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Jakhar M, Kandalam AK, Pandey R, Kiran B, Karna SP. Density functional theory study of the structure, stability, magnetic properties, and (hyper)polarizability of (sub-nm) rare-earth (RE) doped gold clusters: Au5RE with RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144306. [PMID: 38597314 DOI: 10.1063/5.0195123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare-earth doped materials are of immense interest for their potential applications in linear and nonlinear photonics. There is also intense interest in sub-nanometer gold clusters due to their enhanced stability and unique optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. To leverage their emergent properties, here we report a systematic study of the geometries, stability, electronic, magnetic, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of Au5RE (RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu) clusters using density-functional theory. Several low-energy isomers consisting of planar or non-planar configurations are identified. For most doped clusters, the non-planar configuration is energetically favored. In the case of La-, Pm-, Gd-, and Ho-doped clusters, a competition between planar and non-planar isomers is predicted. A distinct preference for the planar configuration is predicted for Au5Eu, Au5Sm, Au5Tb, Au5Tm, and Au5Yb. The distinction between the planar and non-planar configurations is highlighted by the calculated highest frequencies, with the stretching mode of the non-planar configuration predicted to be stiffer than the planar configuration. The bonding analysis reveals the dominance of the RE-d orbitals in the formation of frontier molecular orbitals, which, in turn, facilitates retaining the magnetic characteristics governed by RE-f orbitals, preventing spin-quenching of rare earths in the doped clusters. In addition, the doped clusters exhibit small energy gaps between frontier orbitals, large dipole moments, and enhanced hyperpolarizability compared to the host cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Jakhar
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Anil K Kandalam
- Department of Physics and Engineering, West Chester University of PA, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19341, USA
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - B Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana 70609, USA
| | - Shashi P Karna
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Army Research Directorate, ATTN: FCDD-RLA-A, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005-5069, USA
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2
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Probing the structural, electronic, and adsorptive properties of Au 16O 2- clusters. J Mol Model 2020; 26:337. [PMID: 33169289 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made in O2 adsorption on gold clusters. However, systematic investigations of O2 adsorption on [Formula: see text] clusters have not been reported. Here, we present a systematic study of the structural, electronic, and adsorptive properties of [Formula: see text] clusters by density functional theory (DFT) calculations coupled with stochastic kicking method. Global minimum searches for [Formula: see text] reveal that exohedral derivatives are more favored. Furthermore, the obtained ground-state structure exhibits significant stability, as judged by its larger adsorption energy (1.16 eV) and a larger HOMO-LUMO gap (0.57 eV). The simulated photoelectron spectra (PES) of [Formula: see text] isomers will be instructive to identify the structures in future experiments. There are three interesting discoveries in the present paper: (1) O2 undergoes chemical adsorption onto the parent [Formula: see text] clusters, but the amount of the adsorption energy is related to the parent [Formula: see text] clusters; (2) the process that O2 undergoes dissociative adsorption onto the parent [Formula: see text] clusters is exothermic; (3) [Formula: see text] isomers show smaller X-A energy gaps than those of parent [Formula: see text] clusters, reflecting that their geometric and electronic structures are distorted remarkably due to dissociative adsorption of O2.
