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Krivdin LB. An overview of Helium-3 NMR: Recent developments and applications. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 136-137:83-109. [PMID: 37716756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The present review is focused on experimental and theoretical methods together with applications of helium NMR in chemistry and biochemistry. It comprises two main sections, the first dealing with standardization and instrumentation for 3He NMR spectroscopy and the second dealing with its practical applications, mainly those in general and organic chemistry with a special emphasis on the rapidly developing and exciting area of fullerenes encapsulating helium atoms. Several general applications of 3He NMR spectroscopy in physical chemistry and biomedicine are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid B Krivdin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
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2
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Wehrli D, Spyszkiewicz-Kaczmarek A, Puchalski M, Pachucki K. QED Effect on the Nuclear Magnetic Shielding of ^{3}He. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:263001. [PMID: 35029494 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The leading quantum electrodynamic corrections to the nuclear magnetic shielding in one- and two-electron atomic systems are obtained in a complete form, and the shielding constants of ^{1}H, ^{3}He^{+}, and ^{3}He are calculated to be 17.735 436(3)×10^{-6}, 35.507 434(9)×10^{-6}, and 59.967 029(23)×10^{-6}, respectively. These results are orders of magnitude more accurate than previous ones, and, with the ongoing measurement of the nuclear magnetic moment of ^{3}He^{+} and planned ^{3}He^{2+}, they open the window for high-precision absolute magnetometry using ^{3}He NMR probes. The presented theoretical approach is applicable to all other light atomic and molecular systems, which facilitates the improved determination of magnetic moments of any light nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wehrli
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mariusz Puchalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Garbacz P, Misiak M, Jackowski K. NMR shielding in helium-3 atoms modified by gaseous nitrogen and oxygen. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:745-749. [PMID: 32293746 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Helium-3 nuclear magnetic resonance (3 He NMR) measurements were carried out for the gaseous mixtures of helium-3 with pure nitrogen and synthetic air as the solvents. It was found that 3 He shielding is linearly dependent on solvent density up to approx. 6 mol/L. At higher density of the gaseous solvent, the change of 3 He shielding is nonlinear and especially distinct when helium-3 atoms can interact with two O2 molecules. The interaction with paramagnetic oxygen molecules can induce two kinds of 3 He shielding changes: (1) due to the isotropic Fermi contact interaction and (2) from the dipolar magnetic interaction between unpaired O2 electrons and 3 He nuclear magnetic dipole moment. The two paramagnetic effects in helium-3 shielding cannot be experimentally separated, although for such small molecular objects, they could be presumably modeled by advanced theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Garbacz
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Misiak
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Jackowski
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Makulski W, Garbacz P. Gas-phase 21 Ne NMR studies and the nuclear magnetic dipole moment of neon-21. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:648-652. [PMID: 32012333 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase 21 Ne nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were measured at the natural abundance of 21 Ne isotope for samples consisting of pressurized neon up to 60 bar at room temperature and applying the magnetic field of the strength B0 = 11.7574 T. It showed that the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency is linearly dependent on the density of gaseous neon. The resonance frequency was extrapolated to the zero-density point, and it permitted the determination of the 21 Ne nuclear magnetic moment, μ(21 Ne) = 0.6617774(10) μN . The present value of μ(21 Ne) is not influenced by the bulk magnetic susceptibility of neon and interactions between neon atoms; therefore, it is more precise and reliable than the previous result obtained for μ(21 Ne).
