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Panthi N, Bhandari I, Koirala I. Thermophysical behavior of mercury-lead liquid alloy. PAPERS IN PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.4279/pip.140005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophysical properties of compound forming binary liquid mercury-lead alloy at temperature 600 K have been reported as a function of concentration by considering HgPb2 complex using different modelling equations. The thermodynamic properties such as the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy of mixing, chemical activity of each component, and microscopic properties such as concentration fluctuation in long-wavelength limit and Warren-Cowley short range order parameter of the alloy are studied by quasi-chemical approximation. This research paper places additional emphasis on the interaction energy parameters between the atoms of the alloy. The theoretical and experimental data are compared to determine the model’s validity. Compound formation model, statistical mechanical technique, and improved derivation of the Butler equation have all been used to investigate surface tension. The alloy’s viscosity is investigated using the Kozlov-Ronanov-Petrov equation, the Kaptay equation, and the Budai-Benko-Kaptay model. The study depicts a weak interaction of the alloy, and the theoretical thermodynamic data derived at 600 K are in good agreement with the experimental results. The surface tension is slightly different in the compound formation model than in the statistical mechanical approach and the Butler equation at greater bulk concentrations of lead. The estimated viscosities in each of the three models are substantially identical.
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2
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Tuo P, Ye XB, Pan BC. A machine learning based deep potential for seeking the low-lying candidates of Al clusters. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:114105. [PMID: 32199435 DOI: 10.1063/5.0001491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A Machine-Learning based Deep Potential (DP) model for Al clusters is developed through training with an extended database including ab initio data of both bulk and several clusters in only 6 CPU/h. This DP model has good performance in accurately predicting the low-lying candidates of Al clusters in a broad size range. Based on our developed DP model, the low-lying structures of 101 different sized Al clusters are extensively searched, among which the lowest-energy candidates of 69 sized clusters are updated. Our calculations demonstrate that machine-learning is indeed powerful in generating potentials to describe the interaction of atoms in complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X B Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - B C Pan
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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Agarwal S, Mehta S, Joshi K. Understanding the ML black box with simple descriptors to predict cluster–adsorbate interaction energy. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is currently one of the most accurate and yet practical theories used to gain insight into the properties of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Agarwal
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Shweta Mehta
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Kavita Joshi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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4
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Yang H, Drossinos Y, Hogan CJ. Excess thermal energy and latent heat in nanocluster collisional growth. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224304. [PMID: 31837664 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoclusters can form and grow by nanocluster-monomer collisions (condensation) and nanocluster-nanocluster collisions (coagulation). During growth, product nanoclusters have elevated thermal energies due to potential and thermal energy exchange following a collision. Even though nanocluster collisional heating may be significant and strongly size dependent, no prior theory describes this phenomenon for collisions of finite-size clusters. We derive a model to describe the excess thermal energy of collisional growth, defined as the kinetic energy increase in the product cluster, and latent heat of collisional growth, defined as the heat released to the background upon thermalization of the nonequilibrium cluster. Both quantities are composed of a temperature-independent term related to potential energy minimum differences and a size- and temperature-dependent term, which hinges upon heat capacity and energy partitioning. Example calculations using gold nanoclusters demonstrate that collisional heating can be important and strongly size dependent, particularly for reactive collisions involving nanoclusters composed of 14-20 atoms. Excessive latent heat release may have considerable implications in cluster formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Yannis Drossinos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Christopher J Hogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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5
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Fernando A, Weerawardene KLDM, Karimova NV, Aikens CM. Quantum Mechanical Studies of Large Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Clusters. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6112-216. [PMID: 25898274 DOI: 10.1021/cr500506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amendra Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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6
