1
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de With G. Melting Is Well-Known, but Is It Also Well-Understood? Chem Rev 2023; 123:13713-13795. [PMID: 37963286 PMCID: PMC10722469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to continuous phase transitions, where renormalization group theory provides a general framework, for discontinuous phase transitions such a framework seems to be absent. Although the thermodynamics of the latter type of transitions is well-known and requires input from two phases, for melting a variety of one-phase theories and models based on solids has been proposed, as a generally accepted theory for liquids is (yet) missing. Each theory or model deals with a specific mechanism using typically one of the various defects (vacancies, interstitials, dislocations, interstitialcies) present in solids. Furthermore, recognizing that surfaces are often present, one distinguishes between mechanical or bulk melting and thermodynamic or surface-mediated melting. After providing the necessary preliminaries, we discuss both types of melting in relation to the various defects. Thereafter we deal with the effect of pressure on the melting process, followed by a discussion along the line of type of materials. Subsequently, some other aspects and approaches are dealt with. An attempt to put melting in perspective concludes this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijsbertus de With
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld 14, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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2
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Anzellini S, Errandonea D, Burakovsky L, Proctor JE, Turnbull R, Beavers CM. Characterization of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram and equation of state of chromium. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6727. [PMID: 35468934 PMCID: PMC9038929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram of chromium has been investigated both experimentally (in situ), using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell technique coupled with synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, and theoretically, using ab initio density-functional theory simulations. In the pressure–temperature range covered experimentally (up to 90 GPa and 4500 K, respectively) only the solid body-centred-cubic and liquid phases of chromium have been observed. Experiments and computer calculations give melting curves in agreement with each other that can both be described by the Simon–Glatzel equation \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$T_{m}(P) = 2136K (1 + P/25.9)^{0.41}$$\end{document}Tm(P)=2136K(1+P/25.9)0.41. In addition, a quasi-hydrostatic equation of state at ambient temperature has been experimentally characterized up to 131 GPa and compared with the present simulations. Both methods give very similar third-order Birch–Murnaghan equations of state with bulk moduli of 182–185 GPa and respective pressure derivatives of 4.74–5.15. According to the present calculations, the obtained melting curve and equation of state are valid up to at least 815 GPa, at which pressure the melting temperature is 9310 K. Finally, from the obtained results, it was possible to determine a thermal equation of state of chromium valid up to 65 GPa and 2100 K.
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3
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Anzellini S, Alfé D, Pozzo M, Errandonea D. Melting line of calcium characterized by in situ LH-DAC XRD and first-principles calculations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15025. [PMID: 34294781 PMCID: PMC8298416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the melting line of calcium has been characterized both experimentally, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction in laser-heated diamond-anvil cells, and theoretically, using first-principles calculations. In the investigated pressure and temperature range (pressure between 10 and 40 GPa and temperature between 300 and 3000 K) it was possible to observe the face-centred phase of calcium and to confirm (and characterize for the first time at these conditions) the presence of the body-centred cubic and the simple cubic phase of calcium. The melting points obtained with the two techniques are in excellent agreement. Furthermore, the present results agree with the only existing melting line of calcium obtained in laser-heated diamond anvil cells, using the speckle method as melting detection technique. They also confirm a flat slope of the melting line in the pressure range between 10 and 30 GPa. The flat melting curve is associated with the presence of the solid high-temperature body-centered cubic phase of calcium and to a small volume change between this phase and the liquid at melting. Reasons for the stabilization of the body-centered face at high-temperature conditions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Anzellini
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Diamond House, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Dario Alfé
- Dipartimento di Fisica Ettore Pancini, Università di Napoli Federico II, Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Earth Sciences and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Monica Pozzo
- Department of Earth Sciences and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel Errandonea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain
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4
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A Review of the Melting Curves of Transition Metals at High Pressures Using Static Compression Techniques. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The accurate determination of melting curves for transition metals is an intense topic within high pressure research, both because of the technical challenges included as well as the controversial data obtained from various experiments. This review presents the main static techniques that are used for melting studies, with a strong focus on the diamond anvil cell; it also explores the state of the art of melting detection methods and analyzes the major reasons for discrepancies in the determination of the melting curves of transition metals. The physics of the melting transition is also discussed.
