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Yu C, Ma L, Li S, Tan H, Zhou Y, Yan D. HBP Builder: A Tool to Generate Hyperbranched Polymers and Hyperbranched Multi-Arm Copolymers for Coarse-grained and Fully Atomistic Molecular Simulations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26264. [PMID: 27188541 PMCID: PMC4870682 DOI: 10.1038/srep26264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer simulation has been becoming a versatile tool that can investigate detailed information from the microscopic scale to the mesoscopic scale. However, the crucial first step of molecular simulation is model building, particularly for hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) and hyperbranched multi-arm copolymers (HBMCs) with complex and various topological structures. Unlike well-defined polymers, not only the molar weight of HBPs/HBMCs with polydispersity, but the HBPs/HBMCs with the same degree of polymerization (DP) and degree of branching (DB) also have many possible topological structures, thus making difficulties for user to build model in molecular simulation. In order to build a bridge between model building and molecular simulation of HBPs and HBMCs, we developed HBP Builder, a C language open source HBPs/HBMCs building toolkit. HBP Builder implements an automated protocol to build various coarse-grained and fully atomistic structures of HBPs/HBMCs according to user's specific requirements. Meanwhile, coarse-grained and fully atomistic output structures can be directly employed in popular simulation packages, including HOOMD, Tinker and Gromacs. Moreover, HBP Builder has an easy-to-use graphical user interface and the modular architecture, making it easy to extend and reuse it as a part of other program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shanlong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Haina Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Yu C, Ma L, Li K, Li S, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Yan D. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of hyperbranched polyglycerols and their encapsulation behaviors of small drug molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22446-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03726g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computer simulation could disclose more details about the conformations of HPGs and their encapsulation behaviors of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Shanlong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yannan Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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Karatasos K. Graphene/Hyperbranched Polymer Nanocomposites: Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Karatasos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Theoretical and computational studies of dendrimers as delivery vectors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:705-27. [PMID: 23114420 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is a great challenge for nanomedicine to develop novel dendrimers with maximum therapeutic potential and minimum side-effects for drug and gene delivery. As delivery vectors, dendrimers must overcome lots of barriers before delivering the bio-agents to the target in the cell. Extensive experimental investigations have been carried out to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of dendrimers and explore their behaviors when interacting with biomolecules, such as gene materials, proteins, and lipid membranes. As a supplement of the experimental techniques, it has been proved that computer simulations could facilitate the progress in understanding the delivery process of bioactive molecules. The structures of dendrimers in dilute solutions have been intensively investigated by monomer-resolved simulations, coarse-grained simulations, and atom-resolved simulations. Atomistic simulations have manifested that the hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen-bond interactions, and electrostatic attraction play critical roles in the formation of dendrimer-drug complexes. Multiscale simulations and statistical field theories have uncovered some physical mechanisms involved in the dendrimer-based gene delivery systems. This review will focus on the current status and perspective of theoretical and computational contributions in this field in recent years. (275 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Eleftheriou E, Karatasos K. Modeling the formation of ordered nano-assemblies comprised by dendrimers and linear polyelectrolytes: the role of Coulombic interactions. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:144905. [PMID: 23061863 DOI: 10.1063/1.4757666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Models of mixtures of peripherally charged dendrimers with oppositely charged linear polyelectrolytes in the presence of explicit solvent are studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Under the influence of varying strength of electrostatic interactions, these systems appear to form dynamically arrested film-like interconnected structures in the polymer-rich phase. Acting like a pseudo-thermodynamic inverse temperature, the increase of the strength of the Coulombic interactions drive the polymeric constituents of the mixture to a gradual dynamic freezing-in. The timescale of the average density fluctuations of the formed complexes initially increases in the weak electrostatic regime reaching a finite limit as the strength of electrostatic interactions grow. Although the models are overall electrically neutral, during this process the dendrimer/linear complexes develop a polar character with an excess charge mainly close to the periphery of the dendrimers. The morphological characteristics of the resulted pattern are found to depend on the size of the polymer chains on account of the distinct conformational features assumed by the complexed linear polyelectrolytes of different length. In addition, the length of the polymer chain appears to affect the dynamics of the counterions, thus affecting the ionic transport properties of the system. It appears, therefore, that the strength of electrostatic interactions together with the length of the linear polyelectrolytes are parameters to which these systems are particularly responsive, offering thus the possibility for a better control of the resulted structure and the electric properties of these soft-colloidal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Eleftheriou
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Simulation of Complexes between a Charged Dendrimer and a Linear Polyelectrolyte with Finite Rigidity. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Conformational Effects in Non-Stoichiometric Complexes of Two Hyperbranched Molecules with a Linear Polyelectrolyte. Polymers (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/polym4010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chen P, Yao L, Liu Y, Luo J, Zhou G, Jiang B. Experimental and theoretical study of dilute polyacrylamide solutions: effect of salt concentration. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3153-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Markelov DA, Matveev VV, Ingman P, Lähderanta E, Boiko NI. Average relaxation time of internal spectrum for carbosilane dendrimers: nuclear magnetic resonance studies. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:124901. [PMID: 21974558 DOI: 10.1063/1.3638177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new theoretical description of the interior mobility of carbosilane dendrimers has been tested. Experiments were conducted using measurements of the (1)H NMR spin-lattice relaxation time, T(1H), of two-, three- and four-generation carbosilane dendrimers with three different types of terminal groups in dilute chloroform solutions. Temperature dependences of the NMR relaxation rate, 1/T(1H), were obtained for the internal CH(2)-groups of the dendrimers in the range of 1/T(1H) maximum, allowing us to directly evaluate the average time of the internal spectrum for each dendrimer. It was found that the temperature of 1/T(1H) maximum is practically independent of the number of generations, G; therefore, the theoretical prediction was confirmed experimentally. In addition, the average time of the internal spectrum of carbosilane dendrimers was found to be near 0.2 ns at room temperature, and this value correlates well with the values previously obtained for other dendrimer structures using other experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Markelov
- Laboratory of Physics, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland.
