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Liu Y, Sun T, Zhou L, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Shen X, Lv H, Xu H. Ultrafast time-resolved polarization-dependent investigations on the dynamics in the Ã2B2 state of NO2 molecules. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200221. [PMID: 35687037 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We perform time-resolved polarization-dependent study on ultrafast dynamics in the à 2 B 2 state of NO 2 . A linearly-polarized 400 nm femtosecond laser is used to resonantly pump NO 2 to its first excited state à 2 B 2 , and the time-dependent ionic yields produced via strong field ionization at 800 nm are measured under different laser polarizations. The yield ratios measured with the lasers perpendicular and parallel to each other first decrease then increase as the wave packet evolves on the excited state, with a minimum ratio at the delay time of 180 fs, which can be attributed to the evolution time in the à 2 B 2 state. The behavior of the time-resolved ionization in elliptically polarized laser field is also investigated and discussed. Our study indicates that the time-resolved polarization-dependent studies will shed some light on and pave the way to understand ultrafast dynamics in molecular excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin, CHINA
| | - Tian Sun
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin, CHINA
| | | | - Yiwen Zhao
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin, CHINA
| | - Qi Chen
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin, CHINA
| | - Xingchen Shen
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin, CHINA
| | - Hang Lv
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin, Qianjin Street, 130012, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Jilin University Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin, CHINA
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2
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Forbes R, Boguslavskiy AE, Wilkinson I, Underwood JG, Stolow A. Excited state wavepacket dynamics in NO 2 probed by strong-field ionization. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:054305. [PMID: 28789534 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an experimental femtosecond time-resolved study of the 399 nm excited state dynamics of nitrogen dioxide using channel-resolved above threshold ionization (CRATI) as the probe process. This method relies on photoelectron-photoion coincidence and covariance to correlate the strong-field photoelectron spectrum with ionic fragments, which label the channel. In all ionization channels observed, we report apparent oscillations in the ion and photoelectron yields as a function of pump-probe delay. Further, we observe the presence of a persistent, time-invariant above threshold ionization comb in the photoelectron spectra associated with most ionization channels at long time delays. These observations are interpreted in terms of single-pump-photon excitation to the first excited electronic X̃ 2A1 state and multi-pump-photon excitations to higher-lying states. The short time delay (<100 fs) dynamics in the fragment channels show multi-photon pump signatures of higher-lying neutral state dynamics, in data sets recorded with higher pump intensities. As expected for pumping NO2 at 399 nm, non-adiabatic coupling was seen to rapidly re-populate the ground state following excitation to the first excited electronic state, within 200 fs. Subsequent intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution results in the spreading of the ground state vibrational wavepacket into the asymmetric stretch coordinate, allowing the wavepacket to explore nuclear geometries in the asymptotic region of the ground state potential energy surface. Signatures of the vibrationally "hot" ground state wavepacket were observed in the CRATI spectra at longer time delays. This study highlights the complex and sometimes competing phenomena that can arise in strong-field ionization probing of excited state molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruaridh Forbes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey E Boguslavskiy
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Underwood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Stolow
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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3
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Intramolecular radiationless transition or background cosmic field effect in NO2. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Elkharrat C, Picard YJ, Billaud P, Cornaggia C, Garzella D, Perdrix M, Houver JC, Lucchese RR, Dowek D. Ion Pair Formation in Multiphoton Excitation of NO2 Using Linearly and Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Light Pulses: Kinetic Energy Distribution and Fragment Recoil Anisotropy. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9902-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp103672h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Elkharrat
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214 Univ Paris-Sud et CNRS, Bat. 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Service Photons Atomes & Molécules, CEA IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Saclay, Bat. 522, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255
| | - Y. J. Picard
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214 Univ Paris-Sud et CNRS, Bat. 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Service Photons Atomes & Molécules, CEA IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Saclay, Bat. 522, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255
| | - P. Billaud
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214 Univ Paris-Sud et CNRS, Bat. 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Service Photons Atomes & Molécules, CEA IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Saclay, Bat. 522, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255
| | - C. Cornaggia