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Lousada CM, Korzhavyi PA. Oxygen adsorption onto pure and doped Al surfaces--the role of surface dopants. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1667-79. [PMID: 25464123 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04277h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory (DFT) with the PBE0 density functional we investigated the role of surface dopants in the molecular and dissociative adsorption of O2 onto Al clusters of types Al50, Al50Alad, Al50X and Al49X, where X represents a dopant atom of the following elements Si, Mg, Cu, Sc, Zr, and Ti. Each dopant atom was placed on the Al(111) surface as an adatom or as a substitutional atom, in the last case replacing a surface Al atom. We found that for the same dopant geometry, the closer is the ionization energy of the dopant element to that of elemental Al, the more exothermic is the dissociative adsorption of O2 and the stronger are the bonds between the resulting O atoms and the surface. Additionally we show that the Mulliken concept of electronegativity can be applied in the prediction of the dissociative adsorption energy of O2 on the doped surfaces. The Mulliken modified second-stage electronegativity of the dopant atom is proportional to the exothermicity of the dissociative adsorption of O2. For the same dopant element in an adatom position the dissociation of O2 is more exothermic when compared to the case where the dopant occupies a substitutional position. These observations are discussed in view of the overlap population densities of states (OPDOS) computed as the overlap between the electronic states of the adsorbate O atoms and the clusters. It is shown that a more covalent character in the bonding between the Al surface and the dopant atom causes a more exothermic dissociation of O2 and stronger bonding with the O atoms when compared to a more ionic character in the bonding between the dopant and the Al surface. The extent of the adsorption site reconstruction is dopant atom dependent and is an important parameter for determining the mode of adsorption, adsorption energy and electronic structure of the product of O2 adsorption. The PBE0 functional could predict the existence of the O2 molecular adsorption product for many of the cases investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio M Lousada
- Division of Materials Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Cao B, Starace AK, Judd OH, Bhattacharyya I, Jarrold MF. Reactions of liquid and solid aluminum clusters with N2: The role of structure and phase in Al114+, Al115+, and Al117+. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:204304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4901895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baopeng Cao
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Anne K. Starace
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Oscar H. Judd
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Indrani Bhattacharyya
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Martin F. Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
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Pyfer KL, Kafader JO, Yalamanchali A, Jarrold MF. Melting of Size-Selected Gallium Clusters with 60–183 Atoms. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:4900-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503315r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katheryne L. Pyfer
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared O. Kafader
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Anirudh Yalamanchali
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Martin F. Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington Indiana 47405, United States
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Boulon J, Braud I, Zamith S, Labastie P, L’Hermite JM. Experimental nanocalorimetry of protonated and deprotonated water clusters. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:164305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4871882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Susan A, Joshi K. Rationalizing the role of structural motif and underlying electronic structure in the finite temperature behavior of atomic clusters. J Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4871118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
This article presents a perspective on thermodynamic characterization of metal nanoparticles by computational chemistry. Topics emphasized include structural stability, phases, phase changes, and free energy functions of aluminum nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis, USA
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13
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Aguado A. Structures, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of potassium clusters Kn (13⩽n⩽80). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Leslie KL, Shinholt D, Jarrold MF. Reactions of CO2 on solid and liquid Al100+. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1053-8. [PMID: 22680973 DOI: 10.1021/jp303263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of CO(2) on the Al(100)(+) cluster have been investigated as a function of cluster temperature (300-1100 K) and relative kinetic energy (0.2-10 eV). Two main products are observed at low cluster temperature: Al(100)O(+) (which is believed to result from a stripping reaction) and Al(100)CO(2)(+) from complex formation. As the cluster temperature is raised, both products dissociate by loss of Al(2)O. Al(100)O(+) forms Al(98)(+), while Al(100)CO(2)(+) forms Al(98)CO(+) and Al(96)C(+). In both cases, loss of Al(2)O turns-on above the melting temperature of Al(100)(+). This presumably occurs because the overall reaction leading to the loss of Al(2)O is significantly less endothermic for the liquid cluster than for the solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryne L Leslie
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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15
