1
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Wang K, Zhao J, Guo J, Chen S, Zhao Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Liu L, Wang C, Liu Z. Magnetic properties of CrMnGe n (n = 3-20) clusters. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:2318-2324. [PMID: 38872590 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Due to the potential applications in next-generation micro/nano electronic devices and functional materials, magnetic germanium (Ge)-based clusters are receiving increasing attention. In this work, we reported the structures, electronic and magnetic properties of CrMnGen with sizes n = 3-20. Transition metals (TMs) of Cr and Mn tend to stay together and be surrounded by Ge atoms. Small sized clusters with n ≤ 8 prefer to adopt bipyramid-based structures as the motifs with the excess Ge atoms absorbed on the surface. Starting from n = 9, the structure with one TM atom interior appears and persists until n = 16, and for larger sizes n = 17-20, the two TM atoms are full-encapsulated by Ge atoms to form endohedral structures. The Hirshfeld population analyses show that Cr atom always acts as the electron donor, while Mn atom is always the acceptor except for sizes 3 and 6. The average binding energies of these clusters increase with cluster size n, sharing a very similar trend as that of CrMnSin (n = 4-20) clusters, which indicates that it is favorable to form large-sized clusters. CrMnGen (n = 6, 13, 16, 19, and 20) clusters prefer to exhibit ferromagnetic Cr-Mn coupling, while the remaining clusters are ferrimagnetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Junji Guo
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Shanbao Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yapeng Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yarui Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Le Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Chaoyong Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
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2
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Lu SJ, Gao ZO. Structural evolution and bonding properties of Nb1-2Gen-/0 (n = 3-7) clusters: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164306. [PMID: 38647305 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a collaborative experimental and theoretical investigation into the structures and electronic properties of niobium-doped germanium clusters. Anion photoelectron spectra for Nb1-2Gen- (n = 3-7) clusters were acquired using 266 nm photon energies, enabling the determination of adiabatic detachment energies and vertical detachment energies. In conjunction with these experimental measurements, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to validate the experimentally obtained electron detachment energies and elucidate the geometric and electronic structures of each anionic cluster. The agreement between DFT calculations and experimental data establishes a solid foundation for assessing the structural evolution and electronic properties of niobium-doped germanium clusters. It is noted that both neutral and anionic clusters exhibit predominantly similar overall structural characteristics, with the exception of Nb2Ge6- and Nb2Ge6. Furthermore, this investigation emphasizes the exceptional chemical stability of the D3d symmetric chair-shaped structure in Nb2Ge6-, providing insights into its bonding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
| | - Zhao-Ou Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Jiang Y, Aireti M, Leng X, Ji X, Liu J, Cui X, Duan H, Jing Q, Cao H. Structures, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of CoK n ( n = 2-12) Clusters: A Particle Swarm Optimization Prediction Jointed with First-Principles Investigation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2155. [PMID: 37570473 PMCID: PMC10420966 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-doped clusters have long been attracting great attention due to their unique geometries and interesting physical and/or chemical properties. In this paper, the geometries of the lowest- and lower-energy CoKn (n = 2-12) clusters have been screened out using particle swarm optimization and first principles relaxation. The results show that except for CoK2 the other CoKn (n = 3-12) clusters are all three-dimensional structures, and CoK7 is the transition structure from which the lowest energy structures are cobalt atom-centered cage-like structures. The stability, the electronic structures, and the magnetic properties of CoKn clusters (n = 2-12) clusters are further investigated using the first principles method. The results show that the medium-sized clusters whose geometries are cage-like structures are more stable than smaller-sized clusters. The electronic configuration of CoKn clusters could be described as 1S1P1D according to the spherical jellium model. The main components of petal-shaped D molecular orbitals are Co-d and K-s states or Co-d and Co-s states, and the main components of sphere-like S molecular orbitals or spindle-like P molecular orbitals are K-s states or Co-s states. Co atoms give the main contribution to the total magnetic moments, and K atoms can either enhance or attenuate the total magnetic moments. CoKn (n = 5-8) clusters have relatively large magnetic moments, which has a relation to the strong Co-K bond and the large amount of charge transfer. CoK4 could be a magnetic superatom with a large magnetic moment of 5 μB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China; (Y.J.); (M.A.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (Q.J.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Maidina Aireti