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Makulski
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Garbacz
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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5
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Zaleśny R, Medved’ M, Góra RW, Reis H, Luis JM. Partitioning of interaction-induced nonlinear optical properties of molecular complexes. I. Hydrogen-bonded systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19841-19849. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interaction-induced electronic and vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities were decomposed into different interaction types (electrostatic, exchange, induction and dispersion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zaleśny
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Miroslav Medved’
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Matej Bel University
- SK-97400 Banská Bystrica
- Slovak Republic
| | - Robert W. Góra
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Heribert Reis
- Institute of Biology
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF)
- 116 35 Athens
- Greece
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- University of Girona
- Campus de Montilivi
- 17071 Girona
- Spain
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6
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Zaleśny R, Garcia-Borràs M, Góra RW, Medved' M, Luis JM. On the physical origins of interaction-induced vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22467-77. [PMID: 27465257 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02500e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a pioneering exploration of the physical origins of vibrational contributions to the interaction-induced electric properties of molecular complexes. In order to analyze the excess nuclear relaxation (hyper)polarizabilities, a new scheme was proposed which relies on the computationally efficient Bishop-Hasan-Kirtman method for determining the nuclear relaxation contributions to electric properties. The extension presented herein is general and can be used with any interaction-energy partitioning method. As an example, in this study we employed the variational-perturbational interaction-energy decomposition scheme (at the MP2/aug-cc-pVQZ level) and the extended transition state method by employing three exchange-correlation functionals (BLYP, LC-BLYP, and LC-BLYP-dDsC) to study the excess properties of the HCN dimer. It was observed that the first-order electrostatic contribution to the excess nuclear relaxation polarizability cancels with the negative exchange repulsion term out to a large extent, resulting in a positive value of Δα(nr) due to the contributions from the delocalization and the dispersion terms. In the case of the excess nuclear relaxation first hyperpolarizability, the pattern of interaction contributions is very similar to that for Δα(nr), both in terms of their sign as well as relative magnitude. Finally, our results show that the LC-BLYP and LC-BLYP-dDsC functionals, which yield smaller values of the orbital relaxation term than BLYP, are more successful in predicting excess properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zaleśny
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Robert W Góra
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Miroslav Medved'
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, SK-97400 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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7
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Jankowska M, Kupka T, Stobiński L, Faber R, Lacerda EG, Sauer SPA. Spin-orbit ZORA and four-component Dirac-Coulomb estimation of relativistic corrections to isotropic nuclear shieldings and chemical shifts of noble gas dimers. J Comput Chem 2015; 37:395-403. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Opole; 48, Oleska Str. 45-052 Opole Poland
| | - Teobald Kupka
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Opole; 48, Oleska Str. 45-052 Opole Poland
| | - Leszek Stobiński
- Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physical Chemistry; 44/52, Kasprzaka, Str. 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering; Warsaw University of Technology; Warynskiego 1 00-645 Warsaw Poland
| | - Rasmus Faber
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Evanildo G. Lacerda
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Stephan P. A. Sauer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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8
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Makulski W. (129) Xe and (131) Xe nuclear magnetic dipole moments from gas phase NMR spectra. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:273-279. [PMID: 25594841 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
(3) He, (129) Xe and (131) Xe NMR measurements of resonance frequencies in the magnetic field B0=11.7586 T in different gas phase mixtures have been reported. Precise radiofrequency values were extrapolated to the zero gas pressure limit. These results combined with new quantum chemical values of helium and xenon nuclear magnetic shielding constants were used to determine new accurate nuclear magnetic moments of (129) Xe and (131) Xe in terms of that of the (3) He nucleus. They are as follows: μ((129) Xe) = -0.7779607(158)μN and μ((131) Xe) = +0.6918451(70)μN . By this means, the new 'helium method' for estimations of nuclear dipole moments was successfully tested. Gas phase NMR spectra demonstrate the weak intermolecular interactions observed on the (3) He and (129) Xe and (131) Xe shielding in the gaseous mixtures with Xe, CO2 and SF6 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Makulski
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Radula-Janik K, Kupka T. 3He NMR studies on helium-pyrrole, helium-indole, and helium-carbazole systems: a new tool for following chemistry of heterocyclic compounds. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:103-109. [PMID: 25228253 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The (3)He nuclear magnetic shieldings were calculated for free helium atom and He-pyrrole, He-indole, and He-carbazole complexes. Several levels of theory, including Hartree-Fock (HF), Second-order Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory (MP2), and Density Functional Theory (DFT) (VSXC, M062X, APFD, BHandHLYP, and mPW1PW91), combined with polarization-consistent pcS-2 and aug-pcS-2 basis sets were employed. Gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) calculated (3)He nuclear magnetic shieldings reproduced accurately previously reported theoretical values for helium gas. (3)He nuclear magnetic shieldings and energy changes as result of single helium atom approaching to the five-membered ring of pyrrole, indole, and carbazole were tested. It was observed that (3)He NMR parameters of single helium atom, calculated at various levels of theory (HF, MP2, and DFT) are sensitive to the presence of heteroatomic rings. The helium atom was insensitive to the studied molecules at distances above 5 Å. Our results, obtained with BHandHLYP method, predicted fairly accurately the He-pyrrole plane separation of 3.15 Å (close to 3.24 Å, calculated by MP2) and yielded a sizable (3)He NMR chemical shift (about -1.5 ppm). The changes of calculated nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) with the distance above the rings showed a very similar pattern to helium-3 NMR chemical shift. The ring currents above the five-membered rings were seen by helium magnetic probe to about 5 Å above the ring planes verified by the calculated NICS index.