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5
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Pigott JS, Velisavljevic N, Moss EK, Draganic N, Jacobsen MK, Meng Y, Hrubiak R, Sturtevant BT. Experimental melting curve of zirconium metal to 37 GPa. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:355402. [PMID: 32330909 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8cdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we present results of high-pressure experiments probing the melt line of zirconium (Zr) up to 37 GPa. This investigation has determined that temperature versus laser power curves provide an accurate method to determine melt temperatures. When this information is combined with the onset of diffuse scattering, which is associated with the melt process, we demonstrate the ability to accurately determine the melt boundary. This presents a reliable method for rapid determination of melt boundary and agrees well with other established techniques for such measurements, as reported in previous works on Zr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Pigott
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Nenad Velisavljevic
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Eric K Moss
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Nikola Draganic
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Matthew K Jacobsen
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
| | - Yue Meng
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States of America
| | - Rostislav Hrubiak
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States of America
| | - Blake T Sturtevant
- Shock & Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States of America
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6
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Abstract
We demonstrate the topological equivalence of the phase diagrams of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W), Group 6B partners in the periodic table. The phase digram of Mo to 800 GPa from our earlier work is now extended to 2000 GPa. The phase diagram of W to 2500 GPa is obtained using a comprehensive ab initio approach that includes (i) the calculation of the
T
=
0
free energies (enthalpies) of different solid structures, (ii) the quantum molecular dynamics simulation of the melting curves of different solid structures, (iii) the derivation of the analytic form for the solid–solid phase transition boundary, and (iv) the simulations of the solidification of liquid W into the final solid states on both sides of the solid–solid phase transition boundary in order to confirm the corresponding analytic form. For both Mo and W, there are two solid structures confirmed to be present on their phase diagrams, the ambient body-centered cubic (bcc) and the high-pressure double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp), such that at
T
=
0
the bcc–dhcp transition occurs at 660 GPa in Mo and 1060 GPa in W. In either case, the transition boundary has a positive slope
d
T
/
d
P
.
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7
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Oxidation of High Yield Strength Metals Tungsten and Rhenium in High-Pressure High-Temperature Experiments of Carbon Dioxide and Carbonates. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The laser-heating diamond-anvil cell technique enables direct investigations of materials under high pressures and temperatures, usually confining the samples with high yield strength W and Re gaskets. This work presents experimental data that evidences the chemical reactivity between these refractory metals and CO2 or carbonates at temperatures above 1300 °Ϲ and pressures above 6 GPa. Metal oxides and diamond are identified as reaction products. Recommendations to minimize non-desired chemical reactions in high-pressure high-temperature experiments are given.
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8
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Anzellini S, Errandonea D, Cazorla C, MacLeod S, Monteseguro V, Boccato S, Bandiello E, Anichtchenko DD, Popescu C, Beavers CM. Thermal equation of state of ruthenium characterized by resistively heated diamond anvil cell. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14459. [PMID: 31595017 PMCID: PMC6783540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-pressure and high-temperature structural and chemical stability of ruthenium has been investigated via synchrotron X-ray diffraction using a resistively heated diamond anvil cell. In the present experiment, ruthenium remains stable in the hcp phase up to 150 GPa and 960 K. The thermal equation of state has been determined based upon the data collected following four different isotherms. A quasi-hydrostatic equation of state at ambient temperature has also been characterized up to 150 GPa. The measured equation of state and structural parameters have been compared to the results of ab initio simulations performed with several exchange-correlation functionals. The agreement between theory and experiments is generally quite good. Phonon calculations were also carried out to show that hcp ruthenium is not only structurally but also dynamically stable up to extreme pressures. These calculations also allow the pressure dependence of the Raman-active E2g mode and the silent B1g mode of Ru to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Anzellini
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Diamond House, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Daniel Errandonea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudio Cazorla
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Simon MacLeod
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Monteseguro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Boccato
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université - UPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD UMR 206, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Enrico Bandiello
- Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Diaz Anichtchenko
- Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Catalin Popescu
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, 08290 Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christine M Beavers
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Diamond House, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
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9