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China; (Y.J.); (M.A.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (Q.J.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xudong Leng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China; (Y.J.); (M.A.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (Q.J.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xu Ji
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China; (Y.J.); (M.A.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (Q.J.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China; (Y.J.); (M.A.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (Q.J.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xiuhua Cui
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China; (Y.J.); (M.A.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (Q.J.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Haiming Duan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China; (Y.J.); (M.A.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (Q.J.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Qun Jing
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China; (Y.J.); (M.A.); (X.L.); (X.J.); (J.L.); (Q.J.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Road, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Haibin Cao
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
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4
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Wang K. Cr 2 Ge n - (n = 15-20) clusters with two Cr atoms exhibited antiferromagnetic coupling. J Comput Chem 2023. [PMID: 37083251 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the structural evolution, electronic and magnetic properties of Cr2 Gen - clusters for n = 15-20 by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Low-energy structures for these clusters were fully searched through a self-developed genetic algorithm code combined with DFT calculations. The calculations show that all the two Cr atoms prefer to stay together to form a strong CrCr bond, which-except for size 20-is shorter than the nearest neighbor distance in Cr bulk. Sizes 15 and 16 adopt a wheel-like structure as the structural motif with the extra Ge atoms capped on the top, while larger sizes (n = 17-20) prefer fullerene-like Cr2 @Ge12 motifs. From the results of the average binding energies of Cr2 Gen - , one can conclude that it is easier to form larger size clusters. In these lowest-lying isomers except for size 16, the two Cr atoms contribute opposite magnetic moments for the total magnetic moments of 1 μB , showing an antiferromagnetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
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5
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Dai WS, Yang B, Yan ST, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Structural and Electronic Properties of LaSi n-/0 ( n = 2-6) Clusters: Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10557-10567. [PMID: 34870422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structures and electronic properties of LaSin- (n = 2-6) anions and their neutral counterparts were investigated by anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The vertical detachment energies of the most stable structures of LaSin- (n = 2-6) were measured to be 1.28, 1.58, 2.30, 2.05, and 2.91 eV, respectively. The lowest-energy isomer of LaSi2- is an isosceles triangle with a C2v symmetry. For LaSi3-6- clusters, the most stable isomers are polyhedrons with La atom face-capping the Sin frameworks. The lowest-energy structures of neutral LaSi2,4,5 clusters are similar to their anionic counterparts. The most stable isomer of neutral LaSi3 is a planar structure with C2v symmetry, which is different from the triangular pyramid structure of LaSi3- anion. The lowest-energy isomer of LaSi6- is a C5v symmetric pentagonal bipyramid structure, while for neutral LaSi6 cluster, the C5v structure is not the most stable one. The natural population analysis showed that there is electron transfer from La atoms to Si atoms in LaSin-/0 (n = 2-6). The ZZ tensor component in isochemical shielding surfaces and the anisotropy of the induced current density analyses indicate that the most stable isomer of LaSi6- has aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuai Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Shuai-Ting Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Fan YW, Kong XY, Zhao LJ, Wang HQ, Li HF, Zhan Q, Xie B, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. A joint experimental and theoretical study on structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of MnGe n - (n = 3-14) clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204302. [PMID: 34241172 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic structure and property investigation of MnGen - (n = 3-14) was conducted by means of density functional theory coupled with mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy. This combined theoretical and experimental study allows global minimum and coexistence structures to be identified. It is