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214 Univ Paris-Sud et CNRS, Bat. 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Service Photons Atomes & Molécules, CEA IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Saclay, Bat. 522, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255
| | - D. Garzella
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214 Univ Paris-Sud et CNRS, Bat. 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Service Photons Atomes & Molécules, CEA IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Saclay, Bat. 522, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255
| | - M. Perdrix
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214 Univ Paris-Sud et CNRS, Bat. 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Service Photons Atomes & Molécules, CEA IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Saclay, Bat. 522, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255
| | - J. C. Houver
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214 Univ Paris-Sud et CNRS, Bat. 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Service Photons Atomes & Molécules, CEA IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Saclay, Bat. 522, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255
| | - R. R. Lucchese
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214 Univ Paris-Sud et CNRS, Bat. 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Service Photons Atomes & Molécules, CEA IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Saclay, Bat. 522, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255
| | - D. Dowek
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214 Univ Paris-Sud et CNRS, Bat. 350, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Service Photons Atomes & Molécules, CEA IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Saclay, Bat. 522, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255
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Irimia D, Petsalakis ID, Theodorakopoulos G, Janssen MHM. Coherent oscillatory femtosecond dynamics in multichannel photodynamics of NO2 studied by spatially masked electron imaging. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3157-66. [PMID: 19928822 DOI: 10.1021/jp909031p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The femtosecond multiphoton photoionization and dissociation dynamics of NO(2) have been studied in a two-color pump-probe experiment at 400 and 266 nm using velocity map ion imaging in conjunction with photoelectron imaging. We report here a series of experiments focusing on the oscillatory patterns in pump-probe transients of the photoelectron signal. By using the technique of spatially masked imaging detection, we can select different photoelectron channels enabling the rapid measurement of energy selected transients with good signal-to-noise ratio. At short delay times (<300 fs) the dominant process is dissociative multiphoton ionization by 3 x 400 nm + 1 x 266 nm excitation to a repulsive potential energy surface of the NO(2)(+) cation correlating to NO(+)((1)Sigma(+)) + O((3) P) and the ejection of a 0.37 eV electron. At longer delay times (>400 fs), the release of high-energy electrons (0.88 eV) is observed attributed to a three-photon absorption at 400 nm to Rydberg and valence type excited states of neutral NO(2) leading to predissociation and the production of NO(+) + O((3)P) from a one-photon ionization at 266 nm. At longer delay times (>400 fs) a second slow (near 0 eV) photoelectron channel is observed that is associated with one photon excitation at 400 nm to the first excited A(2)B(2) state of NO(2) followed by two-photon excitation at 266 nm leading to near threshold ionization and dissociation to NO(+) + O((3)P). Distinctive oscillatory patterns were found in the pump-probe transients of the photoelectron yield for both the slow and the fast photoelectron channels but with different periods of about 750 fs (slow) or 590 fs (fast). Extensive polarization experiments are reported for both linear and circular polarized pump and probe laser geometries. We discuss the oscillatory mechanism in relation to ab initio calculations of relevant Rydberg and valence type excited states of NO(2) near 9.3 eV. We propose that an oscillating wavepacket of mixed Rydberg and valence character that predissociates is responsible for the observed oscillations in the transients of the fast (0.88 eV) photoelectron channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Irimia
- Laser Centre and Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hamard JB, Cireasa R, Chatel B, Blanchet V, Whitaker BJ. Quantum interference in NO2. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3167-75. [PMID: 20070094 DOI: 10.1021/jp909129g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the origin of a quantum interference observed when NO(2) is dissociatively ionized by short pulses of ultraviolet light. We describe time-resolved measurements of NO(+), O(+), and NO(2)(+) ions produced following the interaction of NO(2) with a approximately 70 fs duration pulse centered close to 400 nm and a subsequent time-delayed probe pulse close to 269, 205, or 400 nm. A quantum beat oscillation with a period of 524 fs and a characteristic damping time of 8 ps is observed on all transient ion signals. We investigate the effect of tuning the central wavelength of the excitation pulse over a 12 nm range, and we discuss the potential importance of three possible multiphoton pathways involving one, two, and three pump photons. We conclude that the ionization pathway responsible for the beat signal is most likely due to a process involving the absorption of two pump photons and two probe photons. This presents an interesting problem with respect to the interpretation of the mechanism responsible for the quantum interference signature since the electronic states of NO(2) reached at the two-photon level are all thought to be extremely short-lived and to dissociate on a time scale that is far shorter than the characteristic damping time of the oscillatory signals. We suggest that a possible explanation for the observed dynamics is associated with a minor dissociation channel of the (2)(2)B(2) state of NO(2) through its interaction with the longer lived (2)(2)A(1) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Hamard
