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Treß RS, Hättig C, Höfener S. Employing Pseudopotentials to Tackle Excited-State Electron Spill-Out in Frozen Density Embedding Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1737-1747. [PMID: 35107998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In frozen density embedding (FDE), the properties of a target molecule are computed in the presence of an effective embedding potential, which accounts for the attractive and repulsive contributions of the environment. The formally exact embedding potential, however, is in practice calculated using explicit kinetic-energy functionals for which the resulting potentials are in many cases not repulsive enough to account fully for Pauli repulsion by the electrons of the environment and to compensate thereby the strong electron-nuclear attraction. For the excited states on the target molecule, this leads to charge spill-out when diffuse basis functions are included, which allow that valence electrons are excited to those regions of the environment where the strong nuclear attraction is not sufficiently compensated by repulsive contributions. To reduce this insufficiency, we propose in the present work the inclusion of atomic all-electron pseudopotentials for all environment atoms on top of the conventional embedding potential. In the current work, the pseudopotentials are applied for computing vertical excitation energies of local excited states in complex systems employing the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) scheme. The proposed approach leads to significantly reduced charge spill-out and an improved agreement of FDE and supermolecular calculations in the frozen solvent approximation. In particular, when diffuse functions are employed, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) is reduced from 0.27 to 0.05 eV for the investigated cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Treß
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Christof Hättig
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Sebastian Höfener
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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2
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Polak E, González-Espinoza CE, Gander MJ, Wesolowski TA. A non-decomposable approximation on the complete density function space for the non-additive kinetic potential. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0076871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Polak
- Département de Chimie Physique 30, Université de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Section de Mathématiques, Université de Genève, Rue du Conseil-Général 7-9, CP 64, CH-1205 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin J. Gander
- Section de Mathématiques, Université de Genève, Rue du Conseil-Général 7-9, CP 64, CH-1205 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Département de Chimie Physique 30, Université de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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3
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Tamukong PK, Khait YG, Hoffmann MR. Accurate Dissociation of Chemical Bonds Using DFT-in-DFT Embedding Theory with External Orbital Orthogonality. J Phys Chem A 2016; 121:256-264. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K. Tamukong
- Chemistry Department, University of North Dakota, Grand
Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Yuriy G. Khait
- Chemistry Department, University of North Dakota, Grand
Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Mark R. Hoffmann
- Chemistry Department, University of North Dakota, Grand
Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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4
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Wesolowski TA, Shedge S, Zhou X. Frozen-Density Embedding Strategy for Multilevel Simulations of Electronic Structure. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5891-928. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500502v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sapana Shedge
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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5
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Ramos P, Papadakis M, Pavanello M. Performance of Frozen Density Embedding for Modeling Hole Transfer Reactions. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7541-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511275e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Markos Papadakis
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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6
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Jacob CR, Neugebauer J. Subsystem density-functional theory. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph R. Jacob
- Center for Functional Nanostructures and Institute of Physical Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Münster Germany
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7
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Tamukong PK, Khait YG, Hoffmann MR. Density Differences in Embedding Theory with External Orbital Orthogonality. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9182-200. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5062495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K. Tamukong
- Chemistry
Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9024, United States
| | - Yuriy G. Khait
- Chemistry
Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9024, United States
| | - Mark R. Hoffmann
- Chemistry
Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9024, United States
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8
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Nafziger J, Wasserman A. Density-Based Partitioning Methods for Ground-State Molecular Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7623-39. [PMID: 24999621 DOI: 10.1021/jp504058s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nafziger
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Adam Wasserman
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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9
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Barnes TA, Goodpaster JD, Manby FR, Miller TF. Accurate basis set truncation for wavefunction embedding. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:024103. [PMID: 23862925 DOI: 10.1063/1.4811112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) provides a formally exact framework for performing embedded subsystem electronic structure calculations, including DFT-in-DFT and wavefunction theory-in-DFT descriptions. In the interest of efficiency, it is desirable to truncate the atomic orbital basis set in which the subsystem calculation is performed, thus avoiding high-order scaling with respect to the size of the MO virtual space. In this study, we extend a recently introduced projection-based embedding method [F. R. Manby, M. Stella, J. D. Goodpaster, and T. F. Miller III, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 8, 2564 (2012)] to allow for the systematic and accurate truncation of the embedded subsystem basis set. The approach is applied to both covalently and non-covalently bound test cases, including water clusters and polypeptide chains, and it is demonstrated that errors associated with basis set truncation are controllable to well within chemical accuracy. Furthermore, we show that this approach allows for switching between accurate projection-based embedding and DFT embedding with approximate kinetic energy (KE) functionals; in this sense, the approach provides a means of systematically improving upon the use of approximate KE functionals in DFT embedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Barnes