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Anzellini S, Monteseguro V, Bandiello E, Dewaele A, Burakovsky L, Errandonea D. In situ characterization of the high pressure - high temperature melting curve of platinum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13034. [PMID: 31506567 PMCID: PMC6736956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the melting line of platinum has been characterized both experimentally, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction in laser-heated diamond-anvil cells, and theoretically, using ab initio simulations. In the investigated pressure and temperature range (pressure between 10 GPa and 110 GPa and temperature between 300 K and 4800 K), only the face-centered cubic phase of platinum has been observed. The melting points obtained with the two techniques are in good agreement. Furthermore, the obtained results agree and considerably extend the melting line previously obtained in large-volume devices and in one laser-heated diamond-anvil cells experiment, in which the speckle method was used as melting detection technique. The divergence between previous laser-heating experiments is resolved in favor of those experiments reporting the higher melting slope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Anzellini
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Virginia Monteseguro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrico Bandiello
- Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Leonid Burakovsky
- Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Daniel Errandonea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, Matter at High Pressure (MALTA) Consolider Team, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Generalization of the Unified Analytic Melt-Shear Model to Multi-Phase Materials: Molybdenum as an Example. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The unified analytic melt-shear model that we introduced a decade ago is generalized to multi-phase materials. A new scheme for calculating the values of the model parameters for both the cold ( T = 0 ) shear modulus ( G ) and the melting temperature at all densities ( ρ ) is developed. The generalized melt-shear model is applied to molybdenum, a multi-phase material with a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure at low ρ which loses its dynamical stability with increasing pressure (P) and is therefore replaced by another (dynamically stable) solid structure at high ρ . One of the candidates for the high- ρ structure of Mo is face-centered cubic (fcc). The model is compared to (i) our ab initio results on the cold shear modulus of both bcc-Mo and fcc-Mo as a function of ρ , and (ii) the available theoretical results on the melting of bcc-Mo and our own quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations of one melting point of fcc-Mo. Our generalized model of G ( ρ , T ) is used to calculate the shear modulus of bcc-Mo along its principal Hugoniot. It predicts that G of bcc-Mo increases with P up to ∼240 GPa and then decreases at higher P. This behavior is intrinsic to bcc-Mo and does not require the introduction of another solid phase such as Phase II suggested by Errandonea et al. Generalized melt-shear models for Ta and W also predict an increase in G followed by a decrease along the principal Hugoniot, hence this behavior may be typical for transition metals with ambient bcc structure that dynamically destabilize at high P. Thus, we concur with the conclusion reached in several recent papers (Nguyen et al., Zhang et al., Wang et al.) that no solid-solid phase transition can be definitively inferred on the basis of sound velocity data from shock experiments on Mo. Finally, our QMD simulations support the validity of the phase diagram of Mo suggested by Zeng et al.
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11
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O'Bannon EF, Jenei Z, Cynn H, Lipp MJ, Jeffries JR. Contributed Review: Culet diameter and the achievable pressure of a diamond anvil cell: Implications for the upper pressure limit of a diamond anvil cell. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:111501. [PMID: 30501343 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, static pressures of more than 1.0 TPa have been reported, which raises the question: what is the maximum static pressure that can be achieved using diamond anvil cell techniques? Here we compile culet diameters, bevel diameters, bevel angles, and reported pressures from the literature. We fit these data and find an expression that describes the maximum pressure as a function of the culet diameter. An extrapolation of our fit reveals that a culet diameter of 1 μm should achieve a pressure of ∼1.8 TPa. Additionally, for pressure generation of ∼400 GPa with a single beveled diamond anvil, the most commonly reported parameters are a culet diameter of ∼20 μm, a bevel angle of 8.5°, and a bevel diameter to culet diameter ratio between 14 and 18. Our analysis shows that routinely generating pressures more than ∼300 GPa likely requires diamond anvil geometries that are fundamentally different from a beveled or double beveled anvil (e.g., toroidal or double stage anvils) and culet diameters that are ≤20 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl F O'Bannon
- Physical and Life Sciences, Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Zsolt Jenei
- Physical and Life Sciences, Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Hyunchae Cynn
- Physical and Life Sciences, Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Magnus J Lipp
- Physical and Life Sciences, Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Jason R Jeffries
- Physical and Life Sciences, Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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12
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Errandonea D, MacLeod SG, Ruiz-Fuertes J, Burakovsky L, McMahon MI, Wilson CW, Ibañez J, Daisenberger D, Popescu C. High-pressure/high-temperature phase diagram of zinc. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:295402. [PMID: 29873300 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aacac0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram of zinc (Zn) has been explored up to 140 GPa and 6000 K, by combining optical observations, x-ray diffraction, and ab initio calculations. In the pressure range covered by this study, Zn is found to retain a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal symmetry up to the melting temperature. The known decrease of the axial ratio (c/a) of the hcp phase of Zn under compression is observed in x-ray diffraction experiments from 300 K up to the melting temperature. The pressure at which c/a reaches [Formula: see text] (≈10 GPa) is slightly affected by temperature. When this axial ratio is reached, we observed that single crystals of Zn, formed at high temperature, break into multiple poly-crystals. In addition, a noticeable change in the pressure dependence of c/a takes place at the same pressure. Both phenomena could be caused by an isomorphic second-order phase transition induced by pressure in Zn. The reported melt curve extends previous results from 24 to 135 GPa. The pressure dependence obtained for the melting temperature is accurately described up to 135 GPa by using a Simon-Glatzel equation: [Formula: see text], where P is the pressure in GPa. The determined melt curve agrees with previous low-pressure studies and with shock-wave experiments, with a melting temperature of 5060(30) K at 135 GPa. Finally, a thermal equation of state is reported, which at room-temperature agrees with the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Errandonea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia, MALTA Consolider Team, Edificio de Investigación, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Zhang J, Cheng X, He N, Yan G. Lattice response to the relaxation of electronic pressure of ultrafast laser-irradiated copper and nickel nanofilms. