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Xu J, Bakker JM, Lushchikova OV, Lievens P, Janssens E, Hou GL. Pentagon, Hexagon, or Bridge? Identifying the Location of a Single Vanadium Cation on Buckminsterfullerene Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22243-22251. [PMID: 37757468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Buckminsterfullerene C60 has received extensive research interest since its discovery. In addition to its interesting intrinsic properties of exceptional stability and electron-accepting ability, the broad chemical tunability by decoration or substitution on the C60-fullerene surface makes it a fascinating molecule. However, to date, there is uncertainty about the binding location of such decorations on the C60 surface, even for a single adsorbed metal atom. In this work, we report the gas-phase synthesis of the C60V+ complex and its in situ characterization by mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy with the help of quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. We identify the most probable binding position of a vanadium cation on C60 above a pentagon center in an η5-fashion, demonstrate a high thermal stability for this complex, and explore the bonding nature between C60 and the vanadium cation, revealing that large orbital and electrostatic interactions lie at the origin of the stability of the η5-C60V+ complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Joost M Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, HFML-FELIX, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga V Lushchikova
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, HFML-FELIX, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Lievens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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Martini P, Goulart M, Kranabetter L, Gitzl N, Rasul B, Scheier P, Echt O. Charged Clusters of C 60 and Au or Cu: Evidence for Stable Sizes and Specific Dissociation Channels. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4599-4608. [PMID: 31062979 PMCID: PMC6545602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We have doped helium nanodroplets with C60 and either gold or copper. Positively or negatively charged (C60) mM n± ions (M = Au or Cu) containing up to ≈10 fullerenes and ≈20 metal atoms are formed by electron ionization. The abundance distributions extracted from high-resolution mass spectra reveal several local anomalies. The sizes of the four most stable (C60) mAu n± ions identified in previous calculations for small values of m and n ( m ≤ 2 and n ≤ 2, or m = 1 and n = 3) agree with local maxima in the abundance distributions. Our data suggest the existence of several other relatively stable ions including (C60)2Au3± and (C60)3Au4-. Another feature, namely the absence of bare (C60)2±, confirms the prediction that (C60)2M± dissociates by loss of C60± rather than loss of M. The experimental data also reveal the preference for loss of (charged or neutral) C60 over loss of a metal atom from some larger species such as (C60)3M3+. In contrast to these similarities between Au and Cu, the abundance distributions of (C60)3Au n- and (C60)3Cu n- are markedly different. In this discussion, we emphasize the similarities and differences between anions and cations, and between gold and copper. Also noteworthy is the observation of dianions (C60) mAu n2- for m = 2, 4, and 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Martini
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcelo Goulart
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kranabetter
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Norbert Gitzl
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bilal Rasul
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Physics, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ligorio G, Nardi MV, Christodoulou C, Koch N. Organic Semiconductor/Gold Interface Interactions: From Physisorption on Planar Surfaces to Chemical Reactions with Metal Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2602-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ohkochi T, Kotsugi M, Yamada K, Kawano K, Horiba K, Kitajima F, Oura M, Shiraki S, Hitosugi T, Oshima M, Ono T, Kinoshita T, Muro T, Watanabe Y. Capability of insulator study by photoemission electron microscopy at SPring-8. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2013; 20:620-5. [PMID: 23765305 PMCID: PMC4032072 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049513012508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The observation method of photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) on insulating samples has been established in an extremely simple way. Surface conductivity is induced locally on an insulating surface by continuous radiation of soft X-rays, and Au films close to the area of interest allow the accumulated charges on the insulated area to be released to ground level. Magnetic domain observations of a NiZn ferrite, local X-ray absorption spectroscopy of sapphire, high-resolution imaging of a poorly conducting Li0.9CoO2 film surface, and Au pattern evaporation on a fine rock particle are demonstrated. Using this technique, all users' experiments on poorly conducting samples have been performed successfully at the PEEM experimental station of SPring-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Ohkochi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
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Peters S, Peredkov S, Neeb M, Eberhardt W, Al-Hada M. Size-dependent Auger spectra and two-hole Coulomb interaction of small supported Cu-clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013. [PMID: 23666087 DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Auger (L3M4,5M4,5) and X-ray photoionization spectra (2p, 3d) of mass-selected CuN-clusters supported by a thin natural silica layer are presented in the size range N = 8-55 atoms per cluster. The Auger spectra of all clusters are shifted to a lower kinetic energy with respect to the spectrum of the bulk. Furthermore the Auger energy decreases systematically with decreasing cluster size. The binding energies of the 2p and 3d valence states are higher than the corresponding bulk values. Using the energy of the Auger main line, the corresponding core hole peak and the centroid of the self-convoluted 3d valence band the on-site Coulomb interaction energy Udd of the two-hole final state as a function of cluster size has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peters
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Campus Adlershof, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Berlin, Germany
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Luo Z, Zhao YS, Yang W, Peng A, Ma Y, Fu H, Yao J. Core−Shell Nanopillars of Fullerene C60/C70 Loading with Colloidal Au Nanoparticles: A Raman Scattering Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9612-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Aidong Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Teobaldi G, Zerbetto F. C60 on gold: adsorption, motion, and viscosity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:1694-8. [PMID: 17849371 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Teobaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, V. F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Chen W, Chen S, Qi DC, Gao XY, Wee ATS. Surface transfer p-type doping of epitaxial graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10418-22. [PMID: 17665912 DOI: 10.1021/ja071658g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epitaxial graphene thermally grown on 6H-SiC(0001) can be p-type doped via a novel surface transfer doping scheme by modifying the surface with the electron acceptor, tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ). Synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy reveals that electron transfer from graphene to adsorbed F4-TCNQ is responsible for the p-type doping of graphene. This novel surface transfer doping scheme by surface modification with appropriate molecular acceptors represents a simple and effective method to nondestructively dope epitaxial graphene for future nanoelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
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