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Bao S, Raymond N, Nooijen M. Time dependent vibrational electronic coupled cluster (VECC) theory for non-adiabatic nuclear dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094105. [PMID: 38426527 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A time-dependent vibrational electronic coupled-cluster (VECC) approach is proposed to simulate photo-electron/UV-VIS absorption spectra as well as time-dependent properties for non-adiabatic vibronic models, going beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. A detailed derivation of the equations of motion and a motivation for the ansatz are presented. The VECC method employs second-quantized bosonic construction operators and a mixed linear and exponential ansatz to form a compact representation of the time-dependent wave-function. Importantly, the method does not require a basis set, has only a few user-defined inputs, and has a classical (polynomial) scaling with respect to the number of degrees of freedom (of the vibronic model), resulting in a favorable computational cost. In benchmark applications to small models and molecules, the VECC method provides accurate results compared to multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree calculations when predicting short-time dynamical properties (i.e., photo-electron/UV-VIS absorption spectra) for non-adiabatic vibronic models. To illustrate the capabilities, the VECC method is also successfully applied to a large vibronic model for hexahelicene with 14 electronic states and 63 normal modes, developed in the group by Aranda and Santoro [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 17, 1691, (2021)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhao Bao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Neil Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marcel Nooijen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Zhang YR, Yuan DF, Wang LS. Probing the Strong Nonadiabatic Interactions in the Triazolyl Radical Using Photodetachment Spectroscopy and Resonant Photoelectron Imaging of Cryogenically Cooled Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16620-16630. [PMID: 36048511 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the adiabatic potential energy surfaces defined by the Born-Oppenheimer approximation are the cornerstones for understanding the electronic structure and spectroscopy of molecular systems, nonadiabatic effects due to the coupling of electronic states by nuclear motions are common in complex molecular systems. The nonadiabatic effects were so strong in the 1,2,3-triazolyl radical (C2H2N3) that the photoelectron spectrum of the triazolide anion was rendered unassignable and could only be understood using nonadiabatic calculations, involving the four low-lying electronic states of triazolyl. Using photodetachment spectroscopy and resonant photoelectron imaging of cryogenically cooled anions, we are able to completely unravel the complex vibronic levels of the triazolyl radical. Photodetachment spectroscopy reveals a dipole-bound state for the triazolide anion at 172 cm-1 below the detachment threshold and 32 vibrational Feshbach resonances. Resonant photoelectron imaging is conducted by tuning the detachment laser to each of the Feshbach resonances. Combining the photodetachment spectrum and the resonant photoelectron spectra, we are able to assign all 28 vibronic peaks resolved for the triazolyl radical. Fundamental frequencies for 12 vibrational modes of the ground state of the triazolyl radical are measured experimentally. The current study provides unprecedented experimental vibronic information, which will be valuable to verify theoretical models to treat nonadiabatic effects involving multiple electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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3
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Laws BA, Levey ZD, Sanov A, Stanton JF, Schmidt TW, Gibson ST. Velocity map imaging spectroscopy of C 2H - and C 2D -: A benchmark study of vibronic coupling interactions. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:044305. [PMID: 35922361 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution velocity-map imaged photoelectron spectra of the ethynyl anions C2H- and C2D- are measured at photon wavelengths between 355 and 266 nm to investigate the complex interactions between the closely lying X̃2Σ+ and Ã2Π electronic states. An indicative kinetic energy resolution of 0.4%, together with the full angular dependence of the fast electrons, provides a detailed description of the vibronically coupled structure. It is demonstrated that a modest quadratic vibronic coupling model, parameterized by the quasidiabatic ansatz, is sufficient to accurately recreate all the observed vibronic interactions. Simulated spectra are shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data, verifying the proposed model and providing a framework that may be used to accurately simulate spectra of larger C2nH monohydride carbon chains. New spectral assignments are supported by experimental electron anisotropy measurements and Dyson orbital calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Laws
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zachariah D Levey
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - John F Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen T Gibson
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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4
