparation is still at the frontier, hampering practical applications. We now show the atom-precise and fully scalable synthesis of platinum clusters on a milligram scale from tiara-like platinum complexes with various ring numbers (n = 5-13). Low-temperature calcination of the complexes on a carbon support under hydrogen stream affords monodispersed platinum clusters, whose atomicity is equivalent to that of the precursor complex. One of the clusters (Pt10) exhibits high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of styrene compared to that of the other clusters. This method opens an avenue for the application of these clusters to preparative-scale catalysis.The catalytic activity of a noble metal nanocluster is tied to its atomicity. Here, the authors report an atom-precise, fully scalable synthesis of platinum clusters from molecular ring precursors, and show that a variation of only one atom can dramatically change a cluster's reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takane Imaoka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
- ERATO-JST, Saitama, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan.
- PRESTO-JST, Saitama, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Yuki Akanuma
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naoki Haruta
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
- ERATO-JST, Saitama, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shogo Tsuchiya
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishihara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okayasu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Wang-Jae Chun
- ERATO-JST, Saitama, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, International Christian University, Tokyo, 181-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- ERATO-JST, Saitama, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Yamanashi University, Kofu, 400-8501, Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
- ERATO-JST, Saitama, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan.
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10
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Johnson GE, Gunaratne D, Laskin J. Soft- and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:439-479. [PMID: 25880894 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soft- and reactive landing of mass-selected ions is gaining attention as a promising approach for the precisely-controlled preparation of materials on surfaces that are not amenable to deposition using conventional methods. A broad range of ionization sources and mass filters are available that make ion soft-landing a versatile tool for surface modification using beams of hyperthermal (<100 eV) ions. The ability to select the mass-to-charge ratio of the ion, its kinetic energy and charge state, along with precise control of the size, shape, and position of the ion beam on the deposition target distinguishes ion soft landing from other surface modification techniques. Soft- and reactive landing have been used to prepare interfaces for practical applications as well as precisely-defined model surfaces for fundamental investigations in chemistry, physics, and materials science. For instance, soft- and reactive landing have been applied to study the surface chemistry of ions isolated in the gas-phase, prepare arrays of proteins for high-throughput biological screening, produce novel carbon-based and polymer materials, enrich the secondary structure of peptides and the chirality of organic molecules, immobilize electrochemically-active proteins and organometallics on electrodes, create thin films of complex molecules, and immobilize catalytically active organometallics as well as ligated metal clusters. In addition, soft landing has enabled investigation of the size-dependent behavior of bare metal clusters in the critical subnanometer size regime where chemical and physical properties do not scale predictably with size. The morphology, aggregation, and immobilization of larger bare metal nanoparticles, which are directly relevant to the design of catalysts as well as improved memory and electronic devices, have also been studied using ion soft landing. This review article begins in section 1 with a brief introduction to the existing applications of ion soft- and reactive landing. Section 2 provides an overview of the ionization sources and mass filters that have been used to date for soft landing of mass-selected ions. A discussion of the competing processes that occur during ion deposition as well as the types of ions and surfaces that have been investigated follows in section 3. Section 4 discusses the physical phenomena that occur during and after ion soft landing, including retention and reduction of ionic charge along with factors that impact the efficiency of ion deposition. The influence of soft landing on the secondary structure and biological activity of complex ions is addressed in section 5. Lastly, an overview of the structure and mobility as well as the catalytic, optical, magnetic, and redox properties of bare ionic clusters and nanoparticles deposited onto surfaces is presented in section 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Don Gunaratne
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
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11
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Yasumatsu H, Fukui N. Steady-state reaction kinetics of CO oxidation catalyzed by uni-sized Pt30 clusters directly bound to Si surface. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00623j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic CO oxidation driven by uni-sized Pt30 bound to a Si substrate, at the interface of which electrons are accumulated. The low-temperature and anti-CO-poisoning performance has been evidenced with continuous and simultaneous supply of CO and O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Yasumatsu
- Cluster Research Laboratory
- Toyota Technological Institute: in East Tokyo Laboratory
- Genesis Research Institute, Inc
- Ichikawa
- Japan
| | - N. Fukui
- East Tokyo Laboratory
- Genesis Research Institute, Inc
- Ichikawa
- Japan
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12
