1
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Kim TD, Pujal L, Richer M, van Zyl M, Martínez-González M, Tehrani A, Chuiko V, Sánchez-Díaz G, Sanchez W, Adams W, Huang X, Kelly BD, Vöhringer-Martinez E, Verstraelen T, Heidar-Zadeh F, Ayers PW. GBasis: A Python library for evaluating functions, functionals, and integrals expressed with Gaussian basis functions. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:042503. [PMID: 39077908 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
GBasis is a free and open-source Python library for molecular property computations based on Gaussian basis functions in quantum chemistry. Specifically, GBasis allows one to evaluate functions expanded in Gaussian basis functions (including molecular orbitals, electron density, and reduced density matrices) and to compute functionals of Gaussian basis functions (overlap integrals, one-electron integrals, and two-electron integrals). Unique features of GBasis include supporting evaluation and analytical integration of arbitrary-order derivatives of the density (matrices), computation of a broad range of (screened) Coulomb interactions, and evaluation of overlap integrals of arbitrary numbers of Gaussians in arbitrarily high dimensions. For circumstances where the flexibility of GBasis is less important than high performance, a seamless Python interface to the Libcint C package is provided. GBasis is designed to be easy to use, maintain, and extend following many standards of sustainable software development, including code-quality assurance through continuous integration protocols, extensive testing, comprehensive documentation, up-to-date package management, and continuous delivery. This article marks the official release of the GBasis library, outlining its features, examples, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon David Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Leila Pujal
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Michelle Richer
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Maximilian van Zyl
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Marco Martínez-González
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Alireza Tehrani
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Valerii Chuiko
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Gabriela Sánchez-Díaz
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Wesley Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - William Adams
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Braden D Kelly
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Farnaz Heidar-Zadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Paul W Ayers
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
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2
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Tehrani A, Anderson JSM, Chakraborty D, Rodriguez-Hernandez JI, Thompson DC, Verstraelen T, Ayers PW, Heidar-Zadeh F. An information-theoretic approach to basis-set fitting of electron densities and other non-negative functions. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:1998-2015. [PMID: 37526138 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The numerical ill-conditioning associated with approximating an electron density with a convex sum of Gaussian or Slater-type functions is overcome by using the (extended) Kullback-Leibler divergence to measure the deviation between the target and approximate density. The optimized densities are non-negative and normalized, and they are accurate enough to be used in applications related to molecular similarity, the topology of the electron density, and numerical molecular integration. This robust, efficient, and general approach can be used to fit any non-negative normalized functions (e.g., the kinetic energy density and molecular electron density) to a convex sum of non-negative basis functions. We present a fixed-point iteration method for optimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence and compare it to conventional gradient-based optimization methods. These algorithms are released through the free and open-source BFit package, which also includes a L2-norm squared optimization routine applicable to any square-integrable scalar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tehrani
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S M Anderson
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Debajit Chakraborty
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Paul W Ayers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Tools for overcoming reliance on energy-based measures in chemistry: a tutorial review. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5861-5874. [PMID: 37564018 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of literature in the chemical sciences describes fundamental chemical and physical phenomena using scalar measures, such as the energy, even though many phenomena are beyond the scope of scalar-based considerations. This problem exists no matter how accurately the associated energies are calculated. The solution that is explained in this work is to remove the reliance on scalar quantum chemical measures and instead utilize the vector-based and full symmetry-breaking nature of next generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (NG-QTAIM). The connection with experiment on neutral chiral molecules is explained. A selection of non-energy-based explanations are provided: the functioning of molecular devices, why the cis-effect is the exception rather than the rule, stereochemical phenomena including chiral discrimination, quantifying chiral character of formally achiral molecules, mixed S and R stereoisomer character and the effect of an applied electric field. Current and future developments along with suggestions for future avenues of investigation are discussed. This tutorial review provides the practical details required to implement NG-QTAIM for a range of phenomena that are not accessible with energy-based measures. Step-by-step worked examples are included with data sets and instructions for use of commercial and open-source software along with examples of how to interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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4
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Sangeetha T, Sahana R, Mounica P, Elangovan A, Shanmugam R, Arivazhagan G. Atoms in molecules theory, electrostatic potential surface and frontier molecular orbital analyses on water multimers and pyridine – water hydrogen bonded complexes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Peng Y, Yu W, Feng X, Xu T, Früchtl H, van Mourik T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. The Cis-Effect Explained Using Next-Generation QTAIM. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186099. [PMID: 36144830 PMCID: PMC9506152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We used next-generation QTAIM (NG-QTAIM) to explain the cis-effect for two families of molecules: C2X2 (X = H, F, Cl) and N2X2 (X = H, F, Cl). We explained why the cis-effect is the exception rather than the rule. This was undertaken by tracking the motion of the bond critical point (BCP) of the stress tensor trajectories Tσ(s) used to sample the Uσ-space cis- and trans-characteristics. The Tσ(s) were constructed by subjecting the C1-C2 BCP and N1-N2 BCP to torsions ± θ and summing all possible Tσ(s) from the bonding environment. During this process, care was taken to fully account for multi-reference effects. We associated bond-bending and bond-twisting components of the Tσ(s) with cis- and trans-characteristics, respectively, based on the relative ease of motion of the electronic charge density ρ(rb). Qualitative agreement is found with existing experimental data and predictions are made where experimental data is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Steven R. Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (S.J.)