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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10
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Humbert-Droz M, Zhou X, Shedge SV, Wesolowski TA. How to choose the frozen density in Frozen-Density Embedding Theory-based numerical simulations of local excitations? Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Laricchia S, Fabiano E, Sala FD. Semilocal and hybrid density embedding calculations of ground-state charge-transfer complexes. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:124112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4795825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Tecmer P, van Lingen H, Gomes ASP, Visscher L. The electronic spectrum of CUONg4 (Ng = Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe): New insights in the interaction of the CUO molecule with noble gas matrices. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:084308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4742765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Vassiliev S, Mahboob A, Bruce D. Calculation of chromophore excited state energy shifts in response to molecular dynamics of pigment-protein complexes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 110:25-38. [PMID: 21964859 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The absorption and energy transfer properties of photosynthetic pigments are strongly influenced by their local environment or "site." Local electrostatic fields vary in time with protein and chromophore molecular movement and thus transiently influence the excited state transition properties of individual chromophores. Site-specific information is experimentally inaccessible in many light-harvesting pigment-proteins due to multiple chromophores with overlapping spectra. Full quantum mechanical calculations of each chromophores excited state properties are too computationally demanding to efficiently calculate the changing excitation energies along a molecular dynamics trajectory in a pigment-protein complex. A simplified calculation of electrostatic interactions with each chromophores ground to excited state transition, the so-called charge density coupling (CDC) for site energy, CDC, has previously been developed to address this problem. We compared CDC to more rigorous quantum chemical calculations to determine its accuracy in computing excited state energy shifts and their fluctuations within a molecular dynamics simulation of the bacteriochlorophyll containing light-harvesting Fenna-Mathews-Olson (FMO) protein. In most cases CDC calculations differed from quantum mechanical (QM) calculations in predicting both excited state energy and its fluctuations. The discrepancies arose from the inability of CDC to account for the differing effects of charge on ground and excited state electron orbitals. Results of our study show that QM calculations are indispensible for site energy computations and the quantification of contributions from different parts of the system to the overall site energy shift. We suggest an extension of QM/MM methodology of site energy shift calculations capable of accounting for long-range electrostatic potential contributions from the whole system, including solvent and ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Vassiliev
- Department of Biology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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14
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Fradelos G, Lutz JJ, Wesołowski TA, Piecuch P, Włoch M. Embedding vs Supermolecular Strategies in Evaluating the Hydrogen-Bonding-Induced Shifts of Excitation Energies. J Chem Theory Comput 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200101x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Fradelos
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Jesse J. Lutz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Tomasz A. Wesołowski
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Piecuch
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marta Włoch
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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15
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Neugebauer J, Veldstra J, Buda F. Theoretical Spectroscopy of Astaxanthin in Crustacyanin Proteins: Absorption, Circular Dichroism, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:3216-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111579u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Neugebauer
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Veldstra
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Zhou X, Kaminski JW, Wesolowski TA. Multi-scale modelling of solvatochromic shifts from frozen-density embedding theory with non-uniform continuum model of the solvent: the coumarin 153 case. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10565-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Fux S, Reiher M. Electron Density in Quantum Theory. ELECTRON DENSITY AND CHEMICAL BONDING II 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2010_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Fradelos G, Wesolowski TA. The Importance of Going beyond Coulombic Potential in Embedding Calculations for Molecular Properties: The Case of Iso-G for Biliverdin in Protein-Like Environment. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 7:213-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Fradelos
- Université de Genève, Département de Chimie Physique 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Université de Genève, Département de Chimie Physique 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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19
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Laricchia S, Fabiano E, Della Sala F. Frozen density embedding with hybrid functionals. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:164111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3494537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Kaminski JW, Gusarov S, Wesolowski TA, Kovalenko A. Modeling Solvatochromic Shifts Using the Orbital-Free Embedding Potential at Statistically Mechanically Averaged Solvent Density. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6082-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub W. Kaminski
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, National Research Council of Canada. National Institute for Nanotechnology, 421 Saskatchewan Drive T6G 2M9 Edmonton, Canada, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 2G8 Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, National Research Council of Canada. National Institute for Nanotechnology, 421 Saskatchewan Drive T6G 2M9 Edmonton, Canada, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 2G8 Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, National Research Council of Canada. National Institute for Nanotechnology, 421 Saskatchewan Drive T6G 2M9 Edmonton, Canada, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 2G8 Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andriy Kovalenko