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Poisson L, Maksimenska R, Soep B, Mestdagh JM, Parker DH, Nsangou M, Hochlaf M. Unusual Quantum Interference in the S1 State of DABCO and Observation of Intramolecular Vibrational Redistribution. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:3313-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909464t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Poisson
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CNRS URA 2453, CEA, IRAMIS, Service des Photons Atomes et Molécules, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, and Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle, Université Paris-Est, MSME FRE 3160 CNRS 5 bd Descartes
| | - Raman Maksimenska
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CNRS URA 2453, CEA, IRAMIS, Service des Photons Atomes et Molécules, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, and Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle, Université Paris-Est, MSME FRE 3160 CNRS 5 bd Descartes
| | - Benoît Soep
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CNRS URA 2453, CEA, IRAMIS, Service des Photons Atomes et Molécules, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, and Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle, Université Paris-Est, MSME FRE 3160 CNRS 5 bd Descartes
| | - Jean-Michel Mestdagh
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CNRS URA 2453, CEA, IRAMIS, Service des Photons Atomes et Molécules, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, and Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle, Université Paris-Est, MSME FRE 3160 CNRS 5 bd Descartes
| | - David H. Parker
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CNRS URA 2453, CEA, IRAMIS, Service des Photons Atomes et Molécules, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, and Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle, Université Paris-Est, MSME FRE 3160 CNRS 5 bd Descartes
| | - Mama Nsangou
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CNRS URA 2453, CEA, IRAMIS, Service des Photons Atomes et Molécules, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, and Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle, Université Paris-Est, MSME FRE 3160 CNRS 5 bd Descartes
| | - Majdi Hochlaf
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CNRS URA 2453, CEA, IRAMIS, Service des Photons Atomes et Molécules, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, and Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle, Université Paris-Est, MSME FRE 3160 CNRS 5 bd Descartes
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Liu B, Zhu J, Wang B, Wang Y, Wang L. Time-Resolved Dynamics of NO2 in Its Conical Intersection Region. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:13839-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benkang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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Vredenborg A, Roeterdink WG, Janssen MHM. Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron-photoion coincidence imaging of multiphoton multichannel photodynamics in NO2. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:204311. [PMID: 18513023 DOI: 10.1063/1.2924134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiphoton multichannel photodynamics of NO(2) has been studied using femtosecond time-resolved coincidence imaging. A novel photoelectron-photoion coincidence imaging machine was developed at the laboratory in Amsterdam employing velocity map imaging and "slow" charged particle extraction using additional electron and ion optics. The NO(2) photodynamics was studied using a two color pump-probe scheme with femtosecond pulses at 400 and 266 nm. The multiphoton excitation produces both NO(2) (+) parent ions and NO(+) fragment ions. Here we mainly present the time dependent photoelectron images in coincidence with NO(2) (+) or NO(+) and the (NO(+),e) photoelectron versus fragment ion kinetic energy correlations. The coincidence photoelectron spectra and the correlated energy distributions make it possible to assign the different dissociation pathways involved. Nonadiabatic dynamics between the ground state and the A (2)B(2) state after absorption of a 400 nm photon is reflected in the transient photoelectron spectrum of the NO(2) (+) parent ion. Furthermore, Rydberg states are believed to be used as "stepping" states responsible for the rather narrow and well-separated photoelectron spectra in the NO(2) (+) parent ion. Slow statistical and fast direct fragmentation of NO(2) (+) after prompt photoelectron ejection is observed leading to formation of NO(+)+O. Fragmentation from both the ground state and the electronically excited a (3)B(2) and b (3)A(2) states of NO(2) (+) is observed. At short pump probe delay times, the dominant multiphoton pathway for NO(+) formation is a 3x400 nm+1x266 nm excitation. At long delay times (>500 fs) two multiphoton pathways are observed. The dominant pathway is a 1x400 nm+2x266 nm photon excitation giving rise to very slow electrons and ions. A second pathway is a 3x400 nm photon absorption to NO(2) Rydberg states followed by dissociation toward neutral electronically and vibrationally excited NO(A (2)Sigma,v=1) fragments, ionized by one 266 nm photon absorption. As is shown in the present study, even though the pump-probe transients are rather featureless the photoelectron-photoion coincidence images show a complex time varying dynamics in NO(2). We present the potential of our novel coincidence imaging machine to unravel in unprecedented detail the various competing pathways in femtosecond time-resolved multichannel multiphoton dynamics of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Vredenborg
- Laser Centre and Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arasaki Y, Takatsuka K. Quantum wavepacket dynamics for time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the NO2 conical intersection. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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