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Alonso-Cristobal P, Lopez-Quintela MA, Contreras-Caceres R, Lopez-Cabarcos E, Rubio-Retama J, Laurenti M. Synthesis of catalytically active gold clusters on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work proposes a novel method to obtain catalytically active gold clusters by using the water-soluble 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-trimethyl-ammonio-phenyl)porphyrin under mild conditions instead of using strong reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulino Alonso-Cristobal
- Department of Physical-Chemistry II
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - M. Arturo Lopez-Quintela
- Grupo Nanomag
- Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | | | - Enrique Lopez-Cabarcos
- Department of Physical-Chemistry II
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Jorge Rubio-Retama
- Department of Physical-Chemistry II
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department of Physical-Chemistry II
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
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13
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Yasumatsu H, Fukui N. Systematic study on novel catalytic activity of CO oxidation driven by strong electronic interaction between the monatomic-layered Pt30 cluster disk and the Si substrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26493-9. [PMID: 25008563 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic activity of thermal CO oxidation was studied for monatomic-layered platinum cluster disks, Pt30, bonded to the (111) surface of a silicon substrate. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) measurements were repeated for a given cluster sample with a systematic change in the reactant amounts supplied, and the peaks observed in the TPD spectra were deconvoluted so as to obtain probabilities of individual reactions. It was concluded that this system possesses an ability of low-temperature reductive activation of oxygen molecules, which is one of the critical steps in the CO oxidation. This high performance is explained in terms of negative charges accumulated at a sub-nano interface between the cluster disk and the silicon substrate surface as a result of their strong electronic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Yasumatsu
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: In East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan.
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14
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Yasumatsu H, Fukui N. Novel catalytic functions induced by charge accumulation at subnano interface between unisize metal cluster disk and semiconductor surface. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Yasumatsu
- Cluster Research Laboratory; Toyota Technological Institute: In East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc; 717-86 Futamata Ichikawa Chiba 272-001 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukui
- East Tokyo Laboratory; Genesis Research Institute, Inc; Japan
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15
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Roberts FS, Kane MD, Baxter ET, Anderson SL. Oxygen activation and CO oxidation over size-selected Ptn/alumina/Re(0001) model catalysts: correlations with valence electronic structure, physical structure, and binding sites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26443-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Yasumatsu H, Fukui N. Low-temperature catalytic activity of CO oxidation by uni-size Pt30cluster disks bonded to silicon substrate. CAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Yasumatsu
- Cluster Research Laboratory; Toyota Technological Institute; Ichikawa Chiba 272-001 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukui
- East Tokyo Laboratory; Genesis Research Institute, Inc.; 717-86 Futamata Ichikawa Chiba 272-001 Japan
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17
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Zhang C, Tsunoyama H, Akatsuka H, Sekiya H, Nagase T, Nakajima A. Advanced Nanocluster Ion Source Based on High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering and Time-Resolved Measurements of Nanocluster Formation. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10211-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406521v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuhang Zhang
- Nakajima Designer
Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST-ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hironori Tsunoyama
- Nakajima Designer
Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST-ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akatsuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sekiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nagase
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Nakajima Designer
Nanocluster Assembly Project, JST-ERATO, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1
Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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18
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Imaoka T, Kitazawa H, Chun WJ, Omura S, Albrecht K, Yamamoto K. Magic number Pt13 and misshapen Pt12 clusters: which one is the better catalyst? J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13089-95. [PMID: 23902457 DOI: 10.1021/ja405922m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A relationship between the size of metal particles and their catalytic activity has been established over a nanometer scale (2-10 nm). However, application on a subnanometer scale (0.5-2 nm) is difficult, a possible reason being that the activity no longer relies on the size but rather the geometric structure as a cluster (or superatomic) compound. We now report that the catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) significantly increased when only one atom was removed from a magic number cluster composed of 13-platinum atoms (Pt13). The synthesis with an atomic-level precision was successfully achieved by using a dendrimer ligand as the macromolecular template strictly defining the number of metal atoms. It was quite surprising that the Pt12 cluster exhibited more than 2-fold catalytic activity compared with that of the Pt13 cluster. ESI-TOF-mass and EXAFS analyses provided information about the structures. These analyses suggested that the Pt12 has a deformed coordination, while the Pt13 has a well-known icosahedral atomic coordination as part of the stable cluster series. Theoretical analyses based on density functional theory (DFT) also supported this idea. The present results suggest potential activity of the metastable clusters although they have been "missing" species in conventional statistical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takane Imaoka