found that the pentagonal bipyramid shape is the basic framework for the nascent growth process of MnGen - (n = 3-10), and from n = 10, the endohedral structures can be found. For n = 12, the anion MnGe12 - cluster probably includes two isomers: a major isomer with a puckered hexagonal prism geometry and a minor isomer with a distorted icosahedron geometry. Specifically, the puckered hexagonal prism isomer follows the Wade-Mingos rules and can be suggested as a new kind of superatom with the magnetic property. Furthermore, the results of adaptive natural density partitioning and deformation density analyses suggest a polar covalent interaction between Ge and Mn for endohedral clusters of MnGe12 -. The spin density and natural population analysis indicate that MnGen - clusters have high magnetic moments localized on Mn. The density of states diagram visually shows the significant spin polarization for endohedral structures and reveals the weak interaction between the Ge 4p orbital and the 4s, 3d orbitals of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Fan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Qian Zhan
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Biao Xie
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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7
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Tran VT, Tran QT. Interpretation of photoelectron spectra of CoGe n- (n = 4, 5) clusters by multiconfigurational RASPT2 calculations. J Mol Model 2021; 27:131. [PMID: 33893559 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The low-lying electronic states CoGen-/0 (n = 4, 5) have been investigated with density functional theory and the state-of-the-art RASSCF/RASPT2 method to give assignments for the anion photoelectron spectra. The BP86 functional was employed to optimize the geometrical structures of the electronic states, while the RASSCF/RASPT2 was applied to calculate the single-point energies. With the RASSCF/RASPT2 approach, the active spaces are extended to a size of 21 orbitals for CoGe4-/0 and 24 orbitals for CoGe5-/0. The ground states of CoGe4-/0 are determined to be 3A″ and 2A″ of a trigonal bipyramidal structure in which the Co atom is situated at the equatorial corner of the bipyramid. The vertical detachment energies of the transitions from the anionic ground state to the neutral 2A″, 14A″, 2A', 24A″, 34A″, 14A', 24A', and 64A″ states are evaluated to be 2.29, 2.39, 2.60, 2.83, 3.17, 3.24, 3.47, and 4.00 eV. For the CoGe5-/0 clusters, the ground states are computed to be 1A1 and 12A2 of an octahedral structure. The vertical detachment energies of the removal of one electron from the anionic ground state to result in the 12A2, 12A1, 22A1, 12B1, 12B2, 42B1, 42B2, and 62A2 states are estimated to be 2.16, 2.79, 2.84, 3.06, 3.06, 3.59, 3.59, and 4.22 eV. All features in the photoelectron spectra of CoGe4- and CoGe5- are interpreted based on the computed electron detachment energies of the anionic ground states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam.
| | - Quoc Tri Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
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8
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Exploring the structural stability order and electronic properties of transition metal M@Ge12 (M = Co, Pd, Tc, and Zr) doped germanium cage clusters–A density functional simulation. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Theoretical Study on Structural Stability, Growth Behavior and Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Copper-Doped Germanium Clusters CuGen−/0 (n = 4–13). J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-01985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Liu H, Cao H, Cui X, Duan H, Jing Q, Wang Q. The geometry, electronic and magnetic properties of VLi n ( n = 2–13) clusters using the first-principles and PSO method. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1791990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibin Cao
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiming Duan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Jing
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Benaida M, Aiadi KE, Mahtout S, Bentouila O, Djaadi S, Harb M. DFT-based investigation of different properties for transition metal-doped germanium TMGe n (TM = Ru, Rh; n = 1-20) clusters. J Mol Model 2020; 26:343. [PMID: 33201397 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The geometries and energetic, electronic, and magnetic features of transition metal-doped germanium (TMGen with TM = Ru, Rh; n = 1-20) clusters are systematically studied by means of first principle computations on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The doping TM atom largely participates to strengthen the Gen cluster stability by increasing the binding energies. A good stability is obtained for RuGe12, RhGe12, and RhGe14 clusters. The various explored isomers of TMGen clusters possess a total spin magnetic moment going from 0 to 2μB, except for RhGe2 with 3μB. These results open nice perspectives of these good candidate clusters for applications in nanoelectronics and nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Benaida
- Laboratoire de Développement des Energies Nouvelles et Renouvelables en Zones Aride, Université de Ouargla, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria.