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6
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Li Z, Yang Y, Xu T, Früchtl H, van Mourik T, Paterson MJ, Shigeta Y, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Next generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules for the design of emitters exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence with laser irradiation. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:206-214. [PMID: 34787324 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a static electric (E)-field and an unchirped and chirped laser pulse field on the cycl[3.3.3]azine molecule was investigated using next-generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (NG-QTAIM). Despite the magnitude of the E-field of the laser pulses being an order of magnitude lower than for the static E-field, the variation of the energy gap between the lowest lying singlet (S1 ) and triplet (T1 ) excited states was orders of magnitude greater for the laser pulse than for the static E-field. Insights into the response of the electronic structure were captured by NG-QTAIM, where differences in the inverted singlet-triplet gap due to the laser pulses were significant larger compared to those induced by the static E-field. The response of the S1 and T1 excited states, as determined by NG-QTAIM, switched discontinuously between weak and strong chemical character for the static E-field. In contrast, the response to the laser pulses, determined by NG-QTAIM, is to induce a continuous range of chemical character, indicating the unique ability of the laser pulses to induce polarization effects in the form of "mixed" bond types. Our analysis demonstrates that NG-QTAIM is a useful tool for understanding the response to laser irradiation of the lowest-lying singlet S1 and triplet T1 excited states of emitters exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The chirped laser pulse led to more frequent instances of the desired outcome of an inverted singlet-triplet gap than the unchirped pulse, indicating its usefulness as a tool to design more efficient organic light-emitting diode devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Saint Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Saint Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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7
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Momen R, Azizi A, Morales-Bayuelo A, Pazhoohesh M, Ji X. New insights of QTAIM and stress tensor to finding non-competitive/competitive torquoselectivity of cyclobutene. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:204305. [PMID: 34852485 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of torquoselectivity through three thermal cyclobutene ring-opening reactions (N1-N3). This research focuses on the nature of the chemical bond, electronic reorganization, predicting non-competitive or competitive reactions, and torquoselectivity preference within Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and stress tensor frameworks. Various theoretical analyses for these reactions, such as metallicity ξ(rb), ellipticity ε, total local energy density H(rb), stress tensor polarizability ℙσ, stress tensor eigenvalue λ3σ, and bond-path length, display differently for non-competitive and competitive reactions as well as for the conrotatory preferences either it is the transition state outward conrotatory (TSout) or transition state inward conrotatory (TSin) directions by presenting degeneracy or non-degeneracy in their results. The ellipticity profile provides the motion of the bond critical point locations due to the different substituents of cyclobutene. In agreement with experimental results, examinations demonstrated that N1 is a competitive reaction and N2-N3 are non-competitive reactions with TSout and TSin preference directions, respectively. The concordant results of QTAIM and stress tensor scalar and vectors with experimental results provide a better understanding of reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Momen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Alireza Azizi
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | | | - Mehdi Pazhoohesh
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha, Changsha 410083, China
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8
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Understanding chemical coupling in cyclic versus compact water clusters with the Ehrenfest Force. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Xu T, Nie X, Li S, Yang Y, Früchtl H, van Mourik T, Kirk SR, Paterson MJ, Shigeta Y, Jenkins S. Chirality without Stereoisomers: Insight from the Helical Response of Bond Electrons. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1989-1995. [PMID: 34269504 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The association between molecular chirality and helical characteristics known as the chirality-helicity equivalence is determined for the first time by quantifying a chirality-helicity measure consistent with photoexcitation circular dichroism experiments. This is demonstrated using a formally achiral SN 2 reaction and a chiral SN 2 reaction. Both the achiral and chiral SN 2 reactions possess significant values of the chirality-helicity measure and display a Walden inversion, i. e. an inversion of the chirality between the reactant and product. We also track the chirality-helicity measure along the reaction path and discover the presence of chirality at the transition state and two intermediate structures for both reactions. We demonstrate the need for the chirality-helicity measure to differentiate between steric effects due to eclipsed conformations and chiral behaviors in formally achiral species. We explain the significance of this work for asymmetric synthetic reactions including the intermediate structures where the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) rules cannot be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Xing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Shuman Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Saint Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Saint Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