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Monte Carlo simulations of charged dendrimer-linear polyelectrolyte complexes and explicit counterions. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:204902. [PMID: 21639472 DOI: 10.1063/1.3592558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study complexes composed of one dendrimer of generation G = 4 (G4 dendrimer) with N(t) = 32 charged terminal groups and an oppositely charged linear polyelectrolyte accompanied by neutralizing counterions in an athermal solvent using Monte Carlo simulations based on the bond fluctuation model. In our study both the full Coulomb potential and the excluded volume interactions are taken into account explicitly with the reduced temperature τ and the chain length N(ch) as the main simulation parameters. Our calculations indicate that there exist three temperature ranges that determine the behavior of such complexes. At τ(complex) stable charged dendrimer-linear polyelectrolyte complexes are formed first, which are subsequently accompanied by selective counterion localization within the complex interior at τ(loc) ≤ τ(complex), and counterion condensation as temperature is further decreased below τ(cond) < τ(loc). In particular, we observe that condensation takes place exclusively on the excess charges in the complex and thus no condensation is observed at the compensation point (N(ch) = N(t)), irrespective of τ. For N(ch) ≠ N(t) the complex is overally charged. Furthermore, we discuss the size and structure of the dendrimer and the linear polyelectrolyte within the complex, as well as spatial distributions of monomers and counterions. Conformations of the chain in the bound state are analysed in terms of loops, trains, and tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kłos
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Wang L, He X, Chen Y. Diffusion-limited hyperbranched polymers with substitution effect. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:104901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3560643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Konkolewicz D, Gray-Weale A, Perrier S. The structure of randomly branched polymers synthesized by living radical methods. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tanis I, Karatasos K. Local Dynamics and Hydrogen Bonding in Hyperbranched Aliphatic Polyesters. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901890f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Tanis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K. Karatasos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tanis I, Tragoudaras D, Karatasos K, Anastasiadis SH. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Hyperbranched Poly(ester amide): Statics, Dynamics, and Hydrogen Bonding. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:5356-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8097999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Tanis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 710 03 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - D. Tragoudaras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 710 03 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - K. Karatasos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 710 03 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - S. H. Anastasiadis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, and Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 710 03 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Markelov DA, Lyulin SV, Gotlib YY, Lyulin AV, Matveev VV, Lahderanta E, Darinskii AA. Orientational mobility and relaxation spectra of dendrimers: Theory and computer simulation. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:044907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3063116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tanis I, Karatasos K. Molecular dynamics simulations of polyamidoamine dendrimers and their complexes with linear poly(ethylene oxide) at different pH conditions: static properties and hydrogen bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:10017-28. [DOI: 10.1039/b913986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The location of the end-groups in hyperbranched polymers is modelled by considering two synthetic strategies. The first synthesis is to make linear chains, and then link these chains. The second strategy is to sequentially add multifunctional monomers. The first strategy represents hyperbranched polymers synthesized by living radical methods, whereas the second represents polycondensations at low conversion. The high-conversion case is also considered. The present analysis suggests that sequential addition of monomers places more end-groups at the polymer’s surface than synthesis by linking chains. If the end-groups are catalysts, synthesis by the addition of monomers should give fewer inaccessible catalysts.
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Lyulin SV, Darinskii AA, Lyulin AV. Energetic and conformational aspects of dendrimer overcharging by linear polyelectrolytes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:041801. [PMID: 18999446 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.041801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Extensive Brownian dynamics simulations of conformational changes accompanying the overcharging of a dendrimer by an oppositely charged long linear polyelectrolyte (LPE) have been carried out. The simulated results have been compared with the predictions of the Nguen and Shklovskii correlation theory [Physica A 293, 324 (2001)] for impenetrable charged spherical macroion. Dendrimer overcharging is caused by the spatial correlations between the "excess" of the LPE charges adsorbed onto its surface. The simulated LPE-length dependence of the corresponding "correlation" energy is in agreement with the theoretical predictions. Maximum of the LPE adsorption occurs at some critical LPE length N{ch};{c} , and the first order phase transition from completely coiled conformation to the conformation with released tails takes place. The phase transition is accompanied by the drastic increase in the relative fluctuations of the polyelectrolyte size. Upon increasing the linear-chain length above N{ch};{c} , the one-long-tail conformation becomes energetically preferable; the exchange time between the long-tail conformation and the short-tail conformation is very large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Lyulin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj Prospect 31, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia.
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Dalakoglou GK, Karatasos K, Lyulin SV, Lyulin AV. Shear-induced effects in hyperbranched-linear polyelectrolyte complexes. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:034901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2952518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lyulin S, Karatasos K, Darinskii A, Larin S, Lyulin A. Structural effects in overcharging in complexes of hyperbranched polymers with linear polyelectrolytes. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:453-457. [PMID: 32907203 DOI: 10.1039/b716647h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New insight is provided by a combined theoretical and simulational approach regarding the effects of structural characteristics of the constituents, on the overcharging phenomena in complexes formed by hyperbranched polymers with linear polyelectrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Lyulin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr. 31, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia.
| | - Kostas Karatasos
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
| | - Anatolij Darinskii
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr. 31, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia.
| | - Sergey Larin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr. 31, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia.
| | - Alexey Lyulin
- Group Polymer Physics, Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories and Dutch Polymer Institute, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, MB Eindhoven, 5600, The Netherlands.
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