| | - Kamal Eddine Aiadi
- Laboratoire de Développement des Energies Nouvelles et Renouvelables en Zones Aride, Université de Ouargla, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Sofiane Mahtout
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Omar Bentouila
- Laboratoire de Développement des Energies Nouvelles et Renouvelables en Zones Aride, Université de Ouargla, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Soumaia Djaadi
- Laboratoire de Développement des Energies Nouvelles et Renouvelables en Zones Aride, Université de Ouargla, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Moussab Harb
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Tan Pham H, Nguyen MT. Structure and Stability of a Trefoil Leaf Motif of Metal-Doped Silicon and Germanium Clusters: M 3@E 20 with E = Si and Ge and M = Fe, Ru, and Os. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8488-8495. [PMID: 32941035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first trefoil leaf-shaped cluster, a novel structural motif, was discovered by quantum chemical computations using density functional theory methods for both binary M3@E20 silicon and germanium clusters in which a metallic M3 cycle is encapsulated within a D3h Si20 or Ge20 cage. The triatomic transition metal Fe3, Ru3, and Os3 cycles exhibit a suitable size to be placed inside both Si and Ge cages and satisfy electronic conditions, which thermodynamically stabilize the mixed clusters. Stabilizing orbital interactions between the M3 cycle and D3h E20 cage crucially contributes to the high stability of the resulting M3@E20 trefoil cluster. The novel trefoil leaf-shaped clusters can be used as building units to create different nanoassemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Computational Chemistry Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational Chemistry Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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13
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Tran VT, Tran QT. Electronic structures of
NbGe
n
−/0/+
(
n
= 1–3) clusters from multiconfigurational
CASPT2
and density matrix renormalization group
‐CASPT2
calculations. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2641-2652. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division Dong Thap University Cao Lanh Dong Thap Vietnam
| | - Quoc Tri Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division Dong Thap University Cao Lanh Dong Thap Vietnam
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14
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Benaida M, Aiadi KE, Mahtout S, Harb M. Theoretical study of the physicochemical characteristics for Boron-Germanium BGen (n = 1–20) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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16
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The effect of palladium and platinum doping on the structure, stability and optical properties of germanium clusters: DFT study of PdGen and PtGen (n = 1–20) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Lu SJ. B 3Ge 12: a aromatic molecular sandwich-shaped structure with short B−B single bonds coordinated by a Ge 12 hexagonal prism and reinforced by σ + π double delocalised bonding patterns. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1676476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Son TT, Tu VN, Thanh VTT, Ngan VT. Chemical bonding in trimers of Ge 2
with monovalent metals. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201900099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Tuong Son
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University; 170 An Duong Vuong Street, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh 55000 Viet Nam
| | - Vo Ngoc Tu
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University; 170 An Duong Vuong Street, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh 55000 Viet Nam
| | - Vo Thi Thu Thanh
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University; 170 An Duong Vuong Street, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh 55000 Viet Nam
| | - Vu Thi Ngan
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University; 170 An Duong Vuong Street, Quy Nhon City, Binh Dinh 55000 Viet Nam
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19
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Pham HT, Phan CTD, Nguyen MT, Tam NM. A remarkable mixture of germanium with phosphorus and arsenic atoms making stable pentagonal hetero-prisms [M@Ge5E5]+, E = P, As and M = Fe, Ru, Os. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19781-19789. [PMID: 35520435 PMCID: PMC9054236 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A pentagonal hetero-prismatic structural motif was found for singly transition metal doped M@Ge5E5+ clusters, where the transition metal atom is located at the centre of a (5/5) Ge5E5 prism in which Ge is mixed with either P or As atoms. Structural characterization indicates that each (5/5) Ge5E5 prism is established by joining of two Ge3E2 and Ge2E3 strings in a prismatic fashion rather than two Ge5 and E5 strings. Each string results from a remarkable mixture of Ge and E atoms and contains only one E–E connection due to the fact that Ge–E bonds are much stronger than E–E connections. From the donor–acceptor perspective, the Ge5E5 tube donates electrons to the M center, which behaves as an acceptor. NBO atomic charge and ELI_D analyses demonstrate such electrostatic interactions of the M dopant with a Ge5E5+ tube which likely induce thermodynamic stability for the resulting M@Ge5E5+ cluster. CMO analysis illustrates that the conventional 18 electron count is recovered in the M@Ge5E5+ cations. Geometric shape of the lowest-energy structure M@Ge5E5+.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Cam-Tu Dang Phan
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling
- Quy Nhon University
- Quy Nhon
- Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST)
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tam
- Computational Chemistry Research Group
- Ton Duc Thang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
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20