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Nie X, Filatov M, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Photochemical ring-opening reactions of oxirane with the Ehrenfest force topology. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tsirelson V, Stash A. Orbital-free quantum crystallography: view on forces in crystals. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:769-778. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620009178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantum theory of atoms in molecules and the orbital-free density functional theory (DFT) are combined in this work to study the spatial distribution of electrostatic and quantum electronic forces acting in stable crystals. The electron distribution is determined by electrostatic electron mutual repulsion corrected for exchange and correlation, their attraction to nuclei and by electron kinetic energy. The latter defines the spread of permissible variations in the electron momentum resulting from the de Broglie relationship and uncertainty principle, as far as the limitations of Pauli principle and the presence of atomic nuclei and other electrons allow. All forces are expressed via kinetic and DFT potentials and then defined in terms of the experimental electron density and its derivatives; hence, this approach may be considered as orbital-free quantum crystallography. The net force acting on an electron in a crystal at equilibrium is zero everywhere, presenting a balance of the kinetic
F
kin(
r
) and potential forces
F
(
r
). The critical points of both potentials are analyzed and they are recognized as the points at which forces
F
kin(
r
) and
F
(
r
) individually are zero (the Lagrange points). The positions of these points in a crystal are described according to Wyckoff notations, while their types depend on the considered scalar field. It was found that
F
(
r
) force pushes electrons to the atomic nuclei, while the kinetic force
F
kin(
r
) draws electrons from nuclei. This favors formation of electron concentration bridges between some of the nearest atoms. However, in a crystal at equilibrium, only kinetic potential v
kin(
r
) and corresponding force exhibit the electronic shells and atomic-like zero-flux basins around the nuclear attractors. The force-field approach and quantum topological theory of atoms in molecules are compared and their distinctions are clarified.
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Wang L, Azizi A, Xu T, Filatov M, Kirk SR, Paterson MJ, Jenkins S. The role of the natural transition orbital density in the S0 → S1 and S0 → S2 transitions of fulvene with next generation QTAIM. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Azizi A, Momen R, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. 3-D bond-paths of QTAIM and the stress tensor in neutral lithium clusters, Li m (m = 2-5), presented on the Ehrenfest force molecular graph. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:864-877. [PMID: 31844863 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation we set out to understand the origins of non-nuclear attractors (NNAs) found for neutral lithium clusters Lim (m = 2-5) on the QTAIM molecular graph but not on the Ehrenfest force F(r) molecular graph. Therefore, we pursued the stress tensor σ(r) without using the dependency on the QTAIM partitioning, since previously σ(r) was only calculated within the QTAIM partitioning, to see if any indication of NNA character can be determined. Because the stress tensor σ(r) lacks an associated scalar- or vector-field as is the case for QTAIM and the Ehrenfest F(r) partitioning schemes respectively, a stress tensor σ(r) partitioning scheme cannot be constructed. Therefore, to overcome this difficulty we use next generation QTAIM, constructed from the most preferred directions of electronic charge density accumulation, to calculate the stress tensor σ(r) 3-D bond-paths on the Ehrenfest force F(r) molecular graph. Using next generation 3-D bond-paths within the Ehrenfest force F(r) partitioning, we can classify the degree of NNA character in the absence of NNAs. A much higher degree of NNA character is found to be present for the stress tensor σ(r) 3-D bond-paths than for the corresponding QTAIM or Ehrenfest force F(r) 3-D bond-paths. The stabilizing effect of the NNA is demonstrated by undertaking Li2 bond-path compression and stretching distortions sufficient to cause the annihilation of the NNA. The compression and stretching distortions also lead to a large increase in the 3-D bond-path asymmetry and persistent bond-path torsion respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azizi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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Shaik S, Danovich D, Galbraith JM, Braïda B, Wu W, Hiberty PC. Charge‐Shift Bonding: A New and Unique Form of Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9190401 Jerusalem Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9190401 Jerusalem Israel
| | - John Morrison Galbraith
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Physics, Marist College 3399 North Road Poughkeepsie NY 12601 USA
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Laboratoire de Chimie Theorique Sorbonne Universite, UMR7616 CNRS Paris 75252 France
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Philippe C. Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR8000, Bat. 349 Université de Paris-Sud 91405 Orsay Cédex France