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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Li HF, Wang HQ. Stabilization of golden cages by encapsulation of a single transition metal atom. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171019. [PMID: 29410813 PMCID: PMC5792890 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Golden cage-doped nanoclusters have attracted great attention in the past decade due to their remarkable electronic, optical and catalytic properties. However, the structures of large golden cage doped with Mo and Tc are still not well known because of the challenges in global structural searches. Here, we report anionic and neutral golden cage doped with a transition metal atom MAu16 (M = Mo and Tc) using Saunders 'Kick' stochastic automation search method associated with density-functional theory (DFT) calculation (SK-DFT). The geometric structures and electronic properties of the doped clusters, MAu16q (M = Mo and Tc; q = 0 and -1), are investigated by means of DFT theoretical calculations. Our calculations confirm that the 4d transition metals Mo and Tc can be stably encapsulated in the Au16- cage, forming three different configurations, i.e. endohedral cages, planar structures and exohedral derivatives. The ground-state structures of endohedral cages C2v Mo@Au16--(a) and C1 Tc@Au16--(b) exhibit a marked stability, as judged by their high binding energy per atom (greater than 2.46 eV), doping energy (0.29 eV) as well as a large HOMO-LUMO gap (greater than 0.40 eV). The predicted photoelectron spectra should aid in future experimental characterization of MAu16- (M = Mo and Tc).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, People's Republic of China
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Trombach L, Rampino S, Wang LS, Schwerdtfeger P. Hollow Gold Cages and Their Topological Relationship to Dual Fullerenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:8823-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Trombach
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study; Massey University Auckland; Private Bag 102904 0632 Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Brown University; 324 Brook Street Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study; Massey University Auckland; Private Bag 102904 0632 Auckland New Zealand
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6
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Ab initio calculations of the structure, energetics and stability of Au n Ti ( n = 1–32) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Gu T, Zhang H, Luo Y, Cao W. First-Principles Investigations of Chirality in Trimetallic Alloy Clusters: AlMnAun (n = 1–7). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3458-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511575y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department
of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Department
of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Teng Gu
- Department
of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Advanced Materials
Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department
of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Youhua Luo
- Department
of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department
of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
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8
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Abstract
The endohedral structures of MAu16− (M = Y, Zr and Nb) nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Quanzhou
- China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Quanzhou
- China
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9
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Tang C, Zhu W, Zhang K, He X, Zhu F. The density functional studies of the doped gold cages Au17M (M=Cu, Ag, Li, Na, K). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Probing the structural and electronic properties of bimetallic chromium-gold clusters CrmAun(m+n≤6): comparison with pure chromium and gold clusters. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2385. [PMID: 25081608 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic chromium-gold CrmAun(m+n≤6) clusters are systematically investigated using the density functional theory at PW91P86 level with LanL2TZ basis set to understand the evolution of various structural, electronic, magnetic, and energetic properties as a function of size (m+n) and composition (m/n) of the system. Theoretical results show a logical evolution of the properties depending on the size and the composition of the system. Cr m clusters clearly prefer 3D structures while Au n clusters favor planar configurations. The geometry of the bimetallic Cr m Au n clusters mainly depends on their composition, i.e., clusters enriched in Cr atoms prefer 3D structures while increasing Au contents promotes planar configurations. The stability is maximized when the composition of binary Cr m Au n clusters is nearly balanced. Meanwhile, the number of hetero Cr-Au bonds and charge transfer from Cr to Au are maximized for clusters with m≈n. The most probable dissociation channels of the Cr m Au n clusters are calculated and analyzed. Natural population analysis reveals that Au atoms tend to be negatively charged while Cr atoms tend to be positively charged. Combined with the trend that Au atoms favor the surface/edges/vertices and Cr atoms tend to be inside, the outer part of the cluster tends to be negatively charged, and the inner part tends to be positively charged.