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Pham HT, Dang CTP, Trung NT, Ngan VT. Transformation between Hexagonal Prism and Antiprism of the Singly and Doubly Cr-Doped Ge 12 Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10721-10729. [PMID: 31756105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural transformation is a unique characteristic of atomic clusters, but it turns out very different from cluster to cluster. This theoretical study proves that the isomeric transformation between hexagonal prism and hexagonal antiprism is found for the doubly doped Cr2Ge12 cluster but not for singly doped CrGe12 cluster. We confirm that the ground state of CrGe12 is the distorted hexagonal prism C2h at the 3Bg triplet state instead of various shapes predicted in the previous studies. Upon comparison between the estimation at the B3P86/6-311+G(d) level of theory and the detachment energies measured by photoelectron spectroscopy, hexagonal antiprismatic shape is identified as the most stable isomer of the Cr2Ge12 cluster and it is easy to transform to the hexagonal prism-a less stable isomer by the rotation of the hexagonal rings. That is the first evidence for the structural transformation between a hexagonal prism and an antiprism of the germanium clusters, referring to the ability of Ge-based clusters in the formation of tubular geometry by doping Cr atoms. All the low-energy isomers of both Cr-doped germanium clusters have high magnetic moments. Interestingly, there is a tuning in magnetic properties of Cr2Ge12 from the ferromagnetism of the lowest-lying hexagonal antiprism to the ferrimagnetism of the higher-energy hexagonal prism. The stronger Cr-Cr bond and stronger interaction between the Cr2 moiety and the antiprism cage are accounted for by the higher stability of the hexagonal antiprismatic isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Cam-Tu Phan Dang
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry , Quy Nhon University , 170 An Duong Vuong , Quy Nhon City , Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Trung
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry , Quy Nhon University , 170 An Duong Vuong , Quy Nhon City , Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Ngan
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Department of Chemistry , Quy Nhon University , 170 An Duong Vuong , Quy Nhon City , Vietnam
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21
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Structure, stability, and electronic properties of niobium-germanium and tantalum-germanium clusters. J Mol Model 2019; 25:113. [PMID: 30953156 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-3988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of niobium- and tantalum-doped germanium clusters MGen (M = Nb, Ta and n = 1-19) were investigated by first principles calculations within the density functional theory (DFT) approach. Growth pattern behaviors, stabilities, and electronic properties are presented and discussed. Endohedral cage-like structures in which the metal atom is encapsulated are favored for n ≥ 10. The doping metal atom contributes largely to strengthening the stability of the germanium cage-like structures, with binding energy ordered as follows BE(Gen + 1) < BE (VGen) < BE(NbGen) < BE(TaGen). Our results highlight the relative high stability of NbGe15, TaGe15 and VGe14. Graphical abstract Structure, stability, and electronic properties of niobium-germanium and tantalum-germanium clusters.
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22
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Lu SJ, Farooq U, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Structural evolution and electronic properties of Au 2Ge n−/0 ( n=1−8) clusters: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1902036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad-Campus, Pakistan
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Electronic structure and stability of anionic AuGen (n = 1–20) clusters and assemblies: a density functional modeling. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Insight into chemical bonding of the transition metal-doped cluster Ge2M (M = Sc–Zn) series using NBO and NRT theory. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Tran VT, Tran QT. The Electronic Structures of CoGe n-/0 ( n = 1-3) Clusters from Multiconfigurational CASSCF/CASPT2 and RASSCF/RASPT2 Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6407-6415. [PMID: 29999327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory and multiconfigurational CASPT2 and RASPT2 methods are employed to investigate the low-lying states of CoGe n-/0 ( n = 1-3) clusters. With the RASPT2 approach, the active space is extended to 14 orbitals for CoGe-/0, 17 orbitals for CoGe2-/0, and 20 orbitals for CoGe3-/0. These active spaces include the 3d, 4s, and 4d of Co and 4p of Ge. The 4d of Co is incorporated into these active spaces in order to account for the important double-shell effect of Co. The structural parameters, vibrational frequencies, and relative energies of the low-lying states of CoGe n-/0 ( n = 1-3) are reported. The ground states of CoGe n- ( n = 1-3) are computed to be 3Φ of linear CoGe-, 3B1 of cyclic CoGe2-, and 3B1 of cyclic CoGe3- isomer. The ground states of the neutral clusters are calculated to be 2Δ of linear CoGe, 4B1 of cyclic CoGe2, and 4A″ of tetrahedral CoGe3 isomer. The calculated adiabatic and vertical detachment energies of the anionic ground states are in agreement with the experimental values as observed in the 266 nm anion photoelectron spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division , Dong Thap University , 783-Pham Huu Lau, Ward 6 , Cao Lanh City , Dong Thap , Vietnam
| | - Quoc Tri Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division , Dong Thap University , 783-Pham Huu Lau, Ward 6 , Cao Lanh City , Dong Thap , Vietnam
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26