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Changala PB. Vibronic mean-field and perturbation theory for Jahn-Teller and pseudo-Jahn-Teller molecules. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1962556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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DeWitt M, Babin MC, Neumark DM. High-Resolution Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Vibrationally Excited OH . J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7260-7265. [PMID: 34433266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of vibrational pre-excitation of anions on their photoelectron spectra is explored, combining slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging of cryogenically cooled anions (cryo-SEVI) with tunable IR radiation to pre-excite the anions. This new IR cryo-SEVI method is applied to OH- as a test system, where the R(0) transition of the hydroxyl anion (3591.53 cm-1) is pumped. Vibrational excitation induces a 30% depletion in photodetachment signal from the v = 0, J = 0 ground state of the anion and the appearance of all five allowed, rotationally resolved photodetachment transitions from the OH- (v = 1, J = 1) level, each with peak widths between 1 and 2 cm-1. By scanning the IR laser, IR cryo-SEVI can also serve as a novel action technique to obtain the vibrational spectrum of OH-, giving an experimental value for the R(0) transition of 3591(1.2) cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin DeWitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark C Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Schulte Y, Geoghegan BL, Helling C, Wölper C, Haberhauer G, Cutsail GE, Schulz S. Observation of Discrete Valence Tautomers in Crystalline Cyclopentadienyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12658-12664. [PMID: 34369756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Single crystal X-ray (sc XRD) analyses of three symmetrically substituted cyclopentadienyl radicals (1, 2, 5) containing sterically demanding aryl groups showed that they crystallize as discrete valence tautomers (Jahn-Teller distortion) in the solid state with the unpaired electron either located in the b1 orbital (type I, state 2B1), resulting in a localized radical with two adjacent double bonds, or the a2 orbital (type II, state 2A2), leading to an allyl-type radical. Their properties in solution were examined by EPR spectroscopy as well as cyclovoltammetry and UV/vis spectroscopy including two additional cyclopentadienyl radicals (1-5). The electronic nature of 1-5 was further investigated by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blaise L Geoghegan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | | | | | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - George E Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (CEC), Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
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7
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Chin CH, Zhu T, Zhang JZH. Cyclopentadienyl radical formation from the reaction of excited nitrogen atoms with benzene: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12408-12420. [PMID: 34027937 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00133g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio CCSD(T)/CBS//ωB97X-D/6-311+G(d,p) calculations of the C6H6N potential energy surface were performed to investigate the reaction mechanism underlying the reaction of atomic nitrogen (2D) with benzene. Thereafter, Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) calculations of reaction rate constants and product branching ratios were performed under single-collision conditions. The results revealed that the N(2D) + C6H6 reaction in the case of statistical behavior is expected to produce hydrogen cyanide plus a cyclopentadienyl radical (91.5-88.9%), acetylene plus a pyrrole radical (5.8-7.5%), 1-cyano-2,4-cyclopentadiene + H (2.3-3.0%) and 1-ethynyl-pyrrole + H (0.4-0.6%), with the most favorable pathways being the initial adduct i1 leading to the formation of a seven-membered cyclic intermediate i12 through an exothermic ring expansion process and a multistep route i12 → i15 → i16 → C5H5 + HCN featuring an intramolecular ring-shrinking process involving a C-C bond fusion elimination channel to yield the bicyclic intermediate i15, followed by hydrogen cyanide elimination, thus forming a cyclopentadienyl radical. The calculated product branching ratios were consistent with the available experimental data; however, some quantitative deviations from the experimental results and the possible reasons are also discussed. The possible effects of the title reaction on the upper atmosphere of Titan, with critical implications for the rapid degradation of nitrogen-bearing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were compared with the mass growth processes of their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon counterparts produced through ring expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. and NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Tong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. and NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - John Zeng Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. and NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China. and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York 10003, USA
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8
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Sharma K, Miller TA, Stanton JF. Vibronically coupled states: computational considerations and characterisation of vibronic and rovibronic spectroscopic parameters. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2021.1874118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Terry A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John F. Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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9
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Babin MC, DeWitt M, Weichman ML, DeVine JA, Neumark DM. High-resolution anion photoelectron spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled 4-atom silicon carbides. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1817596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Martin DeWitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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10
