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Ruiz J, Misa K, Seshappan A, Keçeli M, Sode O. Exploring the anharmonic vibrational structure of carbon dioxide trimers. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144302. [PMID: 33858169 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previously developed mbCO2 potential [O. Sode and J. N. Cherry, J. Comput. Chem. 38, 2763 (2017)] is used to describe the vibrational structure of the intermolecular motions of the CO2 trimers: barrel-shaped and cyclic trimers. Anharmonic corrections are accounted for using the vibrational self-consistent field theory, vibrational second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (VMP2) theory, and vibrational configuration interaction (VCI) methods and compared with experimental observations. For the cyclic structure, we revise the assignments of two previously observed experimental peaks based on our VCI and VMP2 results. We note that the experimental band observed near 13 cm-1 is the out-of-phase out-of-plane degenerate motion with E″ symmetry, while the peak observed at 18 cm-1 likely corresponds to the symmetric out-of-plane torsion A″ vibration. Since the VCI treatment of the vibrational motions accounts for vibrational mixing and delocalization, overtones and combination bands were also observed and quantified in the intermolecular regions of the two trimer isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Kyle Misa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Arabi Seshappan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Murat Keçeli
- Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Olaseni Sode
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
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Rezaei M, Norooz Oliaee J, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, McKellar ARW. Infrared spectra reveal box-like structures for a pentamer and hexamer of mixed carbon dioxide-acetylene clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1381-5. [PMID: 26315679 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Except for a few cases like water and carbon dioxide, identification and structural characterization of clusters with more than four monomers is rare. Here, we provide experimental and theoretical evidence for existence of box-like structures for a pentamer and a hexamer of mixed carbon dioxide-acetylene clusters. Two mid-infrared cluster absorption bands are observed in the CO2ν3 band region using a tunable diode laser to probe a pulsed supersonic jet. Each requires the presence of both carbon dioxide and acetylene in the jet, and (from observed rotational spacings) involves clusters containing about 4 to 7 molecules. Structures are predicted for mixed CO2 + C2H2 clusters using a distributed multipole model, and the bands are assigned to a specific pentamer, (CO2)3-(C2H2)2, and hexamer, (CO2)4-(C2H2)2. The hexamer has a box-like structure whose D2d symmetry is supported by observed intensity alternation in the spectrum. The pentamer has a closely related structure which is obtained by removing one CO2 molecule from the hexamer. These are among the largest mixed molecular clusters to be assigned by high-resolution spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Rezaei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Feng X, Cerdá JI, Salmeron M. Orientation-Dependent Interaction between CO2 Molecules Adsorbed on Ru(0001). J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1780-1784. [PMID: 26263349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining the molecular structure of CO2 adsorbed on metal surfaces and its mutual interactions is important to understand its catalytic conversion reactions. Here, we study CO2 adsorption on Ru(0001) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Adsorbed at 77 K, the CO2 molecules form mainly disordered structures at submonolayer coverage, except for small (2 × 2) domains. The adsorbed molecules are no longer linear as in the gas phase, but instead, they adopt a "V"-shape geometry with the carbon atom occupying three-fold hcp hollow sites and possess three symmetry-equivalent orientations. Annealing to 250 K causes partial desorption of the molecules, while the remaining molecules form trimers of three different configurations with different interaction energies determined by their relative orientations. The "strong"-interacting trimer shows a cyclic structure, about 40 meV more stable than the "weak"-interacting trimer that is composed of three parallel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Feng
- †Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jorge I Cerdá
- §Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- †Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Moazzen-Ahmadi N, McKellar A. Spectroscopy of dimers, trimers and larger clusters of linear molecules. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2013.813799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rezaei M, Oliaee JN, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, McKellar ARW. Spectroscopic observation of nitrous oxide pentamers. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:224308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4729157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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6
