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Buttersack T, Mason PE, McMullen RS, Schewe HC, Martinek T, Brezina K, Crhan M, Gomez A, Hein D, Wartner G, Seidel R, Ali H, Thürmer S, Marsalek O, Winter B, Bradforth SE, Jungwirth P. Photoelectron spectra of alkali metal–ammonia microjets: From blue electrolyte to bronze metal. Science 2020; 368:1086-1091. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Buttersack
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0482, USA
| | - Philip E. Mason
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ryan S. McMullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0482, USA
| | - H. Christian Schewe
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Martinek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Brezina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Crhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Axel Gomez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dennis Hein
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Garlef Wartner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hebatallah Ali
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Thürmer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ondrej Marsalek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bernd Winter
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0482, USA
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Solvated electrons were first discovered in solutions of metals in liquid ammonia. The physical and chemical properties of these species have been studied extensively for many decades using an arsenal of electrochemical, spectroscopic, and theoretical techniques. Yet, in contrast to their hydrated counterpart, the ultrafast dynamics of ammoniated electrons remained completely unexplored until quite recently. Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy on metal-ammonia solutions and femtosecond multiphoton ionization spectroscopy on the neat ammonia solvent have provided new insights into the optical properties and the reactivities of this fascinating species. This article reviews the nature of the optical transition, which gives the metal-ammonia solutions their characteristic blue appearance, in terms of ultrafast relaxation processes involving bound and continuum excited states. The recombination processes following the injection of an electron via photoionization of the solvent are discussed in the context of the electronic structure of the liquid and the anionic defect associated with the solvated electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vöhringer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
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Urbanek J, Vöhringer P. Below-Band-Gap Ionization of Liquid-to-Supercritical Ammonia: Geminate Recombination via Proton-Coupled Back Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2013; 118:265-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janus Urbanek
- Abteilung für Molekulare
Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische
Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Abteilung für Molekulare
Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische
Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Urbanek J, Vöhringer P. Vertical Photoionization of Liquid-to-Supercritical Ammonia: Thermal Effects on the Valence-to-Conduction Band Gap. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:8844-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404532s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janus Urbanek
- Abteilung für Molekulare
Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Abteilung für Molekulare
Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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8
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Urbanek J, Dahmen A, Torres-Alacan J, Königshoven P, Lindner J, Vöhringer P. Femtosecond Two-Photon Ionization and Solvated Electron Geminate Recombination in Liquid-to-Supercritical Ammonia. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2223-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211725r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janus Urbanek
- Abteilung
für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Dahmen
- Abteilung
für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joel Torres-Alacan
- Abteilung
für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Königshoven
- Abteilung
für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Lindner
- Abteilung
für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Abteilung
für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie,
Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstraße
12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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