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11
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Erdogdu Y, Jian T, Lopez GV, Li WL, Wang LS. On the electronic structure and chemical bonding of titanium tetraauride: TiAu 4 and TiAu 4 −. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Li HF, Wang HQ. Probing the stability of neutral and anionic transition-metal-doped golden cage nanoclusters: M@Au16(M = Sc, Ti, V). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:244-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53292e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Endohedrally doping the gold cage with an trivalent atom B, Al, Ga, and In: Density functional studies. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Yang HW, Lu WC, Zhao LZ, Qin W, Yang WH, Xue XY. Structures and Electronic Properties of the SiAun (n = 17–20) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2672-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3004807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Wen Yang
- College of Physical Science and Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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Wang LM, Wang LS. Probing the electronic properties and structural evolution of anionic gold clusters in the gas phase. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4038-4053. [PMID: 22517376 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30186e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have been discovered to exhibit remarkable catalytic properties in contrast to the chemical inertness of bulk gold. A prerequisite to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the catalytic effect of nanogold is a detailed understanding of the structural and electronic properties of gold clusters as a function of size. In this review, we describe joint experimental studies (mainly photoelectron spectroscopy) and theoretical calculations to probe the structural properties of anionic gold clusters. Electronic properties and structural evolutions of all known Au(n)(-) clusters as experimentally confirmed to date are summarized, covering the size ranges of n = 3-35 and 55-64. Recent experimental efforts in resolving the isomeric issues of small gold clusters using Ar-tagging, O(2)-titration and isoelectronic substitution are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Ming Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Zhang M, Zhang H, Zhao L, Li Y, Luo Y. Low-energy isomer identification, structural evolution, and magnetic properties in manganese-doped gold clusters MnAu(n) (n = 1-16). J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1493-502. [PMID: 22225504 DOI: 10.1021/jp2094406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The size-dependent electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped gold clusters have been systematically investigated by using relativistic all-electron density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. A number of new isomers are obtained for neutral MnAu(n) (n = 1-16) clusters to probe the structural evolution. The two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) transition occurs in the size range n = 7-10 with manifest structure competitions. From size n = 13 to n = 16, the MnAu(n) prefers a gold cage structure with Mn atom locating at the center. The relative stabilities of the ground-state MnAu(n) clusters show a pronounced odd-even oscillation with the number of Au atoms. The magnetic moments of MnAu(n) clusters vary from 3 μ(B) to 6 μ(B) with the different cluster size, suggesting that nonmagnetic Au(n) clusters can serve as a flexible host to tailor the dopant's magnetism, which has potential applications in new nanomaterials with tunable magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Kang SH, Kim G, Kwon YK. Adsorption properties of chalcogen atoms on a golden buckyball Au16(-) from first principles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:505301. [PMID: 22126961 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/50/505301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles density functional theory, we investigate the adsorption properties of chalcogen elements (oxygen and sulfur) on an anionic golden nanocage Au(16)(-) and its effects on the structural and electronic properties of the golden cage. In particular, we find that when a sulfur atom is encapsulated inside Au(16)(-), its bonding character with Au atoms appears ionic due to electron transfer from sulfur to the gold nanocage. In contrast, the exohedrally adsorbed S atom tends to have strong orbital hybridization with the golden nanocage. For an oxygen adsorption case, electrons from the golden cage tend to be shared with the adsorbed O atom exhibiting strong orbital hybridization, regardless of its adsorption sites. To investigate the transition behaviors between the most stable exohedral and endohedral adsorption configurations, we calculate the activation and reaction energies in the transition. The oxygen atom experiences a lower energy barrier than the sulfur atom due to its smaller atomic radius. Finally, we explore the vibrational properties of S- or O-adsorbed Au(16)(-) buckyballs by calculating their infrared spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Hun Kang
- Department of Physics and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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18
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Fabiano E, Constantin LA, Sala FD. Exchange-correlation generalized gradient approximation for gold nanostructures. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:194112. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3587054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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De Haeck J, Veldeman N, Claes P, Janssens E, Andersson M, Lievens P. Carbon Monoxide Adsorption on Silver Doped Gold Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2103-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111257s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorg De Haeck
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Veldeman
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Environmental Modeling, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Pieterjan Claes
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mats Andersson
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Lievens
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Lin L, Claes P, Gruene P, Meijer G, Fielicke A, Nguyen M, Lievens P. Far-Infrared Spectra of Yttrium-Doped Gold Clusters AunY (n=1-9). Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1932-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen G, Wang Q, Sun Q, Kawazoe Y, Jena P. Structures of neutral and anionic Au16 clusters revisited. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:194306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3427293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Huang W, Bulusu S, Pal R, Zeng XC, Wang LS. CO chemisorption on the surfaces of the golden cages. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:234305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3273326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Structure, stability and electronic property of the gold-doped germanium clusters: AuGe n (n = 2–13). Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lin L, Kita Y, Udagawa T, Sakai S, Nguyen MT. Electronic structure of the mixed aluminum and sodium cluster Al2Na. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Wang LM, Pal R, Huang W, Zeng XC, Wang LS. Tuning the electronic properties of the golden buckyball by endohedral doping: M@Au16− (M=Ag,Zn,In). J Chem Phys 2009; 130:051101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3073884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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