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Coagulation size of freezable water in poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels formed by different freeze/thaw cycle periods. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Norooz Oliaee J, Dehghany M, McKellar ARW, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. High resolution infrared spectroscopy of carbon dioxide clusters up to (CO2)13. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:044315. [PMID: 21806127 PMCID: PMC3160451 DOI: 10.1063/1.3615543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen specific infrared bands in the 2350 cm(-1) region are assigned to carbon dioxide clusters, (CO(2))(N), with N = 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13. The spectra are observed in direct absorption using a tuneable infrared laser to probe a pulsed supersonic jet expansion of a dilute mixture of CO(2) in He carrier gas. Assignments are aided by cluster structure calculations made using two reliable CO(2) intermolecular potential functions. For (CO(2))(6), two highly symmetric isomers are observed, one with S(6) symmetry (probably the more stable form), and the other with S(4) symmetry. (CO(2))(13) is also symmetric (S(6)), but the remaining clusters are asymmetric tops with no symmetry elements. The observed rotational constants tend to be slightly (≈2%) smaller than those from the predicted structures. The bands have increasing vibrational blueshifts with increasing cluster size, similar to those predicted by the resonant dipole-dipole interaction model but significantly larger in magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Norooz Oliaee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Oliaee JN, Dehghany M, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, McKellar ARW. Nitrous oxide tetramer has two highly symmetric isomers. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:074310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3555629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Rezaei M, Norooz Oliaee J, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, McKellar ARW. Infrared spectrum of the CS2 trimer: observation of a structure with D3 symmetry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:12635-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20900k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oliaee JN, Dehghany M, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, McKellar ARW. Spectroscopic identification of carbon dioxide clusters: (CO2)6 to (CO2)13. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 13:1297-300. [PMID: 21170441 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02311f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In spite of wide interest in CO(2) clusters, only dimers and trimers have previously been assigned to specific infrared bands. Here, transitions for clusters with 6-13 molecules are identified in the ν(3) region (∼2350 cm(-1)). Spectra are observed in a supersonic jet (T ∼ 2.5 K) using a tunable laser probe, and analyzed with the aid of cluster calculations based on a widely-used model potential. Vibrational origins show blue-shifts significantly larger than predicted by resonant dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Norooz Oliaee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive North West, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Dehghany M, McKellar A, Afshari M, Moazzen-Ahmadi N. High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of carbon dioxide dimers, trimers, and larger clusters. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.496742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dehghany M, Afshari M, Moazzen-Ahmadi N, McKellar ARW. The cyclic CO2 trimer: Observation of a parallel band and determination of an intermolecular out-of-plane torsional frequency. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:064308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2834931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Li X, Brue DA, Parker GA. New method for calculating bound states: the A(1) states of Li(3) on the spin-aligned Li(3)(1 (4)A(')) potential energy surface. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:014108. [PMID: 17627338 DOI: 10.1063/1.2753157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a calculation for the bound states of A(1) symmetry on the spin-aligned Li(3)(1 (4)A(')) potential energy surface. We apply a mixture of discrete variable representation and distributed approximating functional methods to discretize the Hamiltonian. We also introduce a new method that significantly reduces the computational effort needed to determine the lowest eigenvalues and eigenvectors (bound state energies and wave functions of the full Hamiltonian). In our study, we have found the lowest 150 energy bound states converged to less than 0.005% error, and most of the excited energy bound states converged to less than 2.0% error. Furthermore, we have estimated the total number of the A(1) bound states of Li(3) on the spin-aligned Li(3)(1 (4)A(')) potential surface to be 601.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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Tsintsarska S, Huber H. The equilibrium constant of carbon dioxide dimerization and the lifetime of the dimer. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970601126726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zielke P, Suhm MA. Concerted proton motion in hydrogen-bonded trimers: A spontaneous Raman scattering perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2826-30. [PMID: 16775637 DOI: 10.1039/b605926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Raman active symmetric O-H stretching modes are detected and assigned for the first time in isolated methanol, ethanol and methyl lactate trimers, providing insights into cluster structure, vibrational assignments and hydrogen-bond mediated couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Zielke
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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