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, National Research Council of Canada. National Institute for Nanotechnology, 421 Saskatchewan Drive T6G 2M9 Edmonton, Canada, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 2G8 Edmonton, Canada
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21
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Neugebauer J. Subsystem-Based Theoretical Spectroscopy of Biomolecules and Biomolecular Assemblies. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:3148-73. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Neugebauer J. On the calculation of general response properties in subsystem density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:084104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3212883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Senthilkumar K, Mujika JI, Ranaghan KE, Manby FR, Mulholland AJ, Harvey JN. Analysis of polarization in QM/MM modelling of biologically relevant hydrogen bonds. J R Soc Interface 2009; 5 Suppl 3:S207-16. [PMID: 18782723 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0243.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods are increasingly important for the study of chemical reactions and systems in condensed phases. Here, we have tested the accuracy of a density functional theory-based QM/MM implementation (B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)/CHARMM27) on a set of biologically relevant interactions by comparison with full QM calculations. Intermolecular charge transfer due to hydrogen bond formation is studied to assess the severity of spurious polarization of QM atoms by MM point charges close to the QM/MM boundary. The changes in total electron density and natural bond orbital atomic charges due to hydrogen bond formation in selected complexes obtained at the QM/MM level are compared with full QM results. It is found that charge leakage from the QM atoms to MM atomic point charges close to the QM/MM boundary is not a serious problem, at least with limited basis sets. The results are encouraging in showing that important properties of key biomolecular interactions can be treated well at the QM/MM level employing good-quality levels of QM theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittusamy Senthilkumar
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, UK
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24
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Lastra JMG, Kaminski JW, Wesolowski TA. Orbital-free effective embedding potential at nuclear cusps. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:074107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2969814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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25
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Kiewisch K, Eickerling G, Reiher M, Neugebauer J. Topological analysis of electron densities from Kohn-Sham and subsystem density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:044114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2822966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Cisneros GA, Piquemal JP, Darden TA. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics electrostatic embedding with continuous and discrete functions. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:13682-4. [PMID: 16836309 PMCID: PMC2656107 DOI: 10.1021/jp062768x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) implementation that uses the Gaussian electrostatic model (GEM) as the MM force field is presented. GEM relies on the reproduction of electronic density by using auxiliary basis sets to calculate each component of the intermolecular interaction. This hybrid method has been used, along with a conventional QM/MM (point charges) method, to determine the polarization on the QM subsystem by the MM environment in QM/MM calculations on 10 individual H(2)O dimers and a Mg(2+)-H(2)O dimer. We observe that GEM gives the correct polarization response in cases when the MM fragment has a small charge, while the point charges produce significant over-polarization of the QM subsystem and in several cases present an opposite sign for the polarization contribution. In the case when a large charge is located in the MM subsystem, for example, the Mg(2+) ion, the opposite is observed at small distances. However, this is overcome by the use of a damped Hermite charge, which provides the correct polarization response.
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27
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Jacob CR, Beyhan SM, Visscher L. Exact functional derivative of the nonadditive kinetic-energy bifunctional in the long-distance limit. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:234116. [PMID: 17600413 DOI: 10.1063/1.2743013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the functional derivative of the nonadditive kinetic-energy bifunctional, which appears in the embedding potential that is used in the frozen-density embedding formalism, in the limit that the separation of the subsystems is large. We have derived an exact expression for this kinetic-energy component of the embedding potential and have applied this expression to deduce its exact form in this limit. Comparing to the approximations currently in use, we find that while these approximations are correct at the nonfrozen subsystem, they fail completely at the frozen subsystem. Using test calculations on two model systems, a H2O...Li+ complex and a cluster of aminocoumarin C151 surrounded by 30 water molecules, we show that this failure leads to a wrong description of unoccupied orbitals, which can lead to convergence problems caused by too low-lying unoccupied orbitals and which can further have serious consequences for the calculation of response properties. Based on our results, a simple correction is proposed, and we show that this correction is able to fix the observed problems for the model systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph R Jacob
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Zbiri M, Daul CA, Wesolowski TA. Effect of the f-Orbital Delocalization on the Ligand-Field Splitting Energies in Lanthanide-Containing Elpasolites. J Chem Theory Comput 2006; 2:1106-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ct060035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zbiri
- Département de Chimie, Université de Fribourg - 9, Chemin du Musée, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, and Département de Chimie, Université de Genève - 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Claude A. Daul
- Département de Chimie, Université de Fribourg - 9, Chemin du Musée, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, and Département de Chimie, Université de Genève - 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Département de Chimie, Université de Fribourg - 9, Chemin du Musée, Pérolles, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland, and Département de Chimie, Université de Genève - 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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