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Shen Y, Yarkony DR. Compact Bases for Vibronic Coupling in Spectral Simulations: The Photoelectron Spectrum of Cyclopentoxide in the Full 39 Internal Modes. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7245-7252. [PMID: 32787311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an algorithm to automatically generate compact multimode vibrational bases for the Köppel-Domcke-Cederbaum (KDC) vibronic coupling wave function used in spectral simulations of moderate-sized molecules. As a full quantum method, the size of the vibronic expansion grows exponentially with respect to the number of vibrational modes, necessitating compact bases for moderate-sized systems. The problem of generating such a basis consists of two parts: one is the choice of vibrational normal modes, and the other is the number of phonons allowed in each mode. A previously developed final-state-biased technique addresses the former part, and this work focuses on the latter part: proposing an algorithm for generating an optimal phonon distribution. By virtue of this phonon distribution, compact and affordable bases can be automatically generated for systems with on the order of 15 atoms. Our algorithm is applied to determine the nonadiabatic photoelectron spectrum of cyclopentoxide in the full 39 internal modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David R Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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11
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Wong ZC, Ungur L. Deriving the vibronic coupling constants of the cyclopentadienyl radical with density functional theory and G0W0. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0014753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Cheng Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8 Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8 Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
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12
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Paul AC, Sharma K, Reza MA, Telfah H, Miller TA, Liu J. Laser-induced fluorescence and dispersed-fluorescence spectroscopy of the Ã2E−X̃2A1 transition of jet-cooled calcium methoxide (CaOCH3) radicals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5104278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anam C. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Ketan Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Md Asmaul Reza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Hamzeh Telfah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Terry A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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13
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Sharma K, Garner S, Miller TA, Stanton JF. First-Principles Calculation of Jahn–Teller Rotational Distortion Parameters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4990-5004. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Scott Garner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Terry A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John F. Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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14
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Díaz-Tinoco M, Corzo HH, Ortiz JV. Electron Propagator Methods for Vertical Electron Detachment Energies of Anions: Benchmarks and Case Studies. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5881-5895. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Díaz-Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| | - H. H. Corzo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| | - J. V. Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
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15
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Ormond TK, Baraban JH, Porterfield JP, Scheer AM, Hemberger P, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Nimlos MR, Robichaud DJ, Daily JW, Ellison GB. Thermal Decompositions of the Lignin Model Compounds: Salicylaldehyde and Catechol. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5911-5924. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Ormond
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Joshua H. Baraban
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Jessica P. Porterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Adam M. Scheer
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratory, PO Box 969, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5234 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - John W. Daily
- Center for Combustion and Environmental Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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16
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Shapero M, Ramphal IA, Neumark DM. Photodissociation of the Cyclopentadienyl Radical at 248 nm. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4265-4272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shapero
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Isaac A. Ramphal
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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17
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Nelson DJ, Oliveira AM, Lineberger WC. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of deprotonated indole and indoline. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:064307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5003978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Nelson
- JILA and The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Allan M. Oliveira
