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Nakamura K, Ito S, Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Effect of total charge on the electronic structure of thiolate-protected X@Ag 12 superatoms (X = Ag, Au). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5955-5959. [PMID: 36649091 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structures of chemically synthesized silver-based clusters [XAg16(TBBT)12]3- (X = Ag or Au; TBBT = 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate) having an icosahedral X@Ag12 superatomic core were studied by gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The electron binding energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with a 1P superatomic nature was determined to be 0.23 and 0.29 eV for X = Ag or Au, respectively. Resonant tunnelling electron emission through the repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) was observed. From the kinetic energy of the tunnelling electrons, it was estimated that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was supported at 1.51 and 1.62 eV above the vacuum level by the RCB for X = Ag or Au, respectively. The HOMO of [XAg16(TBBT)12]3- (X = Ag or Au) was destabilized by 3.74 and 3.71 eV, respectively, compared with those of [XAg24(DMBT)18]- (DMBT = 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiolate) having the icosahedral X@Ag12 core due to the larger negative charge imparted by the ligand layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunosuke Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Finkler B, Spies C, Vester M, Walte F, Omlor K, Riemann I, Zimmer M, Stracke F, Gerhards M, Jung G. Highly photostable "super"-photoacids for ultrasensitive fluorescence spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:548-62. [PMID: 24469857 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50404b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoacid 8-hydroxypyren-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (HPTS, pyranine) is a widely used model compound for the examination of excited state proton transfer (ESPT). We synthesized five "super"-photoacids with varying hydrophilicity and acidity on the basis of HPTS. By chemical modification of the three sulfonic acid substituents, the photoacidity is enhanced by up to more than five logarithmic units from pK*≈ 1.4 to ∼-3.9 for the most acidic compound. As a result, nearly quantitative ESPT in DMSO can be observed. The novel photoacids were characterized by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques showing distinctively red shifted spectra compared to HPTS while maintaining a high quantum yield near 90%. Photostability of the compounds was checked by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and was found to be adequately high for ultrasensitive fluorescence spectroscopy. The described photoacids present a valuable palette for a wide range of applications, especially when the properties of HPTS, i.e. highly charged, low photostability and only moderate excited state acidity, are limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Finkler
- Biophysical Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus B2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Verlet JRR, Horke DA, Chatterley AS. Excited states of multiply-charged anions probed by photoelectron imaging: riding the repulsive Coulomb barrier. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15043-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress towards understanding the repulsive Coulomb barrier in multiply-charged anion using photoelectron spectroscopy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A. Horke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science
- DESY
- 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Sabzyan H, Keshavarz E, Noorisafa Z. Diatomic dications and dianions. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-013-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ning CG, Dau PD, Wang LS. Guiding electron emissions by excess negative charges in multiply charged molecular anions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:263001. [PMID: 21231651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using photoelectron imaging, we show the effects of excess negative charges on the directions of outgoing electrons in multiply charged anions. Photoemissions are observed to occur either in a perpendicular or parallel direction, depending on the molecular configurations and origins of the detached electrons. Detachment of the π electrons from biphenyl-disulfonate dianions is shown to occur in a perpendicular direction due to the Coulomb repulsion from the two terminal charges, whereas detachment from the sulfonate groups in linear aliphatic disulfonates occurs in parallel directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Gang Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Xing XP, Wang XB, Wang LS. Photoelectron Imaging of Doubly Charged Anions, −O2C(CH2)nCO2− (n = 2−8): Observation of Near 0 eV Electrons Due to Secondary Dissociative Autodetachment. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4524-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1011523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Xing
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Wang XB, Sergeeva AP, Xing XP, Massaouti M, Karpuschkin T, Hampe O, Boldyrev AI, Kappes MM, Wang LS. Probing the Electronic Stability of Multiply Charged Anions: Sulfonated Pyrene Tri- and Tetraanions. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:9836-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Cheme, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe,
| | - Alina P. Sergeeva
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Cheme, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe,
| | - Xiao-Peng Xing
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Cheme, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe,
| | - Maria Massaouti
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Cheme, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe,
| | - Tatjana Karpuschkin
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Cheme, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe,
| | - Oliver Hampe
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Cheme, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe,
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Cheme, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe,
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Cheme, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe,
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Institut für Physikalische Cheme, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe,
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
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Xing XP, Wang XB, Wang LS. Photoelectron Angular Distribution and Molecular Structure in Multiply Charged Anions. J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:945-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8073442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Xing
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical & Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
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Sandhu AS, Gagnon E, Santra R, Sharma V, Li W, Ho P, Ranitovic P, Cocke CL, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC. Observing the Creation of Electronic Feshbach Resonances in Soft X-ray–Induced O
2
Dissociation. Science 2008; 322:1081-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvinder S. Sandhu
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Etienne Gagnon
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Robin Santra
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Vandana Sharma
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Wen Li
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Phay Ho
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Predrag Ranitovic
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - C. Lewis Cocke
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Margaret M. Murnane
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Henry C. Kapteyn
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. MacDonald Lab, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Wang XB, Wang LS. Development of a low-temperature photoelectron spectroscopy instrument using an electrospray ion source and a cryogenically controlled ion trap. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:073108. [PMID: 18681692 DOI: 10.1063/1.2957610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control ion temperatures is critical for gas phase spectroscopy and has been a challenge in chemical physics. A low-temperature photoelectron spectroscopy instrument has been developed for the investigation of complex anions in the gas phase, including multiply charged anions, solvated species, and biological molecules. The new apparatus consists of an electrospray ionization source, a three dimensional (3D) Paul trap for ion accumulation and cooling, a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and a magnetic-bottle photoelectron analyzer. A key feature of the new instrument is the capability to cool and tune ion temperatures from 10 to 350 K in the 3D Paul trap, which is attached to the cold head of a closed cycle helium refrigerator. Ion cooling is accomplished in the Paul trap via collisions with a background gas and has been demonstrated by observation of complete elimination of vibrational hot bands in photoelectron spectra of various anions ranging from small molecules to complex species. Further evidence of ion cooling is shown by the observation of H2-physisorbed anions at low temperatures. Cold anions result in better resolved photoelectron spectra due to the elimination of vibrational hot bands and yield more accurate energetic and spectroscopic information. Temperature-dependent studies are made possible for weakly bonded molecular and solvated clusters, allowing thermodynamic information to be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99354, USA and Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS 8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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