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:085401. [PMID: 29401066 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of electronic pressure and electronic pressure gradient induced by laser excitation on the dynamic response of metals (Cu and Ni) has been numerically investigated using two complementary approaches. In the framework of DFPT, for electronic temperatures up to 6 eV, we demonstrate that electronic pressure results in a higher lattice stability. In other words, the electronic pressure has a negative influence on the phonon entropy and induces an increase in the shear modulus, which improves the melting temperature and lattice vibration frequency. Given the relaxation of electronic pressure during an extreme non-equilibrium state, we adopt a modified 2T-MD model to identify the contribution of the electronic pressure gradient to the atomic dynamics during fs laser excitation. Our results indicate the presence of rapid destabilization of the structure of Cu and Ni nano-films along the electronic pressure gradients. Specifically, the nucleation of the voids and heterogeneous nucleation occur at the surface layer, at a depth of several nanometers, for Cu and Ni, respectively. With the coexistence of a-thermal and thermal effects on scales, two different ultrafast destructuring processes of Cu and Ni both interrelate a hot electronic blast force and classical electron-ion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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14
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Microstructures define melting of molybdenum at high pressures. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14562. [PMID: 28248309 PMCID: PMC5337970 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High-pressure melting anchors the phase diagram of a material, revealing the effect of pressure on the breakdown of the ordering of atoms in the solid. An important case is molybdenum, which has long been speculated to undergo an exceptionally steep increase in melting temperature when compressed. On the other hand, previous experiments showed nearly constant melting temperature as a function of pressure, in large discrepancy with theoretical expectations. Here we report a high-slope melting curve in molybdenum by synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline microstructures, generated by heating and subsequently rapidly quenching samples in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Distinct microstructural changes, observed at pressures up to 130 gigapascals, appear exclusively after melting, thus offering a reliable melting criterion. In addition, our study reveals a previously unsuspected transition in molybdenum at high pressure and high temperature, which yields highly textured body-centred cubic nanograins above a transition temperature.
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15
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Huang X, Li F, Zhou Q, Meng Y, Litasov KD, Wang X, Liu B, Cui T. Thermal equation of state of Molybdenum determined from in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction with laser-heated diamond anvil cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19923. [PMID: 26883479 PMCID: PMC4756333 DOI: 10.1038/srep19923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report that the equation of state (EOS) of Mo is obtained by an integrated technique of laser-heated DAC and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The cold compression and thermal expansion of Mo have been measured up to 80 GPa at 300 K, and 92 GPa at 3470 K, respectively. The P-V-T data have been treated with both thermodynamic and Mie–Grüneisen-Debye methods for the thermal EOS inversion. The results are self-consistent and in agreement with the static multi-anvil compression data of Litasov et al. (J. Appl. Phys. 113, 093507 (2013)) and the theoretical data of Zeng et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 114, 298 (2010)). These high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) data with high precision firstly complement and close the gap between the resistive heating and the shock compression experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Huang
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Fangfei Li
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yue Meng
- High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Konstantin D Litasov
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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Briggs R, Daisenberger D, Salamat A, Garbarino G, Mezouar M, Wilson M, McMillan PF. Melting of Sn to 1 Mbar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/377/1/012035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Yang L, Karandikar A, Boehler R. Flash heating in the diamond cell: melting curve of rhenium. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:063905. [PMID: 22755641 DOI: 10.1063/1.4730595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new method for measuring melting temperatures in the laser-heated diamond cell is described. This method circumvents previous problems associated with the sample instability, thermal runaway, and chemical reactions. Samples were heated with a single, 20 milliseconds rectangular pulse from a fiber laser, monitoring their thermal response with a fast photomultiplier while measuring the steady state temperature with a CCD spectrometer. The samples were recovered and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Focused ion beam milling allowed to examine both the lateral and the vertical solid-liquid boundaries. Ambient pressure tests reproducibly yielded the known melting temperatures of rhenium and molybdenum. Melting of Re was measured to 50 GPa, a 5-fold extension of previous data. The refractory character of Re is drastically enhanced by pressure, in contrast to Mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxiang Yang
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
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18