- JILA and The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W. Carl Lineberger
- JILA and The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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18
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Abstract
Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled anions (cryo-SEVI) is a powerful technique for elucidating the vibrational and electronic structure of neutral radicals, clusters, and reaction transition states. SEVI is a high-resolution variant of anion photoelectron spectroscopy based on photoelectron imaging that yields spectra with energy resolution as high as 1-2 cm-1. The preparation of cryogenically cold anions largely eliminates hot bands and dramatically narrows the rotational envelopes of spectral features, enabling the acquisition of well-resolved photoelectron spectra for complex and spectroscopically challenging species. We review the basis and history of the SEVI method, including recent experimental developments that have improved its resolution and versatility. We then survey recent SEVI studies to demonstrate the utility of this technique in the spectroscopy of aromatic radicals, metal and metal oxide clusters, nonadiabatic interactions between excited states of small molecules, and transition states of benchmark bimolecular reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , .,Current affiliation: JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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19
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Hou GL, Chen B, Transue WJ, Hrovat DA, Cummins CC, Borden WT, Wang XB. A Joint Experimental and Computational Study of the Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the 1-Phospha-2,3,4-triazolate Anion, HCPN3(.). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6228-35. [PMID: 27434547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here the results of a combined experimental and computational study of the negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) of the recently synthesized, planar, aromatic, HCPN3(-) ion. The adiabatic electron detachment energy of HCPN3(-) (electron affinity of HCPN3(•)) was measured to be 3.555 ± 0.010 eV, a value that is intermediate between the electron detachment energies of the closely related (CH)2N3(-) and P2N3(-) ions. High level electronic structure calculations and Franck-Condon factor (FCF) simulations reveal that transitions from the ground state of the anion to two nearly degenerate, low-lying, electronic states, of the neutral HCPN3(•) radical are responsible for the congested peaks at low binding energies in the NIPE spectrum. The best fit of the simulated NIPE spectrum to the experimental spectrum indicates that the ground state of HCPN3(•) is a 5π-electron (2)A″ π radical state, with a 6π-electron, (2)A', σ radical state being at most 1.0 kcal/mol higher in energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wesley J Transue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David A Hrovat
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Weston Thatcher Borden
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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20
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Buckingham GT, Porterfield JP, Kostko O, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Robichaud DJ, Nimlos MR, Daily JW, Ellison GB. The thermal decomposition of the benzyl radical in a heated micro-reactor. II. Pyrolysis of the tropyl radical. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:014305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grant T. Buckingham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jessica P. Porterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John W. Daily
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Combustion and Environmental Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, USA
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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21
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Hou GL, Chen B, Transue WJ, Hrovat DA, Cummins CC, Borden WT, Wang XB. Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of P 2N 3-: electron affinity and electronic structures of P 2N 3˙. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4667-4675. [PMID: 30155115 PMCID: PMC6013798 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) and ab initio study of the recently synthesized planar aromatic inorganic ion P2N3-, to investigate the electronic structures of P2N3- and its neutral P2N3˙ radical. The adiabatic detachment energy of P2N3- (electron affinity of P2N3˙) was determined to be 3.765 ± 0.010 eV, indicating high stability for the P2N3- anion. Ab initio electronic structure calculations reveal the existence of five, low-lying, electronic states in the neutral P2N3˙ radical. Calculation of the Franck-Condon factors (FCFs) for each anion-to-neutral electronic transition and comparison of the resulting simulated NIPE spectrum with the vibrational structure in the observed spectrum allows the first four excited states of P2N3˙ to be determined to lie 6.2, 6.7, 11.5, and 22.8 kcal mol-1 above the ground state of the radical, which is found to be a 6π-electron, 2A1, σ state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P. O. Box 999, MS K8-88 , Richland , WA 99352 , USA .
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14853 , USA .
| | - Wesley J Transue
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
| | - David A Hrovat
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , USA .
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
| | - Weston Thatcher Borden
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , USA .
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P. O. Box 999, MS K8-88 , Richland , WA 99352 , USA .