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15
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Shaik S, Danovich D, Galbraith JM, Braïda B, Wu W, Hiberty PC. Charge-Shift Bonding: A New and Unique Form of Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:984-1001. [PMID: 31476104 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Charge-shift bonds (CSBs) constitute a new class of bonds different than covalent/polar-covalent and ionic bonds. Bonding in CSBs does not arise from either the covalent or the ionic structures of the bond, but rather from the resonance interaction between the structures. This Essay describes the reasons why the CSB family was overlooked by valence-bond pioneers and then demonstrates that the unique status of CSBs is not theory-dependent. Thus, valence bond (VB), molecular orbital (MO), and energy decomposition analysis (EDA), as well as a variety of electron density theories all show the distinction of CSBs vis-à-vis covalent and ionic bonds. Furthermore, the covalent-ionic resonance energy can be quantified from experiment, and hence has the same essential status as resonance energies of organic molecules, e.g., benzene. The Essay ends by arguing that CSBs are a distinct family of bonding, with a potential to bring about a Renaissance in the mental map of the chemical bond, and to contribute to productive chemical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - John Morrison Galbraith
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Marist College, 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12601, USA
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Laboratoire de Chimie Theorique, Sorbonne Universite, UMR7616 CNRS, Paris, 75252, France
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Philippe C Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR8000, Bat. 349, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cédex, France
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Malcomson T, Azizi A, Momen R, Xu T, Kirk SR, Paterson MJ, Jenkins S. Stress Tensor Eigenvector Following with Next-Generation Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules: Excited State Photochemical Reaction Path from Benzene to Benzvalene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8254-8264. [PMID: 31487180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, we considered both the scalar and 3-D vector-based measures of bonding using next generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), constructed from the preferred direction of electronic charge density accumulation, to better understand the photochemical reaction associated with of the formation of benzvalene from benzene. The formation of benzvalene from benzene resulted in two additional C-C bonds forming compared with the benzene. The creation of the additional C-C bonds was explained in terms of an increasing the favorability of the reaction process by maximizing the bonding density. The topological instability of the benzvalene structure was determined using the scalar and vector-based measures to explain the short chemical half-life of benzvalene in terms of the competition between the formation of unstable new C-C bonding that also destabilizes nearest neighbor C-C bonds. The explosive character of benzvalene is indicated by the unusual tendency of the C-C bonds to rupture as easily as weak bonding. The topological instability of the short strong C-C bonds was explained by the existence of measures from conventional and next generation QTAIM that previously have only been observed in weak interactions; such measures included twisted 3-D bonding descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Malcomson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , U.K
| | - Alireza Azizi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan 410081 , China
| | - Roya Momen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan 410081 , China
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan 410081 , China
| | - Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan 410081 , China
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , U.K
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , Hunan 410081 , China
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Wang L, Azizi A, Xu T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Explanation of the role of hydrogen bonding in the structural preferences of small molecule conformers. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Bin X, Xu T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. The directional bonding of [1.1.1]propellane with next generation QTAIM. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li S, Xu T, van Mourik T, Früchtl H, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Halogen and Hydrogen Bonding in Halogenabenzene/NH 3 Complexes Compared Using Next-Generation QTAIM. Molecules 2019; 24:E2875. [PMID: 31398800 PMCID: PMC6720212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) was used to investigate the competition between hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding for the recently proposed (Y = Br, I, At)/halogenabenzene/NH3 complex. Differences between using the SR-ZORA Hamiltonian and effective core potentials (ECPs) to account for relativistic effects with increased atomic mass demonstrated that next-generation QTAIM is a much more responsive tool than conventional QTAIM. Subtle details of the competition between halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding were observed, indicating a mixed chemical character shown in the 3-D paths constructed from the bond-path framework set B. In addition, the use of SR-ZORA reduced or entirely removed spurious features of B on the site of the halogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK.
| | - Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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20
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Xu T, Momen R, Azizi A, van Mourik T, Früchtl H, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. The destabilization of hydrogen bonds in an external E-field for improved switch performance. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1881-1891. [PMID: 30980547 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of an electric field on a recently proposed molecular switch based on a quinone analogue was investigated using next-generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) methodology. The reversal of a homogenous external electric field was demonstrated to improve the "OFF" functioning of the switch. This was achieved by destabilization of the H atom participating in the tautomerization process along the hydrogen bond that defines the switch. The "ON" functioning of the switch, from the position of the tautomerization barrier, is also improved by the reversal of the homogenous external electric field: this result was previously inaccessible. The "ON" and "OFF" functioning of the switch was visualized in terms of the response of the most preferred directions of motion of the electronic charge density to the applied external field. All measures from QTAIM and the stress tensor provide consistent results for the factors affecting the "ON" and "OFF" switch performance. Our analysis therefore demonstrates use for future design of molecular electronic devices. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Roya Momen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Alireza Azizi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Früchtl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
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21
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Fuller J, Wilson TR, Eberhart ME, Alexandrova AN. Charge Density in Enzyme Active Site as a Descriptor of Electrostatic Preorganization. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2367-2373. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Fuller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tim R. Wilson
- Molecular Theory Group, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mark E. Eberhart
- Molecular Theory Group, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems
Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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22
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Tian T, Xu T, Kirk SR, Filatov M, Jenkins S. Next-generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules for the ground and excited state of DHCL. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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QTAIM and stress tensor bond-path framework sets for the ground and excited states of fulvene. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Sen S, Tellgren EI. A local tensor that unifies kinetic energy density and vorticity in density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:144109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5041931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik I. Tellgren
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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25
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Azizi A, Momen R, Xu T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Non-nuclear attractors in small charged lithium clusters, Li mq (m = 2-5, q = ±1), with QTAIM and the Ehrenfest force partitioning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24695-24707. [PMID: 30225484 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05214j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation we explore the function and existence of the non-nuclear attractor (NNA) for a series of small charged lithium clusters Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) using QTAIM and the Ehrenfest force F(r) partitioning schemes. The NNAs were found to be present in all of the Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) clusters for QTAIM, in contrast none were found for F(r). We discovered that the anionic and cationic lithium dimers are limiting cases for minimal and maximal impact of the NNA related to the relative sparseness of total charge density ρ(r) distributions respectively. Evidence is found that the NNA in the anionic dimer is in the process of being annihilated by two neighboring BCPs. We provide a measure of the size of the NNA and find for Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) that larger NNAs correlate with increased Li-Li separations. The NNA was determined to be a persistent feature by varying the Li separations for the cationic and anionic dimers. Very large Li separations failed to induce an NNA in the F(r) anionic dimer and therefore we conclude that F(r) is unable to detect NNAs. The metallicity ξ(rb) was also used to measure the sparseness of the distribution of ρ(r) and significant metallic character, on the basis of ξ(rb) > 1, was present for QTAIM but not for F(r), providing further evidence that F(r) cannot detect NNAs. Advantages of the use of Ehrenfest force F(r) partitioning scheme are discussed that include the design of nano-devices through tuning of the Ehrenfest potential VF(b) by the application of external forces such as a constant electric or strain field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azizi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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26
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Huang WJ, Xu T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. The 3-D bonding morphology of the infra-red active normal modes of benzene. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Li J, Huang W, Xu T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. A vector-based representation of the chemical bond for the substituted torsion of biphenyl. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Li J, Xu T, Ping Y, van Mourik T, Früchtl H, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Consequences of theory level choice evaluated with new tools from QTAIM and the stress tensor for a dipeptide conformer. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Valdez CE, Morgenstern A, Eberhart ME, Alexandrova AN. Predictive methods for computational metalloenzyme redesign - a test case with carboxypeptidase A. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:31744-31756. [PMID: 27841396 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02247b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Computational metalloenzyme design is a multi-scale problem. It requires treating the metal coordination quantum mechanically, extensive sampling of the protein backbone, and additionally accounting for the polarization of the active site by both the metal cation and the surrounding protein (a phenomenon called electrostatic preorganization). We bring together a combination of theoretical methods that jointly offer these desired qualities: QM/DMD for mixed quantum-classical dynamic sampling, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) for the assessment of electrostatic preorganization, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) for mechanistic studies. Within this suite of principally different methods, there are both complementarity of capabilities and cross-validation. Using these methods, predictions can be made regarding the relative activities of related enzymes, as we show on the native Zn2+-dependent carboxypeptidase A (CPA), and its mutant proteins, which are hypothesized to hydrolyze modified substrates. For the native CPA, we replicated the catalytic mechanism and the rate in close agreement with the experiment, giving validity to the QM/DMD predicted structure, the DFT mechanism, and the QTAIM assessment of catalytic activity. For most sequences of the modified substrate and tried CPA mutants, substantially worsened activity is predicted. However, for the substrate mutant that contains Asp instead of Phe at the C-terminus, one CPA mutant exhibits a reasonable activity, as predicted across the theoretical methods. CPA is a well-studied system, and here it serves as a testing ground for the offered methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal E Valdez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Amanda Morgenstern
- Molecular Theory Group, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Mark E Eberhart
- Molecular Theory Group, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. and California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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30
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Fias S, Heidar-Zadeh F, Anderson JSM, Ayers PW, Parr RG. A reference-free stockholder partitioning method based on the force on electrons. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:1044-1050. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Fias
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Farnaz Heidar-Zadeh
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
- Center for Molecular Modeling; Ghent University, Technologiepark 903; 9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3); 9000 Gent Belgium
| | | | - Paul W. Ayers
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Robert G. Parr
- Department of Chemistry; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA 27599
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31
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Insights into the all-metal [Sb3Au3Sb3]3− sandwich complex from a QTAIM and stress tensor analysis. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Wang L, Huan G, Momen R, Azizi A, Xu T, Kirk SR, Filatov M, Jenkins S. QTAIM and Stress Tensor Characterization of Intramolecular Interactions Along Dynamics Trajectories of a Light-Driven Rotary Molecular Motor. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4778-4792. [PMID: 28586210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and stress tensor analysis was applied to analyze intramolecular interactions influencing the photoisomerization dynamics of a light-driven rotary molecular motor. For selected nonadiabatic molecular dynamics trajectories characterized by markedly different S1 state lifetimes, the electron densities were obtained using the ensemble density functional theory method. The analysis revealed that torsional motion of the molecular motor blades from the Franck-Condon point to the S1 energy minimum and the S1/S0 conical intersection is controlled by two factors: greater numbers of intramolecular bonds before the hop-time and unusually strongly coupled bonds between the atoms of the rotor and the stator blades. This results in the effective stalling of the progress along the torsional path for an extended period of time. This finding suggests a possibility of chemical tuning of the speed of photoisomerization of molecular motors and related molecular switches by reshaping their molecular backbones to decrease or increase the degree of coupling and numbers of intramolecular bond critical points as revealed by the QTAIM/stress tensor analysis of the electron density. Additionally, the stress tensor scalar and vector analysis was found to provide new methods to follow the trajectories, and from this, new insight was gained into the behavior of the S1 state in the vicinity of the conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Guo Huan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Roya Momen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Alireza Azizi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Michael Filatov
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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Hu MX, Xu T, Momen R, Azizi A, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. The normal modes of vibration of benzene from the trajectories of stress tensor eigenvector projection space. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Morgenstern A, Jaszai M, Eberhart ME, Alexandrova AN. Quantified electrostatic preorganization in enzymes using the geometry of the electron charge density. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5010-5018. [PMID: 28970888 PMCID: PMC5612031 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic preorganization is thought to be a principle factor responsible for the impressive catalytic capabilities of enzymes. The full protein structure is believed to facilitate catalysis by exerting a highly specific electrostatic field on the active site. Computationally determining the extent of electrostatic preorganization is a challenging process. We propose using the topology and geometry of the electron charge density in the enzyme's active site to asses the effects of electrostatic preorganization. In support of this approach we study the convergence of features of the charge density as the size of the active site model increases in Histone Deacetylase 8. The magnitude of charge density at critical points and most Bader atomic charges are found to converge quickly as more of the protein is included in the simulation. The exact position of critical points however, is found to converge more slowly and be strongly influenced by the protein residues that are further away from the active site. We conjecture that the positions of critical points are affected through perturbations to the wavefunctions in the active site caused by dipole moments from amino acid residues throughout the protein. We further hypothesize that electrostatic preorganization, from the point of view of charge density, can not be easily understood through the charges on atoms or the nature of the bonding interactions, but through the relative positions of critical points that are known to correlate with reactivity and reaction barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Jaszai
- Molecular Theory Group , Colorado School of Mines , USA .