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10
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Makulski W. (83)Kr nuclear magnetic moment in terms of that of (3)He. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2014; 52:430-434. [PMID: 24842240 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High resolution NMR spectroscopy was applied to precisely determine the (83)Kr nuclear magnetic dipole moment on the basis of new results available for nuclear magnetic shielding in krypton and helium-3 atoms. Small amounts of (3)He as the solutes and (83)Kr as the buffer gas were observed in (3)He and (83)Kr NMR spectra at the constant external field, B0 = 11.7578 T. In each case, the resonance frequencies (ν(He) and ν(Kr)) were linearly dependent on the density of gaseous solvent. The extrapolation of experimental points to the zero density of gaseous krypton allowed for the evaluation of both resonance frequencies free from intermolecular interactions. By combining these measurements with the recommended (83)Kr chemical shielding value, the nuclear magnetic moment could be determined with much better precision than ever before, μ((83)Kr) = -0.9707297(32)μN, with the improvement due to the greater accuracy of the spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Makulski
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
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11
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Sensitivity of 3He NMR Parameters to the Proximity of Heterocyclic Rings. The Helium–Furan Dimer. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Kupka T, Stachów M, Stobiński L, Kaminský J. 3He NMR: from free gas to its encapsulation in fullerene. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2013; 51:463-468. [PMID: 23737362 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The (3)He nuclear magnetic shieldings were calculated for single helium atom, its dimer, simple models of fullerene cages (He@Cn), and single wall carbon nanotubes. The performances of several levels of theory (HF, MP2, DFT-VSXC, CCSD, CCSD(T), and CCSDT) were tested. Two sets of polarization-consistent basis sets were used (pcS-n and aug-pcS-n), and an estimate of (3)He nuclear magnetic shieldings in the complete basis set limit using a two-parameter fit was established. Theoretical (3)He results reproduced accurately previously reported theoretical values for helium gas, dimer, and helium probe inside several fullerene cages. Excellent agreement with experimental values was achieved. (3)He nuclear magnetic shieldings of single helium atom approaching various points of benzene ring were tested, and an impact of (3)He confinement within fullerene cages of different size on the (3)He chemical shift was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teobald Kupka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 48, Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
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Bouchoux G, Rashad AM, Helal AI. Theoretical Investigation of Selenium Interferences in Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9058-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304644u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Bouchoux
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes
Réactionnels, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique and CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A. M. Rashad
- Central Laboratory for Elemental
and Isotopic Analysis, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
| | - A. I. Helal
- Central Laboratory for Elemental
and Isotopic Analysis, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
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Helgaker T, Coriani S, Jørgensen P, Kristensen K, Olsen J, Ruud K. Recent Advances in Wave Function-Based Methods of Molecular-Property Calculations. Chem Rev 2012; 112:543-631. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2002239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trygve Helgaker
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Poul Jørgensen
- Lundbeck Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Lundbeck Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Olsen
- Lundbeck Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Jackowski K, Makulski W. (13)C shielding scale for MAS NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:600-602. [PMID: 21815214 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have performed the direct measurements of (13)C magnetic shielding for pure liquid TMS, solution of 1% TMS in CDCl3 and solid fullerene. The measurements were carried out in spherical ampoules exploring the relation between the resonance frequencies, shielding constants and magnetic moments of (13)C and (3)He nuclei. Next the (13)C shielding constants of glycine, hexamethylbenzene and adamantane were established on the basis of appropriate chemical shifts measured in the solid state. All the new results are free from susceptibility effects and can be recommended as the reference standards of (13)C shielding scale in the magic angle spinning NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Jackowski
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland.
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Garbacz P, Piszczatowski K, Jackowski K, Moszynski R, Jaszuński M. Weak intermolecular interactions in gas-phase nuclear magnetic resonance. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:084310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3624658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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18
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Jackowski K, Jaszuński M, Kamieński B, Wilczek M. NMR frequency and magnetic dipole moment of (3)He nucleus. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2008; 193:147-149. [PMID: 18442939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present new gas-phase NMR spectra which relate the resonance frequency of (3)He nucleus to the resonance frequency of the proton in tetramethylsilane (TMS). We discuss the dependence of (3)He resonance frequency on the density of the solvent gas, and we consider in detail the absolute shielding scales of both nuclei. Finally, we analyse the accuracy of the results, using the relationship between the resonance frequencies, absolute shielding constants and magnetic dipole moments of (1)H and (3)He nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Jackowski
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Hanni M, Lantto P, Iliaš M, Jensen HJA, Vaara J. Relativistic effects in the intermolecular interaction-induced nuclear magnetic resonance parameters of xenon dimer. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:164313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2777143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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