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Deng XJ, Kong XY, Liang X, Yang B, Xu HG, Xu XL, Feng G, Zheng WJ. Structural and magnetic properties of FeGe n-/0 (n = 3-12) clusters: Mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:234310. [PMID: 29272919 DOI: 10.1063/1.5000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of FeGen-/0 (n = 3-12) clusters were investigated by using anion photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. For both anionic and neutral FeGen (n = 3-12) clusters with n ≤ 7, the dominant structures are exohedral. The FeGe8-/0 clusters have half-encapsulated boat-shaped structures, and the opening of the boat-shaped structure is gradually covered by the additional Ge atoms to form Gen cage from n = 9 to 11. The structures of FeGe10-/0 can be viewed as two Ge atoms symmetrically capping the opening of the boat-shaped structure of FeGe8, and those of FeGe12-/0 are distorted hexagonal prisms with the Fe atom at the center. Natural population analysis shows that there is an electron transfer from the Ge atoms to the Fe atom at n = 8-12. The total magnetic moment of FeGen-/0 and local magnetic moment of the Fe atom have not been quenched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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27
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Mahtout S, Siouani C, Rabilloud F. Growth Behavior and Electronic Structure of Noble Metal-Doped Germanium Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:662-677. [PMID: 29257877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structures, energetics, and electronic properties of noble metal-doped germanium (MGen with M = Cu, Ag, Au; n = 1-19) clusters are systematically investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The endohedral structures in which the metal atom is encapsulated inside of a germanium cage appear at n = 10 when the dopant is Cu and n = 12 for M = Ag and Au. While Cu doping enhances the stability of the corresponding germanium frame, the binding energies of AgGen and AuGen are always lower than those of pure germanium clusters. Our results highlight the great stability of the CuGe10 cluster in a D4d structure and, to a lesser extent, that of AgGe15 and AuGe15, which exhibits a hollow cage-like geometry. The sphere-type geometries obtained for n = 10-15 present a peculiar electronic structure in which the valence electrons of the noble metal and Ge atoms are delocalized and exhibit a shell structure associated with the quasi-spherical geometry. It is found that the coinage metal is able to give both s- and d-type electrons to be reorganized together with the valence electrons of Ge atoms through a pooling of electrons. The cluster size dependence of the stability, the frontier orbital energy gap, the vertical ionization potentials, and electron affinities are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Mahtout
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Chaouki Siouani
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Franck Rabilloud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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28
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Pham HT, Nguyen MT. Theoretical Investigation of Metallic Heterofullerenes of Silicon and Germanium Mixed with Phosphorus and Arsenic Atoms M-A8E6, A = Si, Ge; E = P, As; and M = Cr, Mo, W. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5056-5066. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Computational Chemistry
Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational Chemistry
Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Siouani C, Mahtout S, Safer S, Rabilloud F. Structure, Stability, and Electronic and Magnetic Properties of VGe n (n = 1-19) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3540-3554. [PMID: 28415843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We systematically study the equilibrium geometries and electronic and magnetic properties of Gen+1 and VGen (n = 1-19) clusters using the density functional theory approach within the generalized gradient approximation. Endohedral structures in which the vanadium atom is encapsulated inside a Gen cage are predicted to be favored for n ≥ 10. The dopant V atom in the Gen clusters has not an immediate effect on the stability of small germanium clusters (n < 6), but it largely contributes to strengthen the stability for n ≥ 7. Our study enhances the large stability of the VGe14 cluster, which presents an Oh symmetry cagelike geometry and a peculiar electronic structure in which the valence electrons of V and Ge atoms are delocalized and exhibit a shell structure associated with the quasi-spherical geometry. Consequently, this cluster is proposed to be a good candidate to be used as the building blocks for developing new materials. The cluster size dependence of the stability, the vertical ionization potentials, and electron affinities of Gen+1 and VGen are presented. Magnetic properties and the partial density of states of the most stable VGen clusters are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Siouani
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - S Mahtout
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - S Safer
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - F Rabilloud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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30
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Pham LN, Nguyen MT. Titanium Digermanium: Theoretical Assignment of Electronic Transitions Underlying Its Anion Photoelectron Spectrum. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1940-1949. [PMID: 28211685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structures of both the anionic and neutral triatomic species TiGe2-/0 were theoretically studied employing single-reference (DFT and RCCSD(T)) and multiconfigurational (CASSCF/CASPT2 and CASSCF/NEVPT2) methods with large basis sets. The ground state of TiGe2- (C2v) was identified to be 4B1, but the 2A1 state is nearly degenerate, whereas the 3B1 is clearly the ground state of the neutral TiGe2 (C2v). On the basis of the computed ground and excited states of both neutral and anionic structures, all electronic transitions giving rise to experimental anion photoelectron bands in the spectrum of TiGe2- can now be assigned. The X band of the anion photoelectron spectrum is attributed to a one-electron transition between two ground states 4B1 → 3B1. Three neutral excited states 23A2, 25B1, and 35B1 are energetically responsible for the B band upon one-electron photodetachement from the anionic ground state 4B1. The C band is assigned to the transition 4B1 → 25A1. A transition from the nearly degenerate ground state 2A1 of the anion to the low-spin 1A1 of the final neutral state can be ascribed to the A band. Furthermore, the first two bands' progressions, whose normal vibrational modes were accessible from CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations, were also simulated by determination of multidimensional Franck-Condon factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Nhan Pham