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Moriarty JA, Hood RQ, Yang LH. Quantum-mechanical interatomic potentials with electron temperature for strong-coupling transition metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:036401. [PMID: 22400763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.036401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In narrow d-band transition metals, electron temperature T(el) can impact the underlying electronic structure for temperatures near and above melt, strongly coupling the ion- and electron-thermal degrees of freedom and producing T(el)-dependent interatomic forces. Starting from the Mermin formulation of density functional theory, we have extended first-principles generalized pseudopotential theory to finite electron temperature and then developed efficient T(el)-dependent model generalized pseudopotential theory interatomic potentials for a Mo prototype. Unlike potentials based on the T(el)=0 electronic structure, the T(el)-dependent model generalized pseudopotential theory potentials yield a high-pressure Mo melt curve consistent with density functional theory quantum simulations, as well as with dynamic experiments, and also support a rich polymorphism in the high-(T,P) phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Moriarty
- Condensed Matter and Materials Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
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Greaves GN, Greer AL, Lakes RS, Rouxel T. Poisson's ratio and modern materials. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:823-837. [PMID: 22020006 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In comparing a material's resistance to distort under mechanical load rather than to alter in volume, Poisson's ratio offers the fundamental metric by which to compare the performance of any material when strained elastically. The numerical limits are set by ½ and -1, between which all stable isotropic materials are found. With new experiments, computational methods and routes to materials synthesis, we assess what Poisson's ratio means in the contemporary understanding of the mechanical characteristics of modern materials. Central to these recent advances, we emphasize the significance of relationships outside the elastic limit between Poisson's ratio and densification, connectivity, ductility and the toughness of solids; and their association with the dynamic properties of the liquids from which they were condensed and into which they melt.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Greaves
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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20
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Zeng ZY, Hu CE, Chen XR, Zhang XL, Cai LC, Jing FQ. Density functional theory investigation of the phonon instability, thermal equation of state and melting curve of Mo. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:1669-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Burakovsky L, Chen SP, Preston DL, Belonoshko AB, Rosengren A, Mikhaylushkin AS, Simak SI, Moriarty JA. High-pressure--high-temperature polymorphism in ta: resolving an ongoing experimental controversy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:255702. [PMID: 20867396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.255702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phase diagrams of refractory metals remain essentially unknown. Moreover, there is an ongoing controversy over the high-pressure melting temperatures of these metals: results of diamond anvil cell (DAC) and shock wave experiments differ by at least a factor of 2. From an extensive ab initio study on tantalum we discovered that the body-centered cubic phase, its physical phase at ambient conditions, transforms to another solid phase, possibly hexagonal omega phase, at high temperature. Hence the sample motion observed in DAC experiments is very likely not due to melting but internal stresses accompanying a solid-solid transformation, and thermal stresses associated with laser heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Burakovsky
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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22
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Dewaele A, Mezouar M, Guignot N, Loubeyre P. High melting points of tantalum in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:255701. [PMID: 20867395 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.255701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In situ x-ray diffraction has been used to characterize the structural modifications of tantalum samples under intense laser irradiation, up to 135 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. Melting data points are obtained that do not confirm the previously reported anomalously low melting curve. Two effects are identified that might alter the melting determination of refractory metals such as Ta under high static pressures. First, a strong chemical reactivity of Ta with the pressure transmitting media and with carbon diffusing out from the surface of the anvils is observed. Second, pyrometry measurements can be distorted when the pressure medium melts. The strong divergence between ab initio calculations, shock measurements and static determination is resolved here and hence many theoretical interpretations are ruled out. Finally, the body-centered cubic phase is stable over the pressure-temperature range investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Dewaele
- CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
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23
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Liermann HP, Morgenroth W, Ehnes A, Berghäuser A, Winkler B, Franz H, Weckert E. The Extreme Conditions Beamline at PETRA III, DESY: Possibilities to conduct time resolved monochromatic diffraction experiments in dynamic and laser heated DAC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/215/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Zeng ZY, Hu CE, Cai LC, Chen XR, Jing FQ. Lattice Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Molybdenum from First-Principles Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:298-310. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9073637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yi Zeng
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China, National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China, and International Centre for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cui-E Hu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China, National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China, and International Centre for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ling-Cang Cai
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China, National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China, and International Centre for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China, National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China, and International Centre for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fu-Qian Jing
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China, National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China, and International Centre for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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