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Susan A, Kibey A, Kaware V, Joshi K. Correlation between the variation in observed melting temperatures and structural motifs of the global minima of gallium clusters: An ab initio study. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:014303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4772470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Núñez S, López JM, Aguado A. Neutral and charged gallium clusters: structures, physical properties and implications for the melting features. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6481-6492. [PMID: 22961013 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31222k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the putative Global Minimum (GM) structures and electronic properties of Ga(N)(+), Ga(N) and Ga(N)(-) clusters with N = 13-37 atoms, obtained from first-principles density functional theory structural optimizations. The calculations include spin polarization and employ an exchange-correlation functional which accounts for van der Waals dispersion interactions (vdW-DFT). We find a wide diversity of structural motifs within the located GM, including decahedral, polyicosahedral, polytetrahedral and layered structures. The GM structures are also extremely sensitive to the number of electrons in the cluster, so that the structures of neutral and charged clusters differ for most sizes. The main magic numbers (clusters with an enhanced stability) are identified and interpreted in terms of electronic and geometric shell closings. The theoretical results are consistent with experimental abundance mass spectra of Ga(N)(+) and with photoelectron spectra of Ga(N)(-). The size dependence of the latent heats of melting, the shape of the heat capacity peaks, and the temperature dependence of the collision cross-sections, all measured for Ga(N)(+) clusters, are properly interpreted in terms of the calculated cohesive energies, spectra of configurational excitations, and cluster shapes, respectively. The transition from "non-melter" to "magic-melter" behaviour, experimentally observed between Ga(30)(+) and Ga(31)(+), is traced back to a strong geometry change. Finally, the higher-than-bulk melting temperatures of gallium clusters are correlated with a more typically metallic behaviour of the clusters as compared to the bulk, contrary to previous theoretical claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Núñez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47071, Spain
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17
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Endohedral cage and layered structures of Al46. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Aguado A, Largo A, Vega A, Balbás LC. On the electric dipole moments of small sodium clusters from different theoretical approaches. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Recent developments allow heat capacities to be measured for size-selected clusters isolated in the gas phase. For clusters with tens to hundreds of atoms, the heat capacities determined as a function of temperature usually have a single peak attributed to a melting transition. The melting temperatures and latent heats show large size-dependent fluctuations. In some cases, the melting temperatures change by hundreds of degrees with the addition of a single atom. Theory has played a critical role in understanding the origin of the size-dependent fluctuations, and in understanding the properties of the liquid-like and solid-like states. In some cases, the heat capacities have extra features (an additional peak or a dip) that reveal a more complex behavior than simple melting. In this article we provide a description of the methods used to measure the heat capacities and provide an overview of the experimental and theoretical results obtained for sodium and aluminum clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Aguado
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Martin F. Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401;,
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Aguado A, Kostko O. First-principles determination of the structure of NaN and NaN− clusters with up to 80 atoms. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:164304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3582911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Kang J, Wei SH, Kim YH. Origin of the Diverse Melting Behaviors of Intermediate-Size Nanoclusters: Theoretical Study of AlN (N = 51−58, 64). J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:18287-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja107683m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joongoo Kang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Su-Huai Wei
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Alipour M, Mohajeri A. Computational Insight into the Static and Dynamic Polarizabilities of Aluminum Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:12709-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106772n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Alipour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
| | - Afshan Mohajeri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
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Cao B, Starace AK, Judd OH, Bhattacharyya I, Jarrold MF, López JM, Aguado A. Activation of Dinitrogen by Solid and Liquid Aluminum Nanoclusters: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12906-18. [DOI: 10.1021/ja103356r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baopeng Cao
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Anne K. Starace
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Oscar H. Judd
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Indrani Bhattacharyya
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Martin F. Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - José M. López
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Andrés Aguado
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
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Drebov N, Ahlrichs R. Structures of Aln, its anions and cations up to n=34: A theoretical investigation. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:164703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3403692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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25