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Tsunoyama H, Zhang C, Akatsuka H, Sekiya H, Nagase T, Nakajima A. Development of High-flux Ion Source for Size-selected Nanocluster Ions Based on High-power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Chuhang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Hiroki Akatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Hiroki Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Tomomi Nagase
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
- Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency
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20
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Lateral displacement in soft-landing process and electronic properties of size-selected Pt7 clusters on the aluminum oxide film on NiAl(110). Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Takao K, Suzuki K, Ichijo T, Sato S, Asakura H, Teramura K, Kato K, Ohba T, Morita T, Fujita M. Incarceration of (PdO)nand PdnClusters by Cage-Templated Synthesis of Hollow Silica Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5893-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Takao K, Suzuki K, Ichijo T, Sato S, Asakura H, Teramura K, Kato K, Ohba T, Morita T, Fujita M. Incarceration of (PdO)nand PdnClusters by Cage-Templated Synthesis of Hollow Silica Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Experimental observation of two-dimensional charge polarization in unisized platinum cluster disk bonded to silicon(1 1 1) surface. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yamamoto K, Imaoka T, Chun WJ, Enoki O, Katoh H, Takenaga M, Sonoi A. Size-specific catalytic activity of platinum clusters enhances oxygen reduction reactions. Nat Chem 2009; 1:397-402. [PMID: 21378894 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal platinum nanoparticles with diameters of 2-5 nm on carbon supports are currently regarded as the best catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. However, the particle size is limited by the conventional preparation methods that are used to synthesize small platinum particles; the inherent activity of ultrasmall nanoparticles has not yet been revealed. We present a practical synthesis for ultrafine subnanometre platinum clusters using a spherical macromolecular template with no disorder in molecular weight or structure. The template, a phenylazomethine dendrimer, offers control of the number of metal complexes in an assembly through stepwise complexation, allowing the complexes to accumulate in discrete nano-cages. Subsequent reduction of Pt(IV) chloride to Pt(0) results in the formation of platinum clusters composed of a defined number of atoms. As a result of exceptionally small particle size, the clusters exhibit very high catalytic activity for the four-electron reduction of oxygen molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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Yasumatsu H, Yamaguchi Y, Kondow T. Ejection of clusters from solid surface by impact of size-selected cluster ion. Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701881162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Terasaki A, Majima T, Kondow T. Photon-trap spectroscopy of mass-selected ions in an ion trap: Optical absorption and magneto-optical effects. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:231101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2822022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Watanabe
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Yasumatsu H, Hayakawa T, Kondow T. Electronic structures of size-selected single-layered platinum clusters on silicon(111)-7×7 surface at a single cluster level by tunneling spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:14701. [PMID: 16409045 DOI: 10.1063/1.2126669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling spectra of size-selected single-layered platinum clusters (size range of 5-40) deposited on a silicon(111)-7x7 surface were measured individually at a temperature of 77 K by means of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), and the local electronic densities of states of individual clusters were derived from their tunneling spectra measured by placing an STM tip on the clusters. In a bias-voltage (V(s)) range from -3 to 3 V, each tunneling spectrum exhibits several peaks assignable to electronic states associated with 5d states of a constituent platinum atom and an energy gap of 0.1-0.6 eV in the vicinity of V(s)=0. Even when platinum cluster ions having the same size were deposited on the silicon(111)-7x7 surface, the tunneling spectra and the energy gaps of the deposited clusters are not all the same but can be classified in shape into several different groups; this finding is consistent with the observation of the geometrical structures of platinum clusters on the silicon(111)-7x7 surface. The mean energy gap of approximately 0.4 eV drops to approximately 0.25 eV at the size of 20 and then decreases gradually as the size increases, consistent with our previous finding that the cluster diameter remains unchanged, but the number density of Pt atoms increases below the size of 20 while the diameter increases, but the density does not change above it. It is concluded that the mean energy gap tends to decrease gradually with the mean cluster diameter. The dependence of the mean energy gap on the mean Pt-Pt distance shows that the mean energy gap decreases sharply when the mean Pt-Pt distance exceeds that of a platinum metal (0.28 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Yasumatsu
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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