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Microwave Enthrakometric Labs-On-A-Chip and On-Chip Enthrakometric Catalymetry: From Non-Conventional Chemotronics Towards Microwave-Assisted Chemosensors. CHEMOSENSORS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors7040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A unique chemical analytical approach is proposed based on the integration of chemical radiophysics with electrochemistry at the catalytically-active surface. This approach includes integration of: radiofrequency modulation polarography with platinum electrodes, applied as film enthrakometers for microwave measurements; microwave thermal analysis performed on enthrakometers as bolometric sensors; catalytic measurements, including registration of chemical self-oscillations on the surface of a platinum enthrakometer as the chemosensor; measurements on the Pt chemosensor implemented as an electrochemical chip with the enthrakometer walls acting as the chip walls; chemotron measurements and data processing in real time on the surface of the enthrakometric chip; microwave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements using an enthrakometer both as a substrate and a microwave power meter; microwave acceleration of chemical reactions and microwave catalysis оn the Pt surface; chemical generation of radio- and microwaves, and microwave spin catalysis; and magnetic isotope measurements on the enthrakometric chip. The above approach allows one to perform multiparametric physical and electrochemical sensing on a single active enthrakometric surface, combining the properties of the selective electrochemical sensor and an additive physical detector.
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Thiele S, Balestro F, Ballou R, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Wernsdorfer W. Electrically driven nuclear spin resonance in single-molecule magnets. Science 2014; 344:1135-8. [PMID: 24904159 DOI: 10.1126/science.1249802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in addressing isolated nuclear spins have opened up a path toward using nuclear-spin-based quantum bits. Local magnetic fields are normally used to coherently manipulate the state of the nuclear spin; however, electrical manipulation would allow for fast switching and spatially confined spin control. Here, we propose and demonstrate coherent single nuclear spin manipulation using electric fields only. Because there is no direct coupling between the spin and the electric field, we make use of the hyperfine Stark effect as a magnetic field transducer at the atomic level. This quantum-mechanical process is present in all nuclear spin systems, such as phosphorus or bismuth atoms in silicon, and offers a general route toward the electrical control of nuclear-spin-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thiele
- CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Université Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Franck Balestro
- CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Université Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rafik Ballou
- CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Université Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Svetlana Klyatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Wolfgang Wernsdorfer
- CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Université Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
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Dehollain JP, Pla JJ, Siew E, Tan KY, Dzurak AS, Morello A. Nanoscale broadband transmission lines for spin qubit control. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:015202. [PMID: 23221273 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/1/015202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The intense interest in spin-based quantum information processing has caused an increasing overlap between the two traditionally distinct disciplines of magnetic resonance and nanotechnology. In this work we discuss rigorous design guidelines to integrate microwave circuits with charge-sensitive nanostructures, and describe how to simulate such structures accurately and efficiently. We present a new design for an on-chip, broadband, nanoscale microwave line that optimizes the magnetic field used to drive a spin-based quantum bit (or qubit) while minimizing the disturbance to a nearby charge sensor. This new structure was successfully employed in a single-spin qubit experiment, and shows that the simulations accurately predict the magnetic field values even at frequencies as high as 30 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dehollain
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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Torrezan AC, Mayer Alegre TP, Medeiros-Ribeiro G. Microstrip resonators for electron paramagnetic resonance experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:075111. [PMID: 19655985 DOI: 10.1063/1.3186054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this article we evaluate the performance of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) setup using a microstrip resonator (MR). The design and characterization of the resonator are described and parameters of importance to EPR and spin manipulation are examined, including cavity quality factor, filling factor, and microwave magnetic field in the sample region. Simulated microwave electric and magnetic field distributions in the resonator are also presented and compared with qualitative measurements of the field distribution obtained by a perturbation technique. Based on EPR experiments carried out with a standard marker at room temperature and a MR resonating at 8.17 GHz, the minimum detectable number of spins was found to be 5 x 10(10) spins/GHz(1/2) despite the low MR unloaded quality factor Q0=60. The functionality of the EPR setup was further evaluated at low temperature, where the spin resonance of Cr dopants present in a GaAs wafer was detected at 2.3 K. The design and characterization of a more versatile MR targeting an improved EPR sensitivity and featuring an integrated biasing circuit for the study of samples that require an electrical contact are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Torrezan
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Caixa Postal 6192, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971, Brazil
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Narkowicz R, Suter D, Niemeyer I. Scaling of sensitivity and efficiency in planar microresonators for electron spin resonance. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:084702. [PMID: 19044371 DOI: 10.1063/1.2964926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR) of volume-limited samples or nanostructured materials can be made significantly more efficient by using microresonators whose size matches that of the structures under investigation. We describe a series of planar microresonators that show large improvements over conventional ESR resonators in terms of microwave conversion efficiency (microwave field strength for a given input power) and sensitivity (minimum number of detectable spins). We explore the dependence of these parameters on the size of the resonator and find that both scale almost linearly with the inverse of the resonator size. Scaling down the loops of the planar microresonators from 500 down to 20 mum improves the microwave efficiency and the sensitivity of these structures by more than an order of magnitude and reduces the microwave power requirements by more than two orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Narkowicz
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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