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Ma L, v. Issendorff B, Aguado A. Photoelectron spectroscopy of cold aluminum cluster anions: Comparison with density functional theory results. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:104303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3352445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kang J, Kim YH. Half-solidity of tetrahedral-like Al(55) clusters. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1092-1098. [PMID: 20055435 DOI: 10.1021/nn901536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new dynamic melting state, which has both solid and liquid characteristics, is revealed from first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of Al(55) clusters. In thermal fluctuations near the melting point, the low-energy tetrahedral-like Al(55) survives through rapid, collective surface transformations-such as parity conversions and correlated diffusion of two distant vacancies-without losing its structural orders. The emergence of the collective motions is solely due to efficient thermal excitation of soft phonon modes at nanoscale. A series of spontaneous surface reconfigurations result in a mixture or effective flow of surface atoms as is random color shuffling of a Rubik's cube. This novel flexible solid state (termed as half-solidity) provides useful insights into understanding stability, flexibility, and functionality of nanosystems near or below melting temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongoo Kang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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Starace AK, Cao B, Judd OH, Bhattacharyya I, Jarrold MF. Melting of size-selected aluminum nanoclusters with 84–128 atoms. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:034302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3285836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Lu WC, Wang CZ, Zhao LZ, Zhang W, Qin W, Ho KM. Appearance of bulk-like motifs in Si, Ge, and Al clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8551-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c004059b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Majer K, Lei M, Hock C, von Issendorff B, Aguado A. Structural and electronic properties of oxidized sodium clusters: A combined photoelectron and density functional study. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:204313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3267056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cao B, Starace AK, Judd OH, Bhattacharyya I, Jarrold MF. Metal clusters with hidden ground states: Melting and structural transitions in Al115(+), Al116(+), and Al117(+). J Chem Phys 2009; 131:124305. [PMID: 19791879 DOI: 10.1063/1.3224124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat capacities measured as a function of temperature for Al(115)(+), Al(116)(+), and Al(117)(+) show two well-resolved peaks, at around 450 and 600 K. After being annealed to 523 K (a temperature between the two peaks) or to 773 K (well above both peaks), the high temperature peak remains unchanged but the low temperature peak disappears. After considering the possible explanations, the low temperature peak is attributed to a structural transition and the high temperature peak to the melting of the higher enthalpy structure generated by the structural transition. The annealing results show that the liquid clusters freeze exclusively into the higher enthalpy structure and that the lower enthalpy structure is not accessible from the higher enthalpy one on the timescale of the experiments. We suggest that the low enthalpy structure observed before annealing results from epitaxy, where the smaller clusters act as a nucleus and follow a growth pattern that provides access to the low enthalpy structure. The solid-to-solid transition that leads to the low temperature peak in the heat capacity does not occur under equilibrium but requires a superheated solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baopeng Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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31
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Starace AK, Neal CM, Cao B, Jarrold MF, Aguado A, López JM. Electronic effects on melting: Comparison of aluminum cluster anions and cations. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:044307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3157263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Zhang W, Lu WC, Zang QJ, Wang CZ, Ho KM. Bulklike structures for medium-sized Aln (n=31–40) clusters. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:144701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Aguado A, López JM. Structures and stabilities of Aln+, Aln, and Aln− (n=13–34) clusters. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:064704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3075834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cao B, Starace AK, Judd OH, Jarrold MF. Melting Dramatically Enhances the Reactivity of Aluminum Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2446-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809516h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baopeng Cao
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Anne K. Starace
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Oscar H. Judd
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Martin F. Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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Hock C, Bartels C, Strassburg S, Schmidt M, Haberland H, von Issendorff B, Aguado A. Premelting and postmelting in clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:043401. [PMID: 19257415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.043401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Caloric curves for sodium clusters with N=139 and 147 atoms show a fine structure near the solid-to-liquid transition. Neither of the two sizes exhibit surface melting. For N=139, diffusion of the surface vacancies is observed, which is not possible in the closed-shell N=147 cluster. A few kelvin above the peak in the heat capacity, N=139 is completely liquid. This is not the case for N=147. Here the inner 13 atoms remain nearly fixed up to several tens of kelvin above the melting temperature of the outer two layers. A simple physical reason is suggested for this unexpected behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hock
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, H. Herderstrasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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