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Kouzov A, Radi P. Line space theory of Resonant Four-Wave Mixing: New prospects for all-optical studies of photofragment states. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Brouard M, Chadwick H, Gordon SDS, Hornung B, Nichols B, Aoiz FJ, Stolte S. Rotational Orientation Effects in NO(X) + Ar Inelastic Collisions. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12404-16. [PMID: 26413997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rotational angular momentum orientation effects in the rotationally inelastic collisions of NO(X) with Ar have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically at a collision energy of 530 cm(-1). The collision-induced orientation has been determined experimentally using a hexapole electric field to select the ϵ = -1 Λ-doublet level of the NO(X) j = 1/2 initial state. Fully quantum state resolved polarization-dependent differential cross sections were recorded experimentally using a crossed molecular beam apparatus coupled with a (1 + 1') resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization detection scheme and subsequent velocity-map imaging. To determine the NO sense of rotation, the probe radiation was circularly polarized. Experimental orientation polarization-dependent differential cross sections are compared with those obtained from quantum mechanical scattering calculations and are found to be in good agreement. The origin of the collision-induced orientation has been investigated by means of close-coupled quantum mechanical, quantum mechanical hard shell, quasi-classical trajectory (QCT), and classical hard shell calculations at the same collision energy. Although there is evidence for the operation of limiting classical mechanisms, the rotational orientation cannot be accounted for by QCT calculations and is found to be strongly influenced by quantum mechanical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brouard
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - H Chadwick
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - S D S Gordon
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Hornung
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - B Nichols
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - F J Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Stolte
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratoire Francis Perrin, Bâtiment 522, DRECEM/SPAM/CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Aoiz FJ, Brouard M, Gordon SDS, Nichols B, Stolte S, Walpole V. A new perspective: imaging the stereochemistry of molecular collisions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:30210-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the steric effect plays a central role in chemistry. This Perspective describes how the polarization of reactant molecules in space can be used to probe directly the steric effect, and highlights some of the new measurements that are made possible by coupling reactant orientation and alignment with ion imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - M. Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - S. D. S. Gordon
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - B. Nichols
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - S. Stolte
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - V. Walpole
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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Broderick BM, Lee Y, Doyle MB, Chernyak VY, Vasyutinskii OS, Suits AG. Spin-polarized hydrogen Rydberg time-of-flight: experimental measurement of the velocity-dependent H atom spin-polarization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:053103. [PMID: 24880349 DOI: 10.1063/1.4871995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new experimental method allowing direct detection of the velocity dependent spin-polarization of hydrogen atoms produced in photodissociation. The technique, which is a variation on the H atom Rydberg time-of-flight method, employs a double-resonance excitation scheme and experimental geometry that yields the two coherent orientation parameters as a function of recoil speed for scattering perpendicular to the laser propagation direction. The approach, apparatus, and optical layout we employ are described here in detail and demonstrated in application to HBr and DBr photolysis at 213 nm. We also discuss the theoretical foundation for the approach, as well as the resolution and sensitivity we achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Michael B Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Vladimir Y Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Oleg S Vasyutinskii
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia and St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Paterson G, Costen ML, McKendrick KG. Collisional depolarization of rotational angular momentum: what are the observables and how can they be measured? Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.621901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Chang YP, Brouard M, Cireasa R, Perkins T, Seamons SA. Molecular photofragment orientation in the photodissociation of H2O2 at 193 nm and 248 nm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8213-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hancock G, Richmond G, Ritchie GA, Taylor S, Costen ML, Hall GE. Frequency modulated circular dichroism spectroscopy: application to ICN photolysis. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268971003649323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ballingall I, Rutherford MF, McKendrick KG, Costen ML. Elastic depolarization and polarization transfer in CN(A2Π,v= 4)+Ar collisions. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970903476670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sofikitis D, Rubio-Lago L, Bougas L, Alexander AJ, Rakitzis TP. Laser detection of spin-polarized hydrogen from HCl and HBr photodissociation: comparison of H- and halogen-atom polarizations. J Chem Phys 2009; 129:144302. [PMID: 19045142 DOI: 10.1063/1.2989803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal HCl and HBr molecules were photodissociated using circularly polarized 193 nm light, and the speed-dependent spin polarization of the H-atom photofragments was measured using polarized fluorescence at 121.6 nm. Both polarization components, described by the a(0)(1)(perpendicular) and Re[a(1)(1)(parallel, perpendicular)] parameters which arise from incoherent and coherent dissociation mechanisms, are measured. The values of the a(0)(1)(perpendicular) parameter, for both HCl and HBr photodissociation, are within experimental error of the predictions of both ab initio calculations and of previous measurements of the polarization of the halide cofragments. The experimental and ab initio theoretical values of the Re[a(1)(1)(parallel, perpendicular)] parameter show some disagreement, suggesting that further theoretical investigations are required. Overall, good agreement occurs despite the fact that the current experiments photodissociate molecules at 295 K, whereas previous measurements were conducted at rotational temperatures of about 15 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Sofikitis
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
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Bartlett NCM, Miller DJ, Zare RN, Sofikitis D, Peter Rakitzis T, Alexander AJ. Preparation of oriented and aligned H2 and HD by stimulated Raman pumping. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:084312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2973628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Suits AG, Vasyutinskii OS. Imaging Atomic Orbital Polarization in Photodissociation. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3706-46. [DOI: 10.1021/cr040085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G. Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Vasyutinskii
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Sofikitis D, Rubio-Lago L, Martin MR, Ankeny Brown DJ, Bartlett NCM, Alexander AJ, Zare RN, Rakitzis TP. Optical control of ground-state atomic orbital alignment: Cl(2P3/2) atoms from HCl(v=2,J=1) photodissociation. J Chem Phys 2008; 127:144307. [PMID: 17935395 DOI: 10.1063/1.2772272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
H(35)Cl(v=0,J=0) molecules in a supersonic expansion were excited to the H(35)Cl(v=2,J=1,M=0) state with linearly polarized laser pulses at about 1.7 microm. These rotationally aligned J=1 molecules were then selectively photodissociated with a linearly polarized laser pulse at 220 nm after a time delay, and the velocity-dependent alignment of the (35)Cl((2)P(32)) photofragments was measured using 2+1 REMPI and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The (35)Cl((2)P(32)) atoms are aligned by two mechanisms: (1) the time-dependent transfer of rotational polarization of the H(35)Cl(v=2,J=1,M=0) molecule to the (35)Cl((2)P(32)) nuclear spin [which is conserved during the photodissociation and thus contributes to the total (35)Cl((2)P(32)) photofragment atomic polarization] and (2) the alignment of the (35)Cl((2)P(32)) electronic polarization resulting from the photoexcitation and dissociation process. The total alignment of the (35)Cl((2)P(32)) photofragments from these two mechanisms was found to vary as a function of time delay between the excitation and the photolysis laser pulses, in agreement with theoretical predictions. We show that the alignment of the ground-state (35)Cl((2)P(32)) atoms, with respect to the photodissociation recoil direction, can be controlled optically. Potential applications include the study of alignment-dependent collision effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Sofikitis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
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Costen ML, Hall GE. Coherent and incoherent orientation and alignment of ICN photoproducts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:272-87. [PMID: 17186071 DOI: 10.1039/b612131d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report extended measurements of the rotational polarization and correlated angular distribution of CN photofragments from ICN photodissociation, with a particular emphasis on the creation and detection of molecular orientation with circularly-polarized light. Doppler profiles of the nascent photoproducts are measured by Frequency-Modulated (FM) transient absorption, and the resulting high signal-to-noise data are valuable for verifying the form of the angular correlations between the recoil velocity, the photofragment rotational angular momentum, and the space-fixed frame defined by the dissociation polarization. A space-fixed bipolar moment notation can be used for an unambiguous characterization of the maximal set of polarization properties that can be created with one-photon excitation and detected with one-photon Doppler-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Relating the observed polarization moments to the various coherent and incoherent, adiabatic and non-adiabatic mechanisms, that have been derived and verified extensively in the case of diatomic photodissociation to polarized atomic fragments, is not unambiguous in the case of diatomic fragments from triatomic precursors. Constraints among various polarization moments confirmed in the case of diatomic dissociation are not confirmed in this triatomic case, where the perpendicular transitions to non-degenerate A' and A'' components of a linear Omega = 1 state are qualitatively different from excitation to degenerate Omega = +/-1 states in a diatomic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Costen
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, William H. Perkin Building, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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