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational Chemistry Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City, 778000 Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City, 778000 Vietnam.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Jin Y, Lu S, Hermann A, Kuang X, Zhang C, Lu C, Xu H, Zheng W. Probing the structural evolution of ruthenium doped germanium clusters: Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30116. [PMID: 27439955 PMCID: PMC4954966 DOI: 10.1038/srep30116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of ruthenium doped germanium clusters, RuGen(-) (n = 3-12), and their corresponding neutral species. Photoelectron spectra of RuGen(-) clusters are measured at 266 nm. The vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and adiabatic detachment energies (ADEs) are obtained. Unbiased CALYPSO structure searches confirm the low-lying structures of anionic and neutral ruthenium doped germanium clusters in the size range of 3 ≤ n ≤ 12. Subsequent geometry optimizations using density functional theory (DFT) at PW91/LANL2DZ level are carried out to determine the relative stability and electronic properties of ruthenium doped germanium clusters. It is found that most of the anionic and neutral clusters have very similar global features. Although the global minimum structures of the anionic and neutral clusters are different, their respective geometries are observed as the low-lying isomers in either case. In addition, for n > 8, the Ru atom in RuGen(-/0) clusters is absorbed endohedrally in the Ge cage. The theoretically predicted vertical and adiabatic detachment energies are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The excellent agreement between DFT calculations and experiment enables a comprehensive evaluation of the geometrical and electronic structures of ruthenium doped germanium clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Shengjie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chuanzhao Zhang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
- Department of Physics and High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Hongguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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32
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Sharma V, Pahuja A, Srivastava S. Spin-polarised DFT study of cobalt-doped gallium clusters. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1136004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Deng XJ, Kong XY, Xu XL, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Calculations of TiGen− (n=7–12) Clusters. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1511232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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34
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Lu SJ, Hu LR, Xu XL, Xu HG, Chen H, Zheng WJ. Transition from exohedral to endohedral structures of AuGen− (n = 2–12) clusters: photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20321-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AuGe12− has an Ih symmetric endohedral icosahedral structure. It also shows 3D aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lian-Rui Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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35
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Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of AgnCo (n=1–9) clusters: A first-principles study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Zhao J, Huang X, Jin P, Chen Z. Magnetic properties of atomic clusters and endohedral metallofullerenes. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Deng XJ, Kong XY, Xu XL, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. Structural and magnetic properties of CoGe(n)- (n=2-11) clusters: photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3987-93. [PMID: 25294751 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of cobalt-doped germanium clusters, CoGe(n)(-/0) (n=2-11), are investigated by using anion photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. For both anionic and neutral CoGe(n) (n=2-11) clusters, the critical size of the transition from exo- to endohedral structures is n=9. Natural population analysis shows that there is electron transfer from the Ge(n) framework to the Co atom at n=7-11 for both anionic and neutral CoGe(n) clusters. The magnetic moments of the anionic and neutral CoGe(n) clusters decrease to the lowest values at n=10 and 11. The transfer of electrons from the Gen framework to the Co atom and the minimization of the magnetic moments are related to the evolution of CoGe(n) structures from exo- to endohedral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China)
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Gong X, Ju W, Li T, Feng Z, Wang Y. Spin–orbit Splitting and Magnetism of Icosahedral M@Ag12 Clusters (M = 3d and 4d atoms). J CLUST SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-014-0737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tang C, Liu M, Zhu W, Deng K. Probing the geometric, optical, and magnetic properties of 3d transition-metal endohedral Ge12M (M=Sc–Ni) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Structure, stability and electronic property of the gold-doped germanium clusters: AuGe n (n = 2–13). Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhao WJ, Wang YX. Geometries, stabilities, and magnetic properties of MnGen (n=2–16) clusters: Density-functional theory investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li Z, Wu J. Formation of lamellar structures from spherical particles. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:165102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3118681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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