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35
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Xu T, Farrell J, Momen R, Azizi A, Kirk SR, Jenkins S, Wales DJ. A stress tensor eigenvector projection space for the (H2O)5 potential energy surface. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hu MX, Xu T, Momen R, Huan G, Kirk SR, Jenkins S, Filatov M. A QTAIM and stress tensor investigation of the torsion path of a light-driven fluorene molecular rotary motor. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2588-96. [PMID: 27671359 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The utility of the QTAIM/stress tensor analysis method for characterizing the photoisomerization of light driven molecular rotary machines is investigated on the example of the torsion path in fluorene molecular motor. The scalar and vector descriptors of QTAIM/stress tensor reveal additional information on the bonding interactions between the rotating units of the motor, which cannot be obtained from the analysis of the ground and excited state potential energy surfaces. The topological features of the fluorene motor molecular graph display that, upon the photoexcitation a certain increase in the torsional stiffness of the rotating bond can be attributed to the increasing topological stability of the rotor carbon atom attached to the rotation axle. The established variations in the torsional stiffness of the rotating bond may cause transfer of certain fraction of the torsional energy to other internal degrees of freedom, such as the pyramidalization distortion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Roya Momen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Guo Huan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Steven R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Michael Filatov
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
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38
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Jiajun D, Maza JR, Xu Y, Xu T, Momen R, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. A stress tensor and QTAIM perspective on the substituent effects of biphenyl subjected to torsion. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2508-17. [PMID: 27546220 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) defines quantities in 3D space that can be easily obtained from routine quantum chemical calculations. The present investigation shows that local properties can be related quantitatively to measures traditionally connected to experimental data, such as Hammett constants. We consider the specific case of substituted biphenyl to quantify the effects of a torsion φ, 0.0° ≤ φ ≤ 180.0°, of the C-C bond linking the two phenyl rings for C12 H9 -x, where x = N(CH3 )2 , NH2 , CH3 , CHO, CN, NO2, on the entire molecule. QTAIM interpreted Hammett constants, aΔH(rb ) are introduced and constructed using the difference between the H(rb ) value of C12 H9 -x and the C12 H9 -H, biphenyl which is the reference molecule, with a constant of proportionality a. This investigation unexpectedly yields very good or good agreement for the x groups with the Hammett para-, meta-, and ortho-substituent constants and is checked against para-substituted benzene. We then proceed to present the interpreted substituent constants of seven new biphenyl substituent groups, where tabulated Hammett substituent constant values are not available; y = SiH3 , ZnCl, COOCH3 , SO2 NH2 , SO2 OH, COCl, CB3 . Consistency is found for the QTAIM interpreted biphenyl substituent constants of the seven new groups y independently using the stress tensor polarizability Pσ . In addition, a selection of future applications is discussed that highlight the usefulness of this approach. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jiajun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan, 410081, China
| | - J R Maza
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Y Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan, 410081, China
| | - T Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan, 410081, China
| | - R Momen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan, 410081, China
| | - S R Kirk
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan, 410081, China
| | - S Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan, 410081, China
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39
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Guo H, Morales-Bayuelo A, Xu T, Momen R, Wang L, Yang P, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Distinguishing and quantifying the torquoselectivity in competitive ring-opening reactions using the stress tensor and QTAIM. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2722-2733. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Program, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Alejandro Morales-Bayuelo
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Program; Grupo de Química Cuántica y Teórica de la Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Ciencias, Programa de Química, Cartagena de Indias; Colombia
| | - Tianlv Xu
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Program, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Roya Momen
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Program, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Program, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Ping Yang
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Program, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Steven R. Kirk
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Program, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- Science Faculty, Chemistry Program, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
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40
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Xu T, Farrell J, Xu Y, Momen R, Kirk SR, Jenkins S, Wales DJ. QTAIM and stress tensor interpretation of the (H2
O)5
potential energy surface. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2712-2721. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlv Xu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - James Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road; Cambridge University; UK
| | - Yuning Xu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Roya Momen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Steven R. Kirk
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University; Changsha Hunan 410081 China
| | - David J. Wales
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road; Cambridge University; UK
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41
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Nozaki H, Fujii Y, Ichikawa K, Watanabe T, Aihara Y, Tachibana A. Theoretical study of lithium ionic conductors by electronic stress tensor density and electronic kinetic energy density. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:1924-34. [PMID: 27232445 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We analyze the electronic structure of lithium ionic conductors, Li3PO4 and Li3PS4, using the electronic stress tensor density and kinetic energy density with special focus on the ionic bonds among them. We find that, as long as we examine the pattern of the eigenvalues of the electronic stress tensor density, we cannot distinguish between the ionic bonds and bonds among metalloid atoms. We then show that they can be distinguished by looking at the morphology of the electronic interface, the zero surface of the electronic kinetic energy density. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Nozaki
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Bldg. C3, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto-Shi, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Yosuke Fujii
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Bldg. C3, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto-Shi, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ichikawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Bldg. C3, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto-Shi, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Taku Watanabe
- AR Center, Samsung R&D Institute Japan, Minoh Semba Center Bldg, Semba Nishi 2-1-11, Minoh, Osaka, 562-0036, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aihara