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22
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Transue WJ, Velian A, Nava M, Martin-Drumel MA, Womack CC, Jiang J, Hou GL, Wang XB, McCarthy MC, Field RW, Cummins CC. A Molecular Precursor to Phosphaethyne and Its Application in Synthesis of the Aromatic 1,2,3,4-Phosphatriazolate Anion. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6731-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J. Transue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Nava
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Caroline C. Womack
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michael C. McCarthy
- Harvard−Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Robert W. Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher C. Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Fortenberry
- Georgia Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
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24
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Buckingham GT, Ormond TK, Porterfield JP, Hemberger P, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Robichaud DJ, Nimlos MR, Daily JW, Ellison GB. The thermal decomposition of the benzyl radical in a heated micro-reactor. I. Experimental findings. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:044307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4906156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grant T. Buckingham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Thomas K. Ormond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jessica P. Porterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Molecular Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John W. Daily
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Combustion and Environmental Research,University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, USA
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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25
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Ervin KM, Nickel AA, Lanorio JG, Ghale SB. Anchoring the Gas-Phase Acidity Scale from Hydrogen Sulfide to Pyrrole. Experimental Bond Dissociation Energies of Nitromethane, Ethanethiol, and Cyclopentadiene. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7169-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510137g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kent M. Ervin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North
Virginia Street MS 216, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Alex A. Nickel
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North
Virginia Street MS 216, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Jerry G. Lanorio
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North
Virginia Street MS 216, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Surja B. Ghale
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North
Virginia Street MS 216, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
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26
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Reimers JR, McKemmish LK, McKenzie RH, Hush NS. Non-adiabatic effects in thermochemistry, spectroscopy and kinetics: the general importance of all three Born–Oppenheimer breakdown corrections. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02238j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Analytical and numerical solutions describing Born–Oppenheimer breakdown in a simple, widely applicable, model depict shortcomings in modern computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structure
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
| | - Laura K. McKemmish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London
- UK
- School of Chemistry
| | - Ross H. McKenzie
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
| | - Noel S. Hush
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
- School of Molecular Biosciences
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27
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Lo PK, Lau KC. High-Level ab Initio Predictions for the Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity, and Heats of Formation of Cyclopentadienyl Radical, Cation, and Anion, C5H5/C5H5+/C5H5–. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2498-507. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kam Lo
- Department of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Biology and
Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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28
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Soto JR, Molina B, Castro JJ. Nonadiabatic structure instability of planar hexagonal gold cluster cation Au7 and its spectral signature. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46463f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Kim JB, Weichman ML, Yacovitch TI, Shih C, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of the C9H7 (indenyl) and C13H9 (fluorenyl) anions. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:104301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4820138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven R. Kass
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Carl Lineberger
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309;
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32
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Ruthenocene and cyclopentadienyl pyrrolyl ruthenium as precursors for ruthenium atomic layer deposition: a comparative study of dissociation enthalpies. Theor Chem Acc 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-012-1238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Domcke W, Yarkony DR. Role of Conical Intersections in Molecular Spectroscopy and Photoinduced Chemical Dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2012; 63:325-52. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - David R. Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218; ,
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34
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Scheer AM, Mukarakate C, Robichaud DJ, Nimlos MR, Carstensen HH, Barney Ellison G. Unimolecular thermal decomposition of phenol and d5-phenol: Direct observation of cyclopentadiene formation via cyclohexadienone. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:044309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3675902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Denning RG, Harmer J, Green JC, Irwin M. Covalency in the 4f Shell of tris-Cyclopentadienyl Ytterbium (YbCp3)—A Spectroscopic Evaluation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20644-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209311g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Denning
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Harmer
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C. Green
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Irwin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Center for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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37
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Gruden-Pavlović M, García-Fernández P, Andjelković L, Daul C, Zlatar M. Treatment of the Multimode Jahn–Teller Problem in Small Aromatic Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10801-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206083j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Claude Daul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matija Zlatar
- Center for Chemistry, IHTM, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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38
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Opalka D, Poluyanov LV, Domcke W. Relativistic Jahn-Teller effects in the photoelectron spectra of tetrahedral P4, As4, Sb4, and Bi4. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:104108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3629779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Dillon J, Yarkony DR, Schuurman MS. On the simulation of photoelectron spectra complicated by conical intersections: Higher-order effects and hot bands in the photoelectron spectrum of triazolide (CH)2N3−. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:184314. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3587094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Szalay PG, Aquino AJ, Barbatti M, Lischka H. Theoretical study of the excitation spectrum of azomethane. Chem Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Dillon J, Yarkony DR, Schuurman MS. On the construction of quasidiabatic state representations of bound adiabatic state potential energy surfaces coupled by accidental conical intersections: Incorporation of higher order terms. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:044101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3523344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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42
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F. Stanton J. On the vibronic level structure in the NO3 radical: II. Adiabatic calculation of the infrared spectrum. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970902740530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Fortenberry RC, King RA, Stanton JF, Crawford TD. A benchmark study of the vertical electronic spectra of the linear chain radicals C2H and C4H. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:144303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3376073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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44
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Ichino T, Gauss J, Stanton JF. Quasidiabatic states described by coupled-cluster theory. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:174105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3127246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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