- AR Center, Samsung R&D Institute Japan, Minoh Semba Center Bldg, Semba Nishi 2-1-11, Minoh, Osaka, 562-0036, Japan
| | - Akitomo Tachibana
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Bldg. C3, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto-Shi, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
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42
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Maza JR, Jenkins S, Kirk SR. 11-cis retinal torsion: A QTAIM and stress tensor analysis of the S1 excited state. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Morgenstern A, Morgenstern C, Miorelli J, Wilson T, Eberhart ME. The influence of zero-flux surface motion on chemical reactivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5638-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07852k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Motion of zero-flux surfaces when an electron is removed from an ICCF molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Morgenstern
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
| | | | - Tim Wilson
- Molecular Theory Group
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
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44
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Tsirelson VG, Stash AI, Tokatly IV. Bonding in molecular crystals from the local electronic pressure viewpoint. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G. Tsirelson
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Adam I. Stash
- Laboratory of Oxide Materials, Karpov Research Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Tokatly
- Departamento de Fisica de Materials, Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basgue Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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45
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Nozaki H, Ikeda Y, Ichikawa K, Tachibana A. Electronic stress tensor analysis of molecules in gas phase of CVD process for GeSbTe alloy. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1240-51. [PMID: 25906966 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the electronic structure of molecules which may exist in gas phase of chemical vapor deposition process for GeSbTe alloy using the electronic stress tensor, with special focus on the chemical bonds between Ge, Sb, and Te atoms. We find that, from the viewpoint of the electronic stress tensor, they have intermediate properties between alkali metals and hydrocarbon molecules. We also study the correlation between the bond order which is defined based on the electronic stress tensor, and energy-related quantities. We find that the correlation with the bond dissociation energy is not so strong while one with the force constant is very strong. We interpret these results in terms of the energy density on the "Lagrange surface," which is considered to define the boundary surface of atoms in a molecule in the framework of the electronic stress tensor analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Nozaki
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ichikawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Akitomo Tachibana
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
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46
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47
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Miorelli J, Wilson T, Morgenstern A, Jones T, Eberhart ME. A full topological analysis of unstable and metastable bond critical points. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:152-9. [PMID: 25399850 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are developing conceptually based models linking the structure and dynamics of molecular charge density to certain properties. Here we report on our efforts to identify features within the charge density that are indicative of instability and metastability. Towards this, we use our extensions to the quantum theory of atoms in molecules that capitalize on a molecule's ridges to define a natural simplex over the charge density. The resulting simplicial complex can be represented at various levels by its 0-, 1-, and 2-skeleton (dependent sets of points, lines, and surfaces). We show that the geometry of these n-skeletons retains critical information regarding the structure and stability of molecular systems while greatly simplifying charge density analysis. As an example, we use our methods to uncover the fingerprints of instability and metastability in two much-discussed systems, that is, the di-benzene complex and the He and adamantane inclusion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Miorelli
- Molecular Theory Group, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 (USA)
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48
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Szarek P, Grochala W. Most Probable Distance between the Nucleus and HOMO Electron: The Latent Meaning of Atomic Radius from the Product of Chemical Hardness and Polarizability. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10281-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507423p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szarek
- Center
for New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grochala
- Center
for New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02089 Warsaw, Poland
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49
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Wang XF, Jones TE, Wu Y, Lu ZP, Halas S, Durakiewicz T, Eberhart ME. An electronic criterion for assessing intrinsic brittleness of metallic glasses. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:024503. [PMID: 25028023 DOI: 10.1063/1.4884783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X. F. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - T. E. Jones
- Molecular Theory Group, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA and School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Z. P. Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - S. Halas
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - T. Durakiewicz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mailstop K764, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M. E. Eberhart
- Molecular Theory Group, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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50
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Jenkins S, Blancafort L, Kirk SR, Bearpark MJ. The response of the electronic structure to electronic excitation and double bond torsion in fulvene: a combined QTAIM, stress tensor and MO perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7115-26. [PMID: 24618666 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New insights into the double bond isomerization of fulvene in the ground and excited electronic states are provided by newly developed QTAIM and stress tensor tools. The S0 and S1 states follow the 'biradical' torsion model, but the double bond is stiffer in the S0 state; by contrast, the S2 state follows the 'zwitterionic' torsion. Differences are explained in terms of the ellipticity and bond critical point (BCP) stiffness for both QTAIM and the stress tensor. Overall, the wave-function based analysis is found to be in agreement with the work of Bonačić-Koutecký and Michl that the bond-twisted species can have biradical or zwitterionic character, depending on the state. Using QTAIM and the stress tensor a new understanding of bond torsion is revealed; the electronic charge density around the twisted bond is found not to rotate in concert with the nuclei of the rotated -CH2 methylene group. The ability to visualize how the bond stiffness varies between individual electronic states and how this correlates with the QTAIM and stress tensor bond stiffness is highlighted. In addition, the most and least preferred morphologies of bond-path torsion are visualized. Briefly we discuss the prospects for using this new QTAIM and stress tensor analysis for excited state chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Jenkins
